Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and tasteless combustible gas. In daily life, it is often caused by insufficient fuel combustion, and inhalation is very harmful to human body. The main component of artificial gas is carbon monoxide, so carbon monoxide poisoning is often called gas poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning can damage the central nervous system, respiratory system and circulatory system of human body, resulting in headache, dizziness, insomnia, blurred vision, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, general fatigue, tachycardia, transient fainting and other symptoms. In severe cases, it can lead to coma and death.
Mechanism of carbon monoxide poisoning
The binding force between carbon monoxide and hemoglobin is 200-300 times greater than that between oxygen and hemoglobin. Carbon monoxide combined with hemoglobin to produce carboxyhemoglobin is more stable than oxygen combined with hemoglobin, which can replace oxygen in oxygenated hemoglobin. The dissociation rate of carboxyhemoglobin is only 1/3600 of that of oxygenated hemoglobin. Therefore, the inhalation of carbon monoxide not only reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells, but also inhibits and slows down the dissociation of oxygenated hemoglobin and the release of oxygen, which greatly reduces the oxygen supply capacity of blood, thus causing functional damage to human tissues due to hypoxia.
The concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in blood is directly proportional to the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air. Poisoning symptoms depend on the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. When the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in blood exceeds 2%, it can cause nervous system reaction. When it reaches 5%, the coronary blood flow increases significantly. When it reaches 10%, the coronary blood flow can be increased by 25%, which is a compensatory function. However, patients with coronary atherosclerosis do not have this compensatory ability. This leads to myocardial hypoxia and injury. When the blood carboxyhemoglobin is 2.5%, the attack time of angina pectoris patients can be shortened. Carboxyhemoglobin concentration in blood is an important index to monitor biological materials polluted by air or indoor air.
The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are as follows:
1, mild poisoning. Patients may have headache, dizziness, insomnia, blurred vision, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, general fatigue, tachycardia and transient fainting. The content of carboxyhemoglobin in blood is 10% ~ 20%.
2. Moderate poisoning. In addition to the above symptoms, lips, nails, skin and mucous membrane appear cherry red, sweating, blood pressure rises first and then falls, heart rate increases rapidly, arrhythmia, irritability, temporary separation of feeling and action (that is, thinking but unable to act). Symptoms continue to worsen, and drowsiness and coma may occur. Carboxyhemoglobin in blood is about 30% ~ 40%. After timely rescue, you can wake up quickly, generally without complications and sequelae.
3. Severe poisoning. The patient soon fell into a coma. At the beginning, the muscle tension of limbs increased, or paroxysmal tonic spasm appeared; In the later stage, the muscle tension decreased obviously, the patient's face was pale or blue, blood pressure dropped, pupils dilated, and finally he died of respiratory paralysis. Survivors after rescue may have serious complications and sequelae.
Carbon monoxide concentration, residence time and hazards (symptoms)
When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air is not more than 50ppm, healthy adults can bear it for 8 hours;
When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air reaches 200ppm, healthy adults will have slight headache and fatigue after 2-3 hours;
When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air reaches 400ppm, healthy adults will have forehead pain within 1-2 hours, and they will be life-threatening after 3 hours.
When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air reaches 800ppm, healthy adults will feel dizzy, sick and twitch within 45 minutes, lose consciousness within 2 hours and die within 2-3 hours;
When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air reaches 1600ppm, healthy adults will have symptoms such as headache, dizziness and nausea within 20 minutes, and die within 1 hour.
When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air reaches 3200ppm, healthy adults will have headache, dizziness, nausea and other symptoms within 5- 10 minutes, and die within 25-30 minutes;
When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air reaches 6400ppm, healthy adults will have symptoms such as headache, dizziness and nausea within 1-2 minutes, and die within 10- 15 minutes.
When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air reaches 12800ppm, healthy adults will die within 1-3 minutes.
(ppm, gas volume concentration ratio, parts per million)
Measures to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning:
There is enough fresh air in the place where fuel is used, and the flue gas should be discharged from the living place in time.
1. When coal and charcoal are used for indoor heating and fire in winter and spring, the exhaust fan should be turned on, and doors and windows should not be completely closed. Do not use coal or charcoal for heating indoors (outdoors) without forced ventilation.
2. It is not allowed to use eliminated water heaters such as direct-row gas water heaters prohibited by the state from production and sales (exhaust smoke at the installation site); Do not use long-term water heaters; Gas appliances shall be installed by units with professional qualifications, and shall not be installed, dismantled or modified by themselves. Flue gas water heaters (natural exhaust type, which often leads to poisoning accidents due to improper material and installation of exhaust pipe or backward flow of flue gas), forced exhaust type (forced exhaust of flue gas through exhaust pipe) and balanced type (air inlet comes in from outside through the equipment's own pipe, and flue gas is directly discharged to the outside through exhaust pipe) should be directly communicated with the outdoor atmosphere, and should not be discharged into indoor flue and closed corridor to prevent backward flow of flue gas or through the air inlet. Similarly, the flue gas discharge port of the gas appliance should not be adjacent to the air inlet of the air conditioner.
3. When driving, don't let the engine idle for a long time; Don't use the air conditioner for too long when parking; When driving, you should always use external circulation to make the air inside and outside the car convection. If you feel dizzy, heavy and tired when driving or riding an air-conditioned car, you should open the window in time to breathe fresh air. If the driver is not suitable for parking and rest.
4, conditional, should be installed in the living place where carbon monoxide gas may exist carbon monoxide concentration detection alarm.
Treatment measures of carbon monoxide poisoning:
1, immediately open the doors and windows for ventilation. Patients who are still conscious and have mild symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning should be quickly moved to a place with fresh air circulation, stay in bed, keep quiet and pay attention to keep warm.
2. For patients who are unconscious, the respiratory tract should be unobstructed and the head should be tilted to one side to prevent vomiting from inhaling into the respiratory tract and causing suffocation.
3. For people in coma or convulsion, an ice pack can be placed on the head to reduce brain edema.
4. Patients with symptoms of deep carbon monoxide poisoning, such as unconsciousness, should be quickly sent to a hospital with hyperbaric oxygen treatment conditions, and the patients should be treated by professional medical staff through symptomatic drugs and professional equipment.
Safety knowledge of preventing non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning
In daily life, under what circumstances will carbon monoxide be produced?
1. In our daily life, if the fuel containing carbon is not fully burned, carbon monoxide will be produced.
2, back to Nantian, the weather is cold, people are used to closing doors and windows. At this time, using gas stoves or charcoal fire or coal stove for heating, boiling water and barbecue will gradually reduce the oxygen content in indoor air and produce carbon monoxide.
3. When gas cookers, water heaters and automobile engines are in poor working conditions, the ratio of fuel to air will change, resulting in insufficient air supply and carbon monoxide.
4, artificial gas (not liquefied gas and natural gas) itself contains carbon monoxide, if it leaks, it will also make carbon monoxide exist indoors.
Mother's Day
Q: What are the symptoms and hazards of carbon monoxide poisoning?
A: Carbon monoxide poisoning can damage the central nervous system, respiratory system and circulatory system of human body, with symptoms such as headache, dizziness, insomnia, blurred vision, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, general fatigue, tachycardia and transient fainting, which can lead to coma and death in severe cases.
Mother's Day
Q: How to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning?
A: Ventilation is the key to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
1, when using gas stoves, gas water heaters, charcoal fires and coal stoves, indoor ventilation should be maintained; Try to use external circulation when driving, so that there is enough fresh air in the living place.
2. Do not use unqualified (eliminated or expired) gas stoves and gas water heaters.
3. When using the gas stove, the air valve should be adjusted to make the burning flame transparent blue, the flame should not be manganese, and the core part of the flame should touch the bottom of the pot.
4, in addition to the fully enclosed gas water heater, shall not be installed in the bathroom. The flue gas generated by other types of gas water heaters should be discharged to the outside in time, and it is not allowed to flow back to the room.
Mother's Day
Q: There is carbon monoxide poisoning. How to treat it?
Answer: 1. Open the doors and windows immediately. Patients with mild symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning but still conscious should be quickly transferred to places with fresh air or circulation; You can stay in bed, keep quiet and keep warm.
2. Quickly untie the underwear, bra and belt of the poisoned person. Keep the poisoned person breathing smoothly.
3. For patients who are unconscious, the respiratory tract should be unobstructed and the head should be tilted to one side to prevent vomiting from inhaling into the respiratory tract and causing suffocation.
4. If the poisoned person is unconscious, gently lay it flat, wipe your mouth and give artificial respiration. At the same time, I immediately asked 120 medical emergency center for help and sent it to a hospital with a hyperbaric oxygen chamber nearby for emergency treatment.