The J-10 adopts the Russian-made AL-31F turbofan jet engine, with a maximum added thrust of 12,260 kN and its own thrust-to-weight ratio of about 8. Its superior performance has a good reputation in the international arena, and it can be said to be the best engine ever used by a Chinese military aircraft, which provides a strong guarantee for the maneuverability of the J-10 to surpass that of its counterparts. This provides a strong guarantee for the maneuverability of J-10 to surpass similar models. China may also introduce the AL-37 thrust vector control engine from Russia to further strengthen the J-10. It may also use its own Taihang series of engines, which have full intellectual property rights.
The J-10, as an advanced fighter capable of adapting to the air combat environment of the 21st century, has adopted many new technologies.
(1) Digital fly-by-wire technology. To realize the tactical requirements of world advanced level, not only to choose a set of practical overall program, but also must break through a series of major key technologies. Among them, the digital fly-by-wire design is a brand new technology in China, as one of the four key technologies, its success or failure is directly related to the success of the overall program, once the accident will lead to the destruction of the aircraft and people.
(2) avionics system. This is another key technology of the new fighter, in May 1996, China's largest and most complex system of third-generation avionics integrated test was successful! Not only narrowed the gap with foreign countries, but also make the development of China's avionics system technology has made a new breakthrough, filling the blanks in the field of China's avionics technology.
Comprehensive news from all sides, the J-10 has at least three models that have been successfully developed or are under development.
(1) J10A, which is also the basic single-seat model of J10, is reportedly the first batch of J10 to be put into production. According to reports, the first batch of 50 J-10As will be put into production, and the Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation's production capacity of the J-10 is two per month.
(2) J-10B: This is a two-seat variant of the J-10, which was first flown in December 2003 as a supplement to the single-seat J-10A basic version. Main improvements: the fuselage has been lengthened to accommodate the rear cockpit and to increase the fuel-carrying capacity. Judging from the exterior features of the modified aircraft, the J-10B is not a trainer but a fighter-bomber.
(3) J-10C. This is a naval model planned for development, possibly a twin-engine naval fighter.
(4) J-10D. this is the planned development of a naval land combat model, possibly a twin-engine carrier-based short-range/vertical take-off and landing fighter, China is also said to have bought the design drawings for the Russian Yak 141 fighter, which will require a redesign of the J-10, mainly the intakes and control equipment.
In terms of weapons and firing control systems, it is now known that the J-10 adopts a multi-barrel 23mm gun, can carry domestically produced close-range combat missiles and advanced medium-range interceptor missiles, and is interconnected with helmet sights, as well as a wide range of ground- and sea-oriented weapon systems. From the 97th Beijing Airshow, there is news that Russia and Israel are competing to provide the J-10 with a launch control weapon system, and both sides have provided advanced products such as the R77 and the Monster Snake 4 missile, etc. The radar of the J-10 adopts a phase-control system, and the radar of the J-10 is a very advanced one. The radar of J-10 adopts phased array system, with long range, strong electronic warfare capability and multi-target engagement capability. In addition, the J-10 can also be equipped with a variety of auxiliary pods to enhance its combat capability. f22 The F-22 adopts a dual-pitot tail, dual-engine, single-seat layout. The tail is tilted outward by 27 degrees, which is just at the edge of the general stealth design. Its two sides of the air intake installed in the wing leading edge extension surface (edge of the wing) under the same with the nozzle, are made to inhibit infrared radiation stealth design, the main wing and the horizontal stability of the surface of the same swept back and trailing edge of the same swept back angle, are small chord ratio of the trapezoidal planform, blister-type cockpit cover protrudes in the fuselage of the upper part of the front, all the weapons are covertly hung in the four internal bomb bay. Structural features Horizontally, the aerodynamic configuration is a high trapezoidal wing with an integrated tail, including a wide and outwardly angled vertical tail with rudder, and horizontal stabilizer surfaces directly adjacent to the wing. In accordance with technical standards (small reflective profile, radio wave absorbing materials, radio-electronic countermeasures and low-emission on-board radio-electronic equipment, the fighter aircraft is designed for a minimum radar reflective surface of about 0.005-0.01 square meters). Polymerized composite materials (KM) of thermally processed plastic (12%) and synthetic fibers (10%) are also widely used on the airframe. The proportion of composite materials (KM) used in the production aircraft (by weight) will be 35%. The diamond-shaped cross-section engine air intakes under both wings are non-adjustable, and the engine compressor cold-wall intakes are in the form of S-shaped channels. The engine has two-dimensional vector nozzles with fixed sidewalls and adjustable nozzle cross-sectional area; and movable upper and lower adjustment plates that can deflect thrust vectors at angles of ±20° in pitch. Avionics Developed in accordance with TRW's General Manual, the integrated airborne radio-electronic package includes: an integrated central data processing system; an integrated communications, navigation and identification system, ICNIA, and a complete electronic warfare package, INEWS, including radio-electronic countermeasures; a high-resolution airborne radar, AN/APG-77, and an electro-optical sensor system, EOSS, with two radar gyroscopes, and an integrated radio-electronic countermeasures system, EOSS. Super Wasp LN-100F inertial navigation system (HHC). The airborne radar is an active phased array radar with electronic scanning, which contains nearly 2,000 modules, in which the technology of a single integral system with ultra-high frequency range is used. In order to improve stealth, the radar station is designed to work in a passive state, in conjunction with the ALQ-94 can not activate the active radar to achieve the effect of early warning of enemy aircraft in the 400KM away, it ensures that the radar station to work in an active state so that the signal is less likely to be intercepted. Pilot cockpit automatic instrumentation equipment, including four LCD monitors and wide-angle instrumentation takeoff and landing system. the F-22 avionics system using the "Stonehenge" program to take the results of the system configuration research and many new technologies. This reconfigurable system configuration replaces the field replaceable unit (LRU) with a field replaceable module (LRM). Each LRM is responsible for a part of the entire avionics system, and the work performed by each LRM is closely related to the flight phase of the aircraft during the mission. Moreover, when a module fails, other normal modules can be used to carry out the most important functions in that phase, thus increasing the reliability of the system. RADAR The F-22's AN/APG-77 radar is an active phased-array system for target detection. It operates with other sensors and avionics through a centralized data processing system. The processor controls the graphics of the antenna's transmit and receive beams, as well as the processing of incoming radar data.The technical basis for the APG-77 radar is derived from the Ultra Reliable Radar (URR) program and the Air Force's active phased array radar experiments. A unique feature of the Ultra Reliable Radar is the Texas Instruments Solid State Phased Array (SSPA) antenna. The independent transmission and reception of each radiating element is an innovation in this system design and ensures increased flexibility, a small radar reflective cross-sectional area, and a wide bandwidth. [edit] Performance F-22 on display in Texas Two F-22s cruising over Alaska KC-135 aerial refueling tanker with F-22[edit] General characteristics Crew: 1 Overall length: 62 ft 1 in (18.9 m) Wingspan: 44 ft 6 in (13.56 m) Overall height: 16 ft 8 in (5.08 m) Wing area: 840 ft2 (78.04 m2) Empty weight: 31,700 lb (14,379 kg) Normal takeoff weight: 55,352 lb (25,107 kg) Maximum takeoff weight: 80,000 lb (36,288 kg) Engines: 2 Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 turbofan engines, each with a maximum afterburning capacity of 35,000 lb (155.7 kN). 155.7 kN) Flight performance Top speed: Mach 2.25 (1,500 mph, 2,414 km/h) Cruise speed: Mach 1.82 (1,220 mph, 1,963 km/h) Delivery range: 1,600 miles (1,840 nautical miles, 2,960 kilometers) with two external fuel tanks Maximum lift: 65,000 ft. Maximum lift: 65,000 ft (19,812 m) Wing loading: 66 lb/sq ft (322 kg/m2) Thrust-to-weight ratio: 1.09 (18,000 lb) full internal fuel: 1.26 (9,000 lb) 50% internal fuel: 1.26 (9,000 lb) Maximum G-limit: ?6?13.0/+9.0 G Armed Guns: 1 x 20mm M61A2 Vulcan six-barrel rotary cannon with 480 rounds Air to air configuration: 6 x AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Airspace (AMRA) AIM-120 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAM) 2 AIM-9 Rattlesnake or AIM-132 Air-to-Surface Configuration: 2 AIM-120 AMRAM, 2 AIM-9 Rattlesnake or AIM-132 2 GBU-32 Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) or 2 Wind Corrected Munitions Dispensers (WCMDs) or 8 GBU-39 Small Diameter Bombs (SDB) Users and Deployments The first F-22A to be assigned to the USAF's 27th Fighter Squadron, airframe number 03-042 For the time being, the United States is the sole user of the F-22. The U.S. F-22s are deployed at home base Alaska and will have eight squadrons. Another squadron was stationed at Kadena Air Force Base, Japan, in February 2007, and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) fighters launched a joint flight training in April, and were withdrawn at the beginning of May, concluding a three-month period of stationing at bases other than the U.S. mainland for the first time.From mid-July to early August 2008, the F-22As were stationed at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, to participate in the "Jungle Shield" exercise. Shield" exercise. In 2010, the U.S. military is expected to formally deploy a squadron of F-22As to Hicken Air Force Base, Hawaii. [3] [4] [5] Missions On November 22, 2007, an F-22 Raptor of the 90th Fighter Squadron, Alaska, demonstrated for the first time that they had intercepted two Russian Tu-95MS Bear H's, the first time that the F-22s had been tasked by the North American Aerospace Defense Command to conduct an intercept mission. Maintenance F-22 dorsal condensation cloud F-22 participates in Pearl Harbor Incident commemorations F-22 combat attrition rate is only 1/20th that of the F-15 after ten years (in virtual combat with the Russian Su-37, the F-22 and SU-37 have a 1 to 10 attrition rate), maintenance personnel will be cut in half, and the sustainment cost of a squadron will be $500 million less than that of the F-15 over a 20-year period F-22 usable The F-22 can cruise at supersonic speeds to reach faraway places and conduct "stealthy over-the-horizon operations." The USAF is so confident about this that it is now equipping its units with F-22s. Accident On December 20, 2004, at 15:45 (U.S. Western Time), a U.S. F-22 lost control of its aircraft during takeoff and crashed at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, with the pilot ejecting and escaping. The crashed F-22 was part of the 422nd Test and Evaluation Brigade of the United States Air Force. [6] On March 25, 2009, an F-22 crashed in the southern California desert during a "test flight mission". The test pilot died. [7] Movie plot In the action movie Transformers, Starscream, a member of the Decepticon camp, fights on Earth in the form of an F-22 and leaves the planet at the end. In the 2008 movie Iron Man, there was also a storyline in which two F-22s chased the main character and one crashed due to an accident. In Hulk Hulk, the F-22s had been forced to carry Hulk up to 60,000 feet, but Hulk could not withstand the thin air at high altitude and fell. In the action movie "Transformers - Revenge of the Fallen", several F-22 in Egypt duel also simulated into the F-22 appearance of the Decepticon robot Starscream.