Part 1
In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy in various regions, the problem of environmental pollution is also becoming more and more serious, to protect the environment, to maintain the ecological balance has become the responsibility and obligation of each of our citizens, but also for the betterment of society is an important initiative!
What is the environment? From a philosophical point of view, the so-called environment, mainly refers to all the situations and conditions around the subject we are studying. For human beings, the environment refers to the synthesis of all external conditions in which people live and can influence them. Human life can not be separated from a good environment, in the millions of years of human history program, the environment plays a huge role in the creation of human civilization and progress.
Atmospheric resources, water resources, land resources, etc., are the material basis for the survival of mankind; and forest resources, mineral resources, and other resources for the continuous development of mankind to provide material to create a high degree of human civilization on earth. However, human beings in the development and utilization of environmental resources at the same time, but also to their own living environment has produced a series of environmental problems.
There are many pollutants around us that pollute the environment, such as: a large number of waste products, plastic bags, also known as white trash, disposable chopsticks, disposable lunch boxes, peelings and paper scraps. Pollutants to the environment, there is no doubt that there must be a great harm, for example, the rotting carcasses of animals will affect environmental health, but also breeding bacteria. Hotels, restaurants think very hygienic disposable wooden chopsticks, after the use of randomly thrown, affecting the appearance of the city, destroying the environment.
Now like our Liutong Township, Qingxiang Township, the grid department has recently removed the use of water spray machines. The use of water spraying machines on the environment is even worse, polluting water resources is very harmful to people's health. Human activities can cause a large amount of industrial, agricultural and domestic waste to be discharged into the water, making the water polluted. Another example is to say, our northern Bohai Bay by industrial, printing and dyeing factory waste discharge a large number of fish and shrimp deaths, regional farmers in Shanghai fishing, fish body contains a large number of chemical substances on people's health hazards. According to statistics, at present, the world's annual sewage discharged into the rivers, lakes and oceans of more than 420 billion cubic meters of sewage, polluted 5.5 trillion cubic meters of fresh water, which is equivalent to more than 14% of the total global runoff. 1984 promulgated by the Chinese People's Republic of China * * * and the State of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution for the "Water Pollution" under the definition of a clear, namely Water due to the intervention of a substance, which leads to its chemical, physical, biological or radioactive characteristics of the change, thereby affecting the effective use of water, endangering human health or damage to the ecological environment, resulting in the deterioration of water quality phenomenon known as water pollution. There are two types of water pollution: one is natural pollution; the other is man-made pollution. Currently more harmful to the water body is man-made pollution
Pollution. Water pollution can be divided into chemical pollution, physical pollution and biological pollution according to the different impurities of pollution.
Recently, I found that the *** department, Changyi Bureau of Sanitation began to vigorously improve the environment, along the streets of the pollutant sources, Qingxiang Street is also placed at the point of convenient garbage cans, replacing the original garbage around the street, the stench of the situation. Villages began to rectify the pollution sources in the village environment, so that the streets and villages a new look! And this is not the main, more important is that each of us consciously protect the environment, to protect the home we rely on, in order for us more of our future generations, set a good example, laying a good foundation, so that our homes are more beautiful, more colorful!
So what! The environment and our lives are closely related to the protection of environmental health from me, from now on: do not spit; do not litter; discarded batteries and plastic bags to be dealt with; more planting, do not trample on the lawn; do not pollute the water. Protecting the environment is our responsibility! Look at your action!
Suggestions: family life in the plastic bottle can be made into decorations, recyclable items can be sold, in exchange for money to buy practical things is not very good? Disposable wooden chopsticks disinfected and cleaned can be made into decorations, you can also open a small store to make a lot of money! Waste as precious treasure, so that their mood more comfortable, so that their hearts more pure, so that their families more cozy!
Investigation location: campus
Investigation time: xx xx month xx day
According to the teacher's request, I investigated the campus environment.
The investigation is as follows:
1, several large garbage cans often have waste liquid out.
2, flowers and plants are not often trimmed and watered, and appear to be disorganized.
3, the pool water is too dirty, the water does not flow, resulting in a lot of dirt floating on the surface.
4, some places are overgrown with weeds, waste accumulation, no one to clean.
5, the campus in and out of more vehicles, resulting in noise, exhaust pollution and other problems.
6, the toilet hygiene cleaning is not timely, there is no special toilet cleaning tools.
7, the window sill is too dirty, students tend to hit everything on it.
8, the serious blackboard scribbling
Part 2
I. The topic of the proposed
In today's rapid economic development, all aspects of the achievements have been gratifying. People's material civilization continues to improve, people are living a well-off life, at the same time, because people do not have a strong sense of environmental protection, facing very serious environmental problems. In order to make our living environment more beautiful, in order to make Fusong beautiful image forever, in this regard, we have investigated the county environmental issues.
Second, the scope of the survey
streets, garbage
waste disposal points, crowd gathering points
Third, the survey method
field survey
public opinion survey Interviews with the relevant departments
Fourth, the survey situation
At present, the environmental problem has become a global problem, environmental problems in our county is also serious. On the afternoon of February 3, I launched a survey of the streets, along the East Market Road, we found that piles of garbage along the roadside gathered into a "mountain", the main reason for the formation of this scene is due to the roadside residents indiscriminately dumping garbage, caused by the day after day. Some even blocked the gutter, so that the water flow can not be unimpeded, stinking water flowed into the street, affecting passers-by walking, affecting the beauty of the environment. People always spit when they pass by the garbage. It is good in winter, but in summer, mosquitoes and flies spread diseases and pollute the fresh air, which also brings a lot of inconvenience to the surrounding residents. It can be seen that the city's solid waste pollution is serious. But the situation of atmospheric pollution can not be ignored as well! On the afternoon of February 5, we investigated the small square of the market, the school near the heating plant of atmospheric pollution. The factory was constantly emitting dirty gas into the air. We followed the smoke as we approached the heating plant and found the situation here even more appalling. First of all, the inside of the plant was very smoky, and the smoke was so heavy that it seemed to be collapsing, and the trees around the plant, which were "all black", were struggling to die. At the same time, the phenomenon of soil erosion also exists. In ----, piles of garbage, resulting in the destruction of vegetation, to be heavy rainfall, the vegetation is washed away. Trash Source: *** trash, loess, sediment downstream, aggregated into a "small yellow river", seriously damaging the environment. Plus channel this area due to the destruction of vegetation, sunny days, dusty, to the downpour, water with sediment from the top down to the road, impeding the flow of vehicles, passers-by walking.
V. Survey results
Through the above survey, it can be seen that the city's environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious. Especially air pollution, factories unchecked smoke emissions into the fresh air, not only seriously pollute the air, but also affect people's health. Second is solid waste pollution, "disposable lunch boxes", "plastic bags and so on" white pollution to the city's beautification has brought some impact. People spitting, littering, littering and other phenomena have also become an aspect of environmental pollution. In addition, soil erosion also accounts for a certain percentage.
Six, the results of the analysis
In summary, we have recognized the harmful effects of environmental pollution and environmental damage, we will analyze the above several situations.
Atmospheric pollution: according to the relevant departments, the emissions of township industry is 21.46 million tons, accounting for 67.3% of the total emissions. The national exhaust gas emissions of sulfur dioxide emissions of 19.95 million tons, soot emissions totaled 11.65 million tons. It can be seen that air pollution to the country's harm is great, corporate waste pollution of farmland, irrigation water and drinking water, corporate waste gas pollution of the air. Residents often feel suffocation and severe pain in the throat, and the incidence of bronchitis and lung disease is significantly higher than in other regions. According to statistics, China's annual losses due to environmental pollution amount to 36 billion yuan, and losses due to ecological damage amount to 50 billion yuan. In 1990 alone, there were 3,462 pollution accidents nationwide. According to 1994 statistics, the country's annual emissions of 36 billion tons of wastewater, waste gas 8,241.3 billion cubic meters, 45.45 million tons of industrial solid waste.
Environmental pollution and damage to mankind has brought serious harm, and even threaten the survival of mankind as a whole; environmental issues must be attached importance to the prevention and control, or the consequences are unimaginable.
VII. Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusion: To fully understand the role of the ecological environment, ecological balance of human production, the significance of life, to fully understand the serious harm of environmental pollution and destruction, to y understand the severity of the environmental situation in our country, to prevent and control the urgency of environmental pollution and destruction, but also in the minds of the mind firmly set up the concept of protecting the environment, and actively participate in the love of the environment, protect the environment in practical action. The first step is to make sure that you have a good understanding of the environment, and that you are able to take the necessary steps to protect it.
After discussion, we came up with the following suggestions:
1 for the factory smoke cooker should be built high, the conditions of the application of modern high-tech technology machine production, device muffler.
2 to prevent and control air pollution.
3 Manage the environment in accordance with the law, every citizen should follow the system stipulated in China's environmental protection law, starting with me.
4 Improve the citizens' concept of environmental protection, environmental protection quality.
5 We actively plant trees, plant more green plants, and rationally use natural resources.
Part 3
According to the unified deployment of the party branch of the Municipal Urban Management and Law Enforcement Bureau, "in-depth study and practice the scientific concept of development", the city's environmental health management research. Now the research report is as follows:
In recent years, the city's environmental health undertakings in the municipal party committee, the city ***, the municipal construction committee, the municipal Urban Management and Law Enforcement Bureau and other leaders at all levels of care, attention and support, there has been a significant development, road sweeping and cleaning from the beginning of the establishment of the city of 1.1 million m2 to the current increase of more than 324.6 million m2, the amount of garbage transported by the 120 tons / day to the current 300 tons / day, specializing in sanitation and hygiene. More than tons / day, the number of special vehicles for sanitation increased from 30 to 43, the number of garbage transfer stations increased from 18 to 78, to create a good urban environment has made a positive contribution. But in the sanitation management system, the implementation of mechanisms and so on, there are still many problems have not been well solved, restricting the further development of environmental sanitation. Realize the scientific development of sanitation, is to take the scientific concept of development as a guide, the establishment of sanitation "money for things" mechanism, to solve the difficult problems plaguing the development of environmental sanitation, and constantly improve the level of urban environmental health management for the general public to create a good living and working environment.
First, the current situation of sanitation work.
A basic situation. Suizhou City Sanitation Department of the existing cadres and workers 805 people, including: 503 official employees including 182 retired, 302 temporary workers, daily cleaning cleaning area of 3,246,000m2, the daily transportation of more than 300 tons of garbage, garbage removal rate of 100%, 0.7 million tons of feces emptying, sprinkling dust 37,000 tons, management of flushing public toilets 28, 78 garbage transfer station, sanitation Specialized vehicles 43, 1 garbage disposal site.
Second management mode of operation. In the internal management, since 20xx, the establishment of the "three-tier system of responsibility" and the road section chief "trinity" management mode, namely: the sanitation department will be the right to use labor, payroll rights, work management rights down to the team, so that the team to become an independent business, self-development of the Unincorporated entities, the team and then according to the cleaning cleaning area, cleaning unit and fee collection area into a number of sections of bundles, these sections of bundles in the internal staff through public bidding, auction to the section chief, the section chief is responsible for the jurisdiction of the sweeping, cleaning, charging, so that the formation of the section chief to the captain is responsible for the captain of the responsible for the Department of the three-tier management responsibility system, change the "We all eat, collective work," the negative, inert thinking, the formation of a "jack of all trades, each head of the target" of the competitive incentive mechanism.
However, the sanitation department implemented this mode of operation is only between the planned economy and the market economy, a form of management, only in the planned economic system to maximize the reform, far from reaching the market requirements. Because according to the market-oriented operation, must establish independent accounting, self-financing, entrepreneurial implementation of the management mechanism, and my subordinate departments are non-independent accounting of unincorporated units, it is difficult to independently assume the corresponding responsibilities, rights and benefits, is still essentially a government-enterprise is not divided, the management of the dry is not divided by the "pot rice" system, thus limiting the further deepening and development of the reform of sanitation, it is impossible to achieve market-oriented reform. Deepening and development, it is impossible to meet the requirements of marketization.
Three personnel and preparation. The original Suizhou city editorial committee to the city of sanitation division of 212 people, to the Suizhou city upgraded 11 years, the urban construction area in the expansion, road in the extension of the rise, the amount of garbage in the increase in the management in the strengthening, but the sanitation staffing has not been increased. 2016 after the establishment of the prefecture-level Suizhou city, the sanitation of the fixed 170, the establishment of the not only failed to increase, but reduced by 42, the expansion of the operation area, the operation of the staffing situation reduced. The situation of reduced staffing.
According to the Ministry of Construction, "the national city of urban environmental health unified labor quota" standard and sanitation actual workload measurement, the main urban area should be equipped with road sweeping, garbage collection and transportation, feces collection and transportation, garbage transfer, garbage and feces treatment, public toilet management and cleaning of various types of production personnel 1291 people. But the City Sanitation Department now only production, management personnel 623 people, excluding retirees, according to the existing operating areas, workload measurement, the lack of 668 people, due to serious shortage of staffing, sanitation workers have long been overloaded with labor without Sundays, holidays, a person to do two people's work, greatly affecting the stability of the workforce and the production of work in the normal course of the work.
Four funding income and expenditure. Over the years, the sanitation funding has been seriously inadequate, the staff treatment is extremely low, the reason is: although the sanitation department for the full-funded institutions, but the financial sector has been the implementation of the 170-person establishment of the funding package, due to the number of personnel, the establishment of a small number, resulting in a large shortfall in funding. Such as: 20xx, the financial allocation of 3.09 million yuan including fuel subsidies and other special expenses, extrabudgetary income of 5.89 million yuan, a total of 8.98 million yuan; but the Sanitation Department in 20xx expenditure requirements of 17.179 million yuan, of which: 7.685 million yuan of wages of the regular staff on duty, social security fees 3.01 million yuan, temporary workers wages of 2.61 million yuan, the wages of retired staff 1.594 million yuan, the production costs 1.5 million yuan, facilities maintenance costs of 300,000 yuan, 480,000 yuan of extrabudgetary regulatory funds. The shortfall in funding is 8.199 million yuan.
Second, the main problems.
From the actual point of view of sanitation work, there are mainly the following aspects of the outstanding problems, restricting the level of environmental health improvement.
1. The system is not smooth, the overall management level is not high. The city's urban sanitation management system is still inherited from the management system of the planned economy era, the main manifestation of the government and enterprises are not divided, the management of a dry, in the management of the existence of responsibilities, rights and benefits of the problem, not only can not adapt to the needs of the market economy, but also to limit the further deepening of the sanitation reform.
2. Mechanisms are not active, sanitation production level is not high. Due to the small number of sanitation staffing, and the financial sector is based on the establishment of the appropriation, the annual financial budget, due to the small number of sanitation staffing and can not increase the budgeted funds. Limited financial allocations not only make the sanitation management department appear "money to feed people can not live, work without money no one to do" situation, and because of the existing staff long-term overload, the front-line production staff "fatigue officers do not work well, hire officers to look for everywhere," so that sanitation The department has to put part of its energy on how to "support people", and it is even more difficult to achieve the purpose of "supporting things with money". Because the sanitation department is always for the financial constraints, can not go all out to grasp the management, it is difficult to ensure the quality of sanitation production, thus affecting the overall quality of urban health.
3. Retired workers, the unit is overburdened. Sanitation Department of the existing 182 retired workers, and will gradually increase. Although I bought a pension insurance and medical insurance for employees, but because of the insurance is based on the 1997 employee payroll base to pay the full payment of 2 million yuan / year, the actual payment of 820,000 yuan / year, the social security department only part of the retired workers issued retirement, and the personnel department of the difference between the approved retirement, by the sanitation department of the self-funded supplemental payment, the sanitation department of the annual supplemental payment of the retirement costs of more than 700,000 yuan. And after the retirement of the old workers, production jobs to new temporary workers on board, the financial sector and no increase in funding, "more monks, less porridge" phenomenon is becoming more and more prominent, the funding gap is getting bigger and bigger, the unit burden is also getting heavier and heavier.
4. Labor intensity, low treatment of employees. Although the city's sanitation workers workload, perennial overload labor, to ensure that the level of sanitation production, but the labor of sanitation workers to make and enjoy the treatment is inversely proportional. In the province, Suizhou sanitation presents "two high and two low" situation: a high level of business. Suizhou current management system and the implementation of the mechanism, our road sweeping and cleaning, garbage removal and other production, the level of service has been higher than the same conditions in other cities; two is the extra-budgetary income is high. Suizhou domestic waste disposal fee collection rate of 37%, in the province at the leading level; Third, low political treatment. All of the prefecture-level city sanitation department minimum are deputy units, and the city's sanitation department is only section-level units; Fourth, low wages. 20xx December 1, 20xx, the city sanitation department to adjust the sweeping operation time and manner, from 5:00-22:30 all-weather operation, sweepers work up to 9.5 hours a day. Adjustment of time at the beginning of the temporary workers hired to leave half, the reason is the labor intensity, treatment is too low. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the cleaning reform, the city sanitation department in the case of very difficult financial situation, the cleaning post temporary workers wages have been adjusted upward to 500 ~ 600 yuan / month, even so it is not easy to hire, and hired are older age structure, poorer health personnel, not only the quality of work is difficult to ensure that the normal management of the great difficulty.
Third, on the city's sanitation work recommendations and ideas
In order to promote the benign development of the sanitation cause, improve the level of environmental hygiene management, to create a clean, beautiful urban habitat, must be in accordance with the requirements of the scientific concept of development, the establishment of sanitation work "money to support the matter" mechanism, in order to make the funds for sanitation To be guaranteed, to solve the production and management unit charges to support the shortcomings of people, and promote the healthy development of sanitation.
A deepening of institutional reform, the separation of government and enterprises, management and dry separation. Sanitation cause to develop, market-oriented operation is the way to go, in order to adapt to the needs of the market economy from the system, it is necessary to change the status quo of the current government-enterprise separation, the establishment of the Bureau of Sanitation Deputy Directorate, under the three a team of sections: sweeping management office, clearing management office, charge management office, comprehensive law enforcement brigade. By the Division according to business needs to set up a number of companies, the company's implementation of entrepreneurial management, all according to the rules of the market economy, the implementation of responsibility, rights, benefits **** enjoy.
Second, take the road to marketization, the establishment of sanitation operations, "money for things" mechanism. Mainly in accordance with the current volume of sanitation work approved production funding, and included in the budget, as follows:
1. Implementation of the "money to support the work of" positions and methods
(1) road sweeping and cleaning. According to the road cleaning cleaning area accounting cleaning production funds, in accordance with the standard of 2.6 yuan / m2, drawing on the minimum standards of sister counties and cities, the current urban area of 3,246,000 m2 cleaning cleaning area of 8.44 million yuan of annual production funds, the full amount of this funding included in the financial budget. In order to facilitate the operation, the public auction, personnel wage standards are based on temporary workers 755 yuan / month accounting basic salary of 500 yuan + social insurance costs of 135 yuan + tool fee of 20 yuan + holiday overtime of 100 yuan, personnel funds are included in the road public auction funds, by the winning company specific operations, but the temporary workers wages should be adjusted in a timely manner with the national policy.
(2) road sprinkler pressure dust. 3 sprinkler annual requirement of 184,000 yuan, this provision is included in the annual budget of the financial year.
(3) garbage removal
Mechanical removal. According to the garbage tonnage accounting for mechanical transportation costs, according to 16.26 yuan / ton? Monthly standard, the urban area every day according to 300 tons of garbage calculation, the annual cost of 1.78 million yuan, this funding is included in the annual financial budget.
Human transportation. According to the manpower handling tonnage accounting for the cost of cleaning, the standard is 8.12 yuan / ton, according to the urban area daily manpower handling 201.8 tons of garbage, the need for funding 598,000 yuan / year, the cost of this included in the annual financial budget.
(4) garbage site management. Urban existing garbage transfer station 78, according to each 1.5 sites set up a calculation, should be equipped with site administrator 52 people, personnel salary standards are based on temporary workers 755 yuan / month accounting for the basic salary of 500 yuan + social insurance costs of 135 yuan + tool fee of 20 yuan + overtime on holidays 100 yuan, requiring funding 471,000 yuan / year, the funds are included in the financial year budget.
(5) garbage disposal site implementation. Garbage disposal site daily sewage disinfection, facilities maintenance, vehicle maintenance, fuel consumption and other implementation costs of 427,000 yuan / year, included in the fiscal year budget.
(6) public toilet management. The city's existing public toilets 28, all free toilets, in accordance with every 2 public toilets equipped with a managerial staff calculation, should be equipped with public toilets administrators 14 people, personnel salary standards are based on temporary workers 755 yuan / month accounting basic salary of 500 yuan + social insurance costs of 135 yuan + tool fee of 20 yuan + holiday overtime of 100 yuan, the need for funding 127,000 yuan / year, the cost of this cost is included in the fiscal year budget. .
(7) living garbage disposal fee collection. Strict implementation of the two-line management regulations, the collection of domestic garbage disposal fees paid in full to the city treasury. According to the amount of fee collection accounting fee staff wages, including large fee staff wage accounting standards for each hundred yuan fee task 7.74 yuan wages, according to the 20xx fee task 2.81 million yuan, the need for funding 217,500 yuan/year; tipping fee staff wage accounting standards for each hundred yuan fee task 17.83 yuan wages, according to the 20xx fee task 868,000 yuan, the need for funding 15.5 million yuan / year, a total of 372,500 yuan / year, this provision is included in the annual budget of the financial year.
2. The implementation of the funding of personnel and methods
(1) sanitation monitoring and law enforcement management. Comprehensive law enforcement brigade to assume the responsibility of supervision and management, personnel wages and vehicle fuel consumption and other costs 324,000 yuan / year, this cost is included in the annual financial budget.
(2) agency personnel according to the number of people accounted for by the number of files salary, the need for funding 294,000 yuan / year, included in the fiscal year budget.
3. The implementation of financial accounting personnel and methods
(1) the above road sweeping, sprinkler pressure dust, garbage removal, site management, garbage disposal site management, public toilet management, the cost of these six positions accounting staff wages are measured according to the temporary workers 755 yuan / month, for the above six positions of the existing 260 full-time employees, in order to resolve the contradiction, the approach to take the wage gap, that is: regular employees are still according to the file salary. That is: regular employees are still according to the file salary average 1290 yuan / person? Monthly cash, according to the number of regular workers on board, according to 535 yuan / person? Monthly 1290-755 standard by the financial additionally paid, the annual requirement of 1.669 million yuan.
(3) the cost of insurance for sanitation workers into the financial budget. According to the relevant provisions of the state file, fully funded institutions of old age, medical and other insurance costs borne by the financial sector, therefore, should be sanitation official employees social insurance costs of 2.15 million yuan / year into the full budget of the financial; at the same time, every retirement of an official employee, by the financial commitment to the corresponding costs, and does not reduce the normal funding of sanitation.
The above positions, personnel in accordance with the market-oriented operation mechanism of the money to support things, the annual requirement of 19.106 million yuan, which does not include the wages of front-line managers.
Three establish the sanitation operation transfer system. With the rapid development of the city, the road area and the amount of garbage generated will certainly continue to increase, therefore, in increasing the amount of sanitation operations or supporting facilities delivery, should be based on the workload after the approval of funding, the implementation of the *** funding, operating departments bidding competition, finance, construction commission to strengthen supervision, in order to ensure that the new roads in a timely manner take over, to maintain a good environmental hygiene in urban areas look.