Domestic garbage can generally be divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful waste and other garbage.
1. Recyclable garbage includes paper, metal, plastic, glass, etc. Through comprehensive treatment and recycling, pollution is reduced and resources are saved. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution can be reduced by 74% compared with the same output.
Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%.
2. Kitchen wastes, including food wastes such as leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves, can be composted by biotechnology, and 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per ton.
3. Hazardous wastes include waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired drugs, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment.
4. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, waste residue, toilet waste paper and other wastes that are difficult to recycle. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
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China processing method:
The technical countermeasures of municipal solid waste treatment in China are sanitary landfill and high-temperature composting, which will promote the development of incineration technology in cities with conditions, especially in coastal economically developed areas.
Cities began to carry out basic and applied research on waste incineration treatment, developed small rotary waste burners including NF series reverse combustion, RF series pyrolysis and HL series, and a number of special incinerators for hospital waste, and built a number of simple incineration plants (stations) in small and medium-sized cities.
1985, Shenzhen imported complete sets of incineration technology and equipment from Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan, and built the first large-scale (300t/d) modern waste incineration power generation comprehensive treatment plant in China, which laid the foundation for the localization of municipal waste incineration devices in China.