The second environmental problems caused by human factors are specifically manifested in the following three aspects:
Making changes in environmental factors
Human production activities and living activities produce a large amount of exhaust gas, wastewater, and wastes, which are constantly discharged into the environment, deteriorating the quality of the environment and producing near-term or far-term effects, so that ecological equilibrium is out of balance or destroyed. In addition, it is the irrational use of natural resources by human beings, such as blindly clearing land, indiscriminate deforestation, and overloading of grasslands.
Changes in biological species
In an ecosystem, the blind addition of a species may upset the ecological balance. For example, the Weyland Canal, which was dug in 1929 in the United States, communicated the inland water system with the ocean, which led to the entry of octopus eel into the inland water system, and reduced the annual production of trout from 20 million kg to 5,000 kg, which seriously damaged the aquatic resources. Reducing one species in an ecosystem may also jeopardize the ecological balance. In mainland China, sparrows were hunted and killed in large quantities in the 1950s, resulting in serious pests in some areas. The reason for this was that the natural enemy of the pests, the sparrows, were killed and the pests lost their natural inhibitors.
Destruction of information system
Biological organisms rely on information to maintain their clustering and normal reproduction. When a substance is artificially applied to the environment, which interferes with or destroys the information links between organisms, the ecological balance may be disrupted or destroyed. For example, there are many female insects in nature rely on the secretion and release of sex hormones to lure the male adults of the same species to come to the tail, if the pollutants emitted by people into the atmosphere can be chemically reacted with, the sex hormones will lose the physiological activity of the male insects, the result will inevitably affect the insects to the tail and reproduction, and finally lead to the decline in the number of populations and even disappeared.
(I) environmental pollution
l. Atmosphere
In 1992, the national exhaust gas emissions l0.5 million standard cubic meters (excluding township industries, the same below). Emission of 11.11 million tons of soot in the exhaust gas, an increase of 7.6% over the previous year; sulfur dioxide emissions of 16.85 million tons, an increase of 3.9% over the previous year; industrial dust emissions of 5.76 million tons, a decrease of 0.5% over the previous year.
Total suspended particulates in the atmosphere of the national average daily value of the range of 90 a 663 micrograms / cubic meter, the northern cities an average of 403 micrograms / cubic meter, compared with the previous year, a decline of 6.1%; southern cities an average of 243 micrograms / cubic meter, compared with the previous year, an increase of 8%. According to 67 cities, 51% of the annual daily average exceeded the standard, especially Jilin, Jinan, Taiyuan, Lanzhou, Baotou, Yan'an, Xi'an and other cities.
According to the statistics of 66 cities, the average value of the first half of the drop in 3.8 a 55.8 tons / km2? Months between, a slight increase over the previous year, than the city is significantly heavier than the southern cities. Dust fall annual average monthly value of 30 tons / square kilometer? months above the city of Sanming, Anshan, Changchun, Datong, Shijiazhuang, Harbin, Yinchuan, Jilin, Hegang, Shenyang, Lanzhou and Tangshan.
According to the statistics of 72 cities, the annual average daily value of sulfur dioxide ranges from 7-]63 micrograms per cubic meter, with an average of 97 micrograms per cubic meter in northern cities, and an average of 90 micrograms per cubic meter in southern cities, which is a slight increase compared with the previous year. Cities exceeding the national Level 3 standard included Guiyang, Chongqing, Taiyuan, Urumqi, Yibin, Nanchong, Jinan, Shizuishan, Qingdao, Tianjin, Changsha and Datong.
According to the statistics of 72 cities, the annual average daily value of nitrogen oxides ranges from l1 to 129 micrograms per cubic meter, with an average of 56 micrograms per cubic meter in the northern cities and 40 micrograms per cubic meter in the southern cities, which is basically the same as that of the previous year, among which Changchun, Jinan and Yuncheng are significantly more polluted, while Lanzhou, Baoji and Nanchong have improved.
In 2000, acid rain was still confined to localized areas. According to the statistics of 58 cities, the annual average value of precipitation pH ranged from 3.85 to 7.43, and the annual average value of pH less than 5.6 accounted for 52%, all of which were southern cities. Ganzhou, Changsha and Xiamen have a frequency of acid rain of more than 90%, and Nanchong, Yichang, Nanchang, Huaihua, Baise, Nanjing, Chongqing and Guangzhou have a frequency of more than 70%.
In 2000, after the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the Chinese government attached great importance to its international obligations and endeavored to promote environmental protection at home. Approved by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the General Office of the Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council forwarded the "Report on the Attendance at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development and Relevant Countermeasures" by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Environmental Protection Administration, which puts forward the ten major countermeasures in the field of environment and development in China, which is a major programmatic document for China's environmental protection work, and it is not only of practical significance in guiding the work but is also the future focus and direction of efforts for quite a long time. This is a major programmatic document for China's environmental protection work, which is not only of practical significance, but also the focus and direction of work in the long term.
There has been great progress in the construction of the environmental legal system. The State Council promulgated the Implementing Regulations for the Protection of Terrestrial Wildlife in the People's Republic of China*** and the State, the Regulations on Urban Greening, the Environmental Policy on the Disposal of Low and Medium-Level Radioactive Wastes in China, approved the Pilot Program for Collecting Sulfur Dioxide Sewage Charges for Industrial Coal Combustion, forwarded the Ministry of Forestry's Notice of the Report on the Current Situation of Indiscriminate Cutting and Hunting and Comprehensive Measures for Its Management, and issued and fully implemented the Administrative Provisions on Pollutant Discharge Declaration and Registration. The State Environmental Protection Bureau has also formulated regulations and methods on environmental administrative penalties, prevention and control of tailings pollution, prevention and control of chromium compound pollution, and signs for environmental supervision and enforcement. Local legislation has been strengthened, with provinces and municipalities such as Shandong, Hunan, Chongqing, Wuhan and Dalian formulating regulations on environmental enforcement procedures. The State Bureau of Environmental Po protection for the first time conducted a national environmental protection system law enforcement inspection.
The Development History of Human Energy Utilization
Energy Utilization and Environmental Pollution Investigation Report
Group:
The Origin of the Topic:
Now that the world's supply of energy is running out, we have to develop new sources of energy before it is depleted, so we need to know the history of the development of energy, so that we may be able to find new sources of energy. Moreover, this alone will not work, if the pollution of energy is too serious, I am afraid that before the energy is exhausted, the earth has long become a bastard one. So we need to develop new energy sources and protect them at the same time. Because of this, we chose this topic.
Subject research content:
A. What is energy
"Energy" is a term that has been talked about very little in the past, and it is the two oil crises that have made it a hot topic of discussion. So what exactly is "energy"? On the definition of energy, there are currently about 20 kinds. For example, the Encyclopedia of Science and Technology says: "Energy is a resource from which energy such as heat, light, and power can be obtained"; Encyclopedia Britannica says: "Energy is a term that includes all fuels, flowing water, sunlight, and wind, which can be converted by appropriate means to provide the energy needed by humans"; the Encyclopedia Britannica says: "Energy is a term that includes all fuels, flowing water, sunlight, and wind. required energy"; the Japanese Encyclopedia says: "In various productive activities we utilize thermal, mechanical, light, and electrical energy for work, and the various carriers in nature that can be utilized as sources of these energies are known as energy sources"; and our Encyclopedia of Energy says: "Energy is the energy carrier resources that can provide any form of energy such as light, heat, power, etc. needed by human beings, either directly or through conversion." It can be seen that energy is a source of energy in many forms and can be converted to each other. Precisely and simply put, energy is the natural world can provide mankind with some form of energy material resources.
Second, the classification of energy and its advantages and disadvantages
The first category is related to the sun energy. Solar energy in addition to the direct utilization of its light and heat, it is also the main source of a variety of energy on Earth. At present, the vast majority of human energy needs come directly or indirectly from the sun .
The second type of energy is related to the heat of the Earth's interior. The Earth is a large heat reservoir, and from the surface downward, the temperature increases with depth.
The third category is energy related to atomic nuclear reactions. This is the energy released when certain substances undergo atomic nuclear reactions. The main types of atomic nuclear reactions are fission and fusion reactions.
The fourth category is energy related to the interconnection of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. Regular movements between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun cause periodic changes in relative positions, and the gravitational force generated between them causes seawater to rise and fall, resulting in the formation of tidal energy.
Three, human energy utilization and development stage
Small hydropower: China's western region of small hydropower resources are very rich, according to the latest water energy resources review results, the national small hydropower resources can be developed technically 125 million kilowatts. At present, the development of China's small hydropower is about 20%, it is expected that by 2030, China's small hydropower resources will be developed, when it can form 100 million kilowatts of installed capacity level.
Solar energy resources: China's solar energy resources are mainly used for the use of urban and rural residents of the hot water supply, there are more than 50 million square meters of solar water heaters, 2020 and 2050 can reach 200 million square meters and 500 million square meters, respectively, can replace 120 billion kilowatt-hours and 300 billion kilowatt-hours, replacing the peak of the power 80 million kilowatts and 200 million kilowatts.
Biomass energy source: China's biomass energy source is mainly agricultural waste, forest and forest product residues and municipal waste. Agricultural waste resources are widely distributed, of which the annual output of crop straw is more than 600 million tons, agricultural product processing and animal husbandry waste can theoretically produce biogas nearly 80 billion cubic meters.
Four, the use of energy caused by what environmental pollution
North Shaanxi oil is now proven reserves of 1.1 billion tons, is an important energy base in China, Shaanxi Province has become one of the fastest-growing provinces and regions of crude oil production. With the increasing development of oil resources in northern Shaanxi, oil extraction, transportation, processing, sales and other processes caused by environmental pollution and ecological damage is becoming increasingly serious. Since 2000, northern Shaanxi due to oil pipeline corrosion perforation, fracture caused by environmental pollution accidents amounted to fifty one.
Five, the serious impact of pollution on human life
There is a pesticide factory, two chemical plants in Jiangsu Province, Yancheng City, Funing County, Fuhe Town, Yangqiao villagers, all day long to smell a strange odor, the well water can not be drank, tap water has a pesticide smell. Over the past three years, drinking stinking river water, smell pungent pesticide odor, the village has more than 20 villagers due to cancer left this life, this year there are nearly 10 people were diagnosed with cancer, is now being treated in the hospital. The village is close to the pesticide factory, chemical plant of the five groups, six groups, seven groups due to cancer untreated death has accounted for the three groups over the past three years, 70% of the number of natural deaths ...... was once the Huaihe River with blue sky and clear water, but now it is the place where fish and shrimp are extinct. The Kui River is an important tributary of the Huai River, and its bank, Yangzhuang Township in Suzhou City, Anhui Province, is the biggest victim of pollution. In March of this year, Yangzhuang Township Health Epidemiological Station of the township within five years due to cancer deaths in the population mapping, the results of the 16 administrative villages near the Kui River, the number of people suffering from various digestive diseases and cancer is significantly higher than in other villages, three years Yangzhuang Township due to cancer deaths reached 13 per 1,000 ...... March 18, in the outpatient building of the Chaoyang Hospital hall, more than 30 villagers from Shapoyu Village, Lushanzi Township, Xinglong County, Chengde, looked anxious, and 27 children were snuggled in their arms, some of them pale, some of them crying because of stomach pains and headaches. These villagers said they are the parents of children, children are in their village elementary school. March 15, many elementary school students in the school suddenly "poisoned", heavy coma, foaming at the mouth, light headache. These parents suspect that the village elementary school near the lead-zinc plant is the children "poisoned" the "culprit ......
Six, found around the phenomenon of energy pollution around the extension of the county Guoqi township Wangcang village, although the distance from the oil leaks has been a few days, but in the field can still be seen, a lot of crops planted in the field is still residual traces of oil soaked, many corn seedlings due to oil soaked has turned gray-black, the field several villagers are using a shovel to have been contaminated by the soil layer dug out. According to the villagers, on May 30, a heavy rain swept through Yanchang County. After the rain, the village more than 30 acres of fields were mixed with rainwater oil pollution, many crops died, the villagers followed the watermarks found that the original is the village next to the village of seven village oil mine an oil point of oil leakage caused. As for how deep the degree of pollution, the villagers said differently, some say the land can not plant crops for a year or two; some say the pollution is not serious. A villager surnamed Li said that due to the poor sewage disposal facilities at the site, every time it rains, there will be a small amount of oil leakage along with the rainwater flow to the fields, but "never this time so serious.
Seven, the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by the specific measures
Speed up the pace of pollution management, accelerate the construction of sewage treatment facilities, and increase the watershed ecological protection and construction efforts in Gansu Province, the environmental protection department said that in addition to speeding up the pace of governance of key sources of pollution, will also accelerate the city's domestic sewage treatment works and the construction of supporting pipeline network to ensure that the Qili River --- Anning, Baiyin, Baiyin, and other areas of the river. -Anning, Baiyin, Linxia three major sewage treatment plants completed and put into operation this year; at the same time, increase the centralized treatment of urban waste management along the Yellow River, as soon as possible to solve the Lanzhou City, the oil pollution trunk pipeline safety hazards, to ensure urban safety; within the year will be the state-owned four seventy-first plant, five hundred and four plants and other enterprises sewage access to the west of the new line of drainage pipe; increase the watershed ecological protection and Construction efforts, scientific deployment of the Yellow River water to ensure that the Yellow River dilution of self-purification capacity; construction of automatic water quality monitoring information network system to improve environmental supervision.
"2005 National Survey Report on Indoor Environmental Pollution in Urban Home Decoration" "At Your Service" 2005 National Survey Report on Home Decoration Pollution in Urban Cities
Source: CCTV.com
"I Love Home Decoration and Environmental Protection", organized by CCTV's At Your Service program, was the "first home decoration environmental protection line" carried out during the "First Home Decoration Environmental Protection Line" period. During the "First National Survey on Indoor Environmental Pollution in Urban Home Decoration" organized by CCTV's "I Love Home Decoration Environmental Protection Walk" program, it was completed in July and November 2005, and compiled the "2005 National Survey on Indoor Environmental Pollution in Urban Home Decoration". And compiled "2005 National Urban Home Improvement Indoor Environmental Pollution Survey Report".
Summarized and analyzed according to the test data reported by each city, it shows that the indoor air pollution caused by home renovation is relatively serious. With November 26, 2001 the Ministry of Construction and the State Quality Supervision Bureau jointly issued GB50325-2001 "civil construction project indoor environmental pollution control norms" to evaluate the test families, it was found that 68% of the family renovation of indoor air after formaldehyde concentration exceeded the limit values set by the norms. Benzene and TVOC pollution was not as serious as formaldehyde, with 11% of benzene exceeding the limit and 38% of TVOC exceeding the limit. Evaluated with the combined index of the three pollutants, 34% of households with good indoor air quality and 66% of households with pollution. Among them, 30% of families with heavy pollution, a situation that should cause concern to the relevant departments of our country.
Responders: everyone on behalf of the - show talent second level 4-16 14:04
We and the environment around the investigation report
Our surroundings and our lives have a very close relationship with the environment, like fish and water, inextricably linked, and who can not be separated from who.
Zhuhai is a beautiful seaside city. "The best way to summarize it is to say that Zhuhai is a beautiful seaside city. Zhuhai is beautiful, but beautiful hidden in a "strange color". Because individual citizens do not pay attention to hygiene, to the beautiful Zhuhai added a discordant "stain". I was guided by my teacher to investigate our surroundings.
White pollution, terrible!
The invention of paper has led to the rapid development of human inventions. But in real life, a sheet of white and flawless paper makes the human surroundings have been greatly polluted.
Waste of paper: In our classroom and in the school's garbage pool, there is a huge pile of paper in the garbage pool every day. Yellow, white, green ...... eye-catching. A ball of brightly colored homework paper crumpled into a ball.
Paper recycling: in my survey, I found that 95 percent of people are mixing recyclable and non-recyclable garbage together. "Mixed", it turns out, is the main cause of paper pollution! If people separate the garbage into separate categories for recycling, that white pollution to the natural environment will be greatly reduced, and we live in a much different environment.