Principle: nuclear explosion head 10 seconds within the release of neutrons and γ-rays on living organisms, electronic devices and other objects to kill the destructive role and effect.
Nuclear radiation is mainly alpha, beta, gamma three kinds of rays:
1, alpha rays are helium nuclei, external irradiation penetration ability is very weak, as long as a piece of paper can block, but inhalation of the body of the great harm.
2, β ray is the electron flow, irradiation of the skin after the burn is obvious. These two types of rays due to the small penetrating power, the impact of the distance is relatively close as long as the source of radiation does not enter the body, the impact will not be too great.
3, γ-ray penetration is very strong, is a short wavelength electromagnetic waves. γ radiation and X-rays are similar, can penetrate the human body and buildings, the harm distance.
Expanded information:
One, anti-alpha rays: due to the nature of the alpha particles for the helium nucleus, so its penetrating ability is the weakest and the strongest ionizing ability, a white sheet of paper will be able to block it, therefore, for the alpha rays should pay attention to the internal irradiation, and the main way to get into the body is to breathe and eat, and the main methods of protection:
1, to prevent inhalation of the radiation, the main way to prevent inhalation of the radiation, the main methods of protection:
2, to prevent the radiation from being absorbed by the body. >
1, to prevent inhalation of contaminated air and ingestion of contaminated food;
2, to prevent the wound from being contaminated.
Two, anti-beta rays: the nature of beta particle rays is electron flow. Its penetrating ability is stronger than alpha rays and weaker than gamma rays. Therefore, β rays are relatively easy to block, with the general metal can be blocked. However, β-rays are easily absorbed by surface tissues, causing radiation damage to the surface layer of tissues.
1, avoid direct contact with contaminated items; to prevent contamination of the skin surface and radiation hazards.
2. Prevent inhalation of contaminated air and ingestion of contaminated food.
3. Prevent wounds from being contaminated.
4, shielding measures should be used when necessary.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Nuclear Radiation