If you are a tender unit: go to the tender unit to get the corresponding tender requirements documents first. Prepare the enterprise qualification, make the tender, seal it, send it to the bidding unit, and wait for the bid opening meeting. The bid opening meeting needs to "sing the bid", that is, you need to explain your bidding documents, or wait for the bidding unit to ask questions. This link is similar to thesis defense. Then wait for the bid opening.
How to do a good job in technical bidding: mainly including the content of construction organization design. The technical part mainly includes the following contents.
1, construction deployment;
2, the construction site layout;
3. Construction scheme;
4, construction technical measures;
5, construction organization and construction schedule (including the division of construction period, the main process and labor arrangement, as well as the construction management organization or project intends to);
6. Construction machinery and equipment;
7. Quality assurance measures;
8, time limit for a project guarantee measures;
9, safety construction measures
10, civilized construction measures;
Role in bidding: after the design is determined, whether the enterprise can be selected depends on the economic tender. Among them, the problems are: 1. Difference of engineering quantity: there are many changes in architectural decoration, and there are often projects that are not within the quota, such as special-shaped decoration. How to embody the design intention and reduce the cost? 2. Material price difference: the material cost accounts for 60%~65% of the total cost, and the price difference of the same variety of materials is very large according to the design requirements, which has a great impact on the project cost. 3. Charge level: The country is now guiding the charge rate, and the charges are different with different levels of enterprise management. 4. Profit level: Some enterprises promise to make profits in bidding, and some enterprises make profits according to the project situation. For example, some enterprises are profitable because of the off-season or the owners have follow-up projects, so we should know this and that in bidding to determine the profit rate.
How to do logistics bidding only needs to go to o T M S, which contains a lot of information for bidding companies to choose from.
How to do bidding advertisements? 1. Division of procurement methods
In the market economy, there are many ways to purchase goods, civil engineering and services, including bidding, inquiry, direct procurement, auction, negotiation and bid negotiation. Among these procurement methods, bidding is open, transparent, fair and just. The principles of openness, fairness and impartiality should be strictly followed in all the steps, such as issuing tender advertisements, compiling tender documents, format and submission of tender documents, public bid opening, bid evaluation, award of contracts, and signing the winning contracts.
There are two types of bidding: first, according to the country where the bidder is registered, it is divided into domestic bidding and international bidding; Two, according to the number of bidders, there are two kinds of public bidding and limited (invited) bidding. Combining these two classification methods, there are four types of bids:
1. International public bidding. Publicly publish bidding advertisements and sell bidding documents at home and abroad, and accept bids written in English (or other languages specified in the bidding documents) by any qualified bidder at home and abroad.
2. Domestic public bidding. Publicly publish bidding advertisements and sell bidding documents in China, and accept bids from any domestic bidder.
3. International limited bidding. Instead of advertising, a limited number of bidders (including domestic bidders) are directly invited to participate in the bidding competition internationally. Except that there is no advertisement, the procedure of limiting bidding is the same as that of public bidding.
4. Limited domestic bidding. Without advertising, several domestic bidders are directly invited to participate in the bidding.
Judging from the implementation steps, the above bidding can be divided into "one-step bidding method" and "two-step bidding method":
One-step bidding method refers to the tenderer's one-time bid price and technical response, followed by bid opening, bid evaluation and award. This is a widely used method.
Two-step bidding method refers to the bidder's first technical response (no quotation). After the bid opening, the tenderer studies and analyzes various bidding technical schemes, selects and eliminates unqualified bidding schemes, and can conduct technical clarification or negotiation, and then balance and synthesize, modify the original bidding documents, write new bidding technical specifications and send them to qualified bidders. This is the first step. The second step is the same-step bidding method. According to the new technical specifications for bidding, the bidders quote their own technical response and bid price. After the bid is closed, the tenderee organizes business and technical review, then calculates the bid evaluation price of each bidder, and determines the winning bidder according to the principle of the lowest bid evaluation price. The two-step bidding method is not often used, and it is only used for the procurement of goods with complex technology and high technology content and the bidding of civil engineering with difficult determination of engineering quantity and complicated construction.
Judging from the bidding situation of international financial organizations and foreign loan projects, international bidding is more acceptable to member States than domestic bidding. Because in international bidding, goods manufacturers, traders and civil engineering contractors of member countries have equal opportunities to participate in bidding competition, while in domestic bidding, only domestic manufacturers and contractors of borrowing countries can win, and it is difficult for other member countries to participate in domestic bidding competition of borrowing countries.
In international bidding, open bidding (or competitive bidding) is extensive competition or unlimited, and interested bidders from all member countries can freely participate in the competition. Limited bidding means that the tenderer directly invites several bidders to participate in the bidding, and the potential bidders or countries that are not invited may raise dissatisfaction and doubt whether they have been treated unfairly.
The funds of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank come from the share capital contributed by the member countries, and the use of the funds is subject to the supervision of the member countries. Banks also pay special attention to the use of funds for loan projects, so only international public bidding (or international competitive bidding) is the most reassuring and acceptable procurement method for member States and banks. Therefore, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have clearly defined the scope of application of international limited bidding and domestic bidding.
Generally speaking, international limited bidding is only applicable to the following three situations: ① the contract amount is small; ② The number of suppliers is limited; (3) There are reasons to justify not adopting international public bidding. When international limited bidding is adopted, domestic preferential provisions are not applicable. Domestic bidding is only applicable to the following four situations, and it is expected that foreign manufacturers will not be interested: ① the winning contract amount is small; (2) The scattered place or time of civil engineering may be delayed for a long time; ③ Civil engineering is labor-intensive; ④ The price of locally available goods or local civil works is lower than the international market price.
As for the procurement methods other than bidding, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank also have clear restrictions:
Inquiry procurement is to invite at least three suppliers from two member countries (including borrowing countries) to make quotations to ensure competitive prices. This procurement method is only applicable to a small number of shelf delivery or the procurement of goods specified in the standard.
Direct procurement means signing contracts directly with suppliers or civil contractors, which is not competitive at all. This procurement method is only applicable to the following five situations: ① Renew the signed contract for goods or civil works according to the procedures accepted by the bank, so as to purchase or build more goods or civil works of similar nature. In this case, the bank should be satisfied that further competition will not gain any benefits and the renewal price is reasonable. (2) In order to match the existing equipment, the standardization of equipment or spare parts can be used as a legitimate reason to increase the order of the original supplier. The conditions that justify direct procurement should be: the original equipment must be applicable; The number of new projects should generally be less than the existing number; The price should be reasonable; The buyer has considered and denied the benefits of purchasing from other manufacturers or equipment sources, and the reasons for refusal are acceptable to the bank. ③ The required equipment is monopolized and can only be obtained from a single source. (4) The contractor in charge of process design requires to purchase key components from specific suppliers as a condition for ensuring efficiency. There are special circumstances, such as dealing with natural disasters.
In addition to inquiry procurement and direct procurement, the World Bank procurement guide also allows two procurement methods:
(1) Self-operated project, that is, the borrower uses his own personnel and equipment to carry out the construction, which may be the only feasible way to undertake some kinds of civil engineering. Self-operated projects are only applicable to the following situations: ① The quantities involved cannot be determined in advance; (2) The project is small and scattered, or located in a remote area, and it is unlikely that a qualified construction company will bid at a reasonable price; (3) Construction is required without affecting daily operation; (4) It is more appropriate for the borrower to bear the inevitable risk of work interruption than the contractor; ⑤ An emergency requiring immediate action.
(2) Purchasing from UN agencies. In some cases, it may be the most intensive to buy a small amount of goods delivered on the shelves from the United Nations specialized agencies (as suppliers) according to their own procedures (mainly used in the fields of education, health care, rural water supply and environmental sanitation). Br> From the above introduction, it can be seen that the procurement methods other than bidding (especially public bidding) are not widely used, but only within a certain scope. Public bidding is generally used to purchase goods, civil engineering and services with public funds. For loan projects borrowed from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, the purchase method should be approved by the bank, which should usually be clearly stipulated in the loan agreement and cannot be decided by the borrower.
Japan Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund and Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development require the same procurement methods as ADB and World Bank, and international public bidding is the most commonly used method.
Second, the requirements of bidding and purchasing
Bidding, as a procurement method, can enable bidders to buy cheap and high-quality goods and give bidders a chance to compete fairly. But bidding also has its own shortcomings: ① it takes a long time; (2) Sometimes they buy high-priced goods instead. The reason is that the technical specifications in the tender are too high or suggest that the products of a certain manufacturer have harsh commercial terms, leaving the bidders with too great risks and unreasonable subcontracting, and the domestic products are disqualified from bidding because of improving performance requirements. (3) generally can't buy the best performance products.
It is very important to fully understand the characteristics of bidding for successful bidding. Generally speaking, there are roughly 14 rules for bidding:
Static purchasing
(1) After the bid opening, the contents of the tender documents and bid documents shall not be changed, nor shall the contents of the tender documents or bid documents be substantially changed by using the bid evaluation link after the bid opening.
(2) After the bid opening, the bid price shall not be changed. The tenderee cannot ask the bidder to change the price, nor does it allow the bidder to change the price voluntarily.
(3) When evaluating bids, the criteria for scrapping bids, bid evaluation factors and their quantitative calculation methods or specific scoring methods are formulated in advance and written into the tender, and shall not be changed after bid opening.
(4) After the bid opening and before the deadline of bid validity, the bidder shall not withdraw its bid. If they quit, the bid bond will be confiscated.
Static procurement is relative to negotiated procurement. Negotiation procurement is dynamic procurement. Today, the purchaser puts forward the purchase contents to the supplier, and tomorrow the supplier answers and puts forward the quotation scheme (including the technical scheme). The purchaser modifies the purchase requirements the day after tomorrow, and the supplier makes a new quotation. The purchaser can also change the purchase requirements and the supplier can re-quote. Repeatedly 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, bargaining back and forth. As for who to give the order to in the end, it depends entirely on the purchaser. Suppliers don't know what criteria buyers use to make decisions, and this procurement method lacks the essence of fairness, justice, openness and transparency. However, this cannot be done in bidding. According to the static characteristics, the tenderee should write his own purchasing intention and bid evaluation criteria completely and in detail in the tender documents, and shall not make any changes after the bid opening. This is the risk of the tenderer. Procurement requirements should be put forward reasonably and correctly, and the improvement will cost a high price; If it drops or leaks, you can't buy useful goods. Therefore, under the static characteristics, bidders have risks, and tenderers also have risks.
(2) Procurement in written form.
Bidding is a written-to-written business activity, which is invalid in words. The characteristics of its written trading activities are as follows:
(1) The bid inviter's purchase intention shall be written on paper, subject to the tender documents for public sale. If any modification or supplement is needed, all bidders who purchase the bidding documents shall be informed in writing within enough time before the deadline for bidding.
(2) If the tenderer's explanation of the contents of the tender documents and the requirements for bidders at the pre-bid meeting are taken as part of the tender documents, they shall be sent in writing to all bidders who have purchased the tender documents.
(3) After the bid opening, the tenderer will ask questions in writing and the bidder will answer them in writing.
(4) The bidder shall edit the tender in the language specified in the tender and print it out instead of writing it by hand.
(5) Every page of the bid document shall be signed by the bidder. If the signatory is not an enterprise legal person, the power of attorney of the legal representative of the enterprise shall be attached when bidding.
(3) Time is limited
Bidding has a strong timeliness. The sentence "Time is money" is clearly reflected in the bidding process, mainly in:
(1) The time for selling the tender is limited;
(2) There is an hour limit for the bid closing time;
(3) Setting the time for bid opening;
(4) The bid validity period is specified as a specific number of days from the date of bid opening;
(5) The validity period of the bid bond is also stipulated;
(6) After receiving the clarification notice, the bidder will reply to the clarification within the required time;
(7) The bidder must sign the bid-winning contract with the tenderer within a limited number of days from the date of receiving the bid-winning notice, and submit the performance bond within the specified time.
If the bidder fails to comply with the above time limit, its bid will be invalid or disqualified. These time regulations are marked with different days according to different standards, and not every standard is the same number of days.
(4) The bidder shall pay the bid bond.
All bidders participating in bidding activities must submit a bid bond and abide by the following principles:
(1) must be submitted and submitted at the same time as the tender;
(3) The agreed amount of the deposit must meet the requirements of the amount, only indispensable;
(4) The currency of the deposit must be consistent with the requirements of the tender;
(5) The deposit can be a bank guarantee or cash, confirmed check or cash check.
How to do the decoration bidding? Decoration bidding refers to the behavior that the tenderee (client) issues a tender notice to explain the project to be decorated and other conditions, and invites the designer to bid at the specified time and place according to certain procedures. At present, some decoration websites have collected a lot of the latest decoration bidding information, among which the more professional ones are: Wuhan home improvement line surfing the Internet.
Wuhan Zhuang Jie Online is a powerful overall decoration service provider in China at present, which implements "multi-brand strategy" to meet the different household consumption needs of the public. In major search engines (such as Baidu, Yahoo, Zhongsou, etc. ), keyword search ranked first. In addition, its powerful on-site search engine can search product library, company library, model house, supply and demand information, design photo album and home improvement information in all directions. And its powerful background management function of enterprise members can independently manage and update company information and product information. It is an e-commerce service platform with perfect framework, rich information and powerful functions.
Decoration bidding procedures are generally:
The tenderee's clients advertise or selectively invite relevant designers or decoration companies, and send or attach relevant drawings; The designer of the bidder shall submit the bidding design scheme as required; Then, under the auspices of a notary, the bid is evaluated, and those who fully meet the requirements are the successful bidders; Finally, the two sides signed a transaction contract.
Decoration bidding shall disclose the conditions and requirements of the project within a certain scope, invite a number of decoration companies to participate in the bidding, and select the trading objects from them according to the prescribed procedures.
If the decoration bidding project needs to go through the examination and approval procedures in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, it shall go through the examination and approval procedures first and obtain approval.
The decoration tenderer shall have the corresponding funds or sources of funds for the project subject to tender, and truthfully state them in the tender documents.
Decoration bidding is divided into public bidding and invitation bidding.
Public bidding for decoration means that the client invites unspecified designers or decoration companies to bid by means of tender announcement.
Decoration bidding means that a decoration tenderer invites a specific decoration company to bid by means of an invitation to bid.
Decoration bidding agency: the decoration tenderer has the right to choose a bidding agency and entrust it to handle bidding matters. A bidding agency is a social intermediary organization established according to law to engage in bidding agency business and provide services.
Decoration bidding: Bidding mainly faces one-to-many design projects, so a relatively large-scale project is needed to attract everyone's attention.
Now decoration bidding is mainly divided into two categories:
1, bidding in reality. This kind of bidding project is relatively large, which often attracts many powerful design companies to participate in the design.
2. Bidding for network decoration. Online decoration bidding mainly means that the owner sends out decoration bidding information, and the designer gives his own plan through the information. This one-to-many way is slowly being replaced by one-to-one design mode because of its low transparency and bad open letter.
How to do the bidding task book? Download a template and do it. Or Baidu's "bidding task book" format, and then work slowly.
How to make a tender catalogue? Tender cover requirements:
1, XXX procurement document
2. Project name
3. Project number
4. Name of purchasing agency
5. Date of signature.
(The name of the purchasing unit cannot be marked on the cover of the inquiry document)
How to bid for landscaping? 1. Landscaping project bidding and filing.
1. After the project approval document or annual investment plan of the landscaping project is issued, if it meets the requirements stipulated in the Measures for the Administration of Construction Projects, it shall apply to the landscaping administrative department for filing.
2. Landscaping project bidding scope:
1. 1 greening construction project: shipment, planting, maintenance and pruning of seedlings, flowers and lawns.
Tree transplantation and soil improvement projects;
1.2 rockery project: rocky mountain, earth-rock mountain project, rock piling, stone setting, plastic stone project, etc.
Cheng;
1.3 waterscape project: transform natural water bodies and artificially construct waterscape, including fountains, waterfalls and waterfalls.
Water and revetment works, etc. ;
1.4 garden civil installation works: garden roads and bridges, garden sketches, garden facilities, etc.
1.5 landscaping and maintenance of garden facilities.
3. The filing contents of landscaping projects mainly include: project name, construction site, investment scale, source of funds, project scale, contract awarding method, planned commencement and completion date, project preparation, etc.
4. Files to be submitted for project bidding filing:
4. 1 Notice of Approval for Construction Design of Supporting Greening Projects in Chongqing issued by the landscaping administrative department;
4.2 Legal person qualification certificate;
4.3 project approval document or annual investment plan;
4.4 proof of funds;
4.5 Construction drawings and technical data that meet the needs of bidding;
4.6 has signed a contract for construction supervision of landscaping works;
4.7 Qualification of the tendering agency and agency contract with the project owner.
5. The landscaping project bidding procedures:
The construction unit shall fill in the unified format of Chongqing Landscaping Project Construction Bidding Record Form, which shall be submitted to the landscaping administrative department together with the documents to be submitted for review after being approved by the superior competent department.
After the bidding for landscaping projects is put on record, a construction project that meets the bidding conditions stipulated in the Measures for the Administration of Bidding for Construction Projects may begin to apply for the qualification examination of the construction unit.
Two. Preparation and filing of prequalification documents and bidding documents
1. Pre-qualification documents (not available when bidding)
When prequalification is adopted in public bidding, only qualified construction units can participate in bidding; For public bidding without prequalification, the tenderer shall meet the requirements of the bidding documents.
(The tenderers who adopt invitation to bid carefully examine the qualifications of the construction units to be invited to bid, and there should be more than three invited tenderers. )
Bidding units that adopt prequalification need to prepare prequalification documents and bidding documents with reference to standard templates, but prequalification is not open to public bidding, only bidding documents need to be prepared. Pre-qualification documents and bidding documents shall be submitted to the garden bidding management institution for examination and approval, and the pre-qualification announcement and bidding announcement can be issued only after the approval of filing.
2. Bidding documents
The tenderer shall, according to the specific conditions of the project, prepare the tender documents with reference to the Model Tender Documents, and put them on record before release.
3. Instructions for the preparation of bidding documents
3. 1 bid evaluation principles and methods
3.2 Bid price
3.2. 1 For projects that are generally not too complicated or have a construction period of less than 12 months, a fixed price can be adopted, and a certain risk factor can be considered.
3.2.2 For complex or large-scale projects whose construction period exceeds 12 months, price adjustment shall be adopted. The bidding documents shall clearly specify the price control method and adjustment scope.
3.3 Calculation basis of bid price
In the tender documents, the calculation basis of the tender price should be made clear, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
3.3. 1 engineering valuation category;
3.3.2 Implementation of quota standards and charging standards;
3.3.3 Implementation of policy adjustment documents for labor, materials and mechanical equipment;
3.3.4 Valuation methods of materials and equipment and responsibilities for procurement, transportation and storage;
Bill of quantities.
3.4 The time limit for a project in the bidding documents shall be determined with reference to the time limit quota promulgated by the state or local government. If the required time limit is shorter than the time limit quota, the cost of measures to speed up the work should be calculated. The cost of measures to speed up the progress of the project shall be stated in the tender documents.
3.5 If the project cannot be completed according to the contract time limit for a project due to the reasons of the construction unit, the cost of overtime measures shall be deducted, and at the same time, the losses caused to the construction unit due to the delay in the construction period shall be compensated. The calculation method or provisions of loss expenses shall be specified in the tender documents.
3.6 If the construction unit requires completion and delivery in advance according to the contract time limit, it should consider adopting the early time limit award, and the calculation method of the early time limit award should be specified in the bidding documents.
3.7 Bid Preparation Time
The bidding preparation time should be clearly specified in the bidding documents, that is, the time limit from the date of issuance of the bidding documents to the deadline for bidding. The tenderee shall determine the tender preparation time according to the specific conditions of the project.
3.8 Bid bond
3.8. 1 The amount of bid bond shall be specified in the bid documents, and generally it shall not exceed 2% of the total bid price. The bid bond can be cash, check or bank draft. It can also be a bank guarantee issued by the bank.
3.8.2 The bid bond shall be valid for more than 28 days.
3.9 Performance guarantee
The winning bidder shall submit the performance guarantee to the tenderer in accordance with the regulations, which can be a bank guarantee or a performance guarantee.
The performance guarantee rate is:
3.9. 1 The bank guarantee issued by the bank is 5% of the contract price;
3.9.2 The performance bond is 10% of the contract price.
3. 10 bid validity period
The validity period of bidding should be determined according to the project situation, and the validity period of bidding for small and medium-sized projects with less complexity can be set within 28 days; The validity period of bidding for complex large-scale projects can be set within 56 days.
3. 1 1 Procurement and supply of materials or equipment
The responsibility for purchasing, transporting and storing materials or equipment shall be clearly specified in the bidding documents. If the construction unit provides materials or equipment, it shall list the name, variety or model, quantity, date of provision and delivery place of the materials or equipment. The pricing and settlement refund methods of materials or equipment provided by the bidder shall also be clearly stipulated in the bidding documents.
3. 12 bill of quantities
According to the unified project division promulgated by the state, the tenderer shall unify the unit of measurement and the unified calculation rules of engineering quantity, calculate the engineering quantity according to the construction drawings, and provide it to the tenderer as the basis for bidding quotation. The settlement and payment of project funds should be based on the actual engineering quantity.
Three. Issue information review notice and tender announcement (when inviting tenders, it refers to "issuing bid invitation letter")
Public bidding will release information in the tangible construction market in Chongqing, and at the same time, "Pre-qualification Announcement" or "Bidding Announcement" will be released in Chongqing Business Daily, Chongqing Construction Engineering Information Network or Chongqing Landscape Architecture Network.
Four. Pre-qualification (none at the time of bidding)
1. When prequalification is conducted by public bidding, the roster of qualified applicants is determined by comparing and analyzing the prequalification documents and materials submitted by the applicants, and the roster is reported to the garden bidding management institution for the record.
2. After being filed by the garden bidding management institution, the tendering unit will issue a prequalification notice to all qualified applicants. After receiving the pre-qualification notice, the applicant shall confirm in writing, receive the bidding documents, drawings and relevant technical materials within the specified time, and submit the effective bidding documents before the deadline for bidding.
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