"Lithium batteries" are batteries made of lithium metal or lithium alloy as the anode material, using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.Lithium-metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912.
In the 1970s, M. S. Whittingham proposed and began to study lithium-ion batteries. Due to the chemical properties of lithium metal is very active, so that the processing, preservation and use of lithium metal, the environmental requirements are very high. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have now become mainstream.
Lithium batteries can be broadly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain lithium in metallic form and are rechargeable.
Lithium metal batteries, the fifth generation of rechargeable batteries, were born in 1996, and are superior to lithium-ion batteries in terms of safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate, and performance-to-price ratio. Due to the limitation of its own high technical requirements, only a few companies in a few countries are now producing this kind of lithium metal batteries.
Extended information:
Early research and development
Lithium batteries had their earliest application in pacemakers. The advantages of lithium batteries, such as their extremely low self-discharge rate and flat discharge voltage, allow pacemakers implanted in the body to operate for long periods of time without recharging. Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts, making them more suitable for use as integrated circuit power supplies. Manganese dioxide batteries, for example, are widely used in calculators, digital cameras, and watches.
Lithium battery purchase method
1, there is no clear capacity labeling. Batteries without a clearly labeled capacity (e.g., 1000mAh or 1000 mAh) are likely to use poor-quality batteries or recycled batteries. The market is flooded with many cheap batteries, is the use of recycled batteries heart do, although the price is cheap, but short life, quality is not stable, the use of inadvertent may damage the phone.
2, there is no guarantee of standby time. Standby time that is the battery loaded into the phone to the next charge of continuous use time. General market sales of batteries are unable to guarantee standby time to customers, this is because of the unstable quality of the battery relationship, many cheap batteries because of the use of poor quality battery heart, so the standby time is very short.
3, whether the safety protection circuit board. No protection circuit board, the lithium battery will have deformation, leakage, explosion risk. In the vicious cut price competition, each seeks to lower the price of the protection circuit board, or simply omit the device, so that the market is flooded with lithium batteries with the risk of explosion.
Preservation of lithium batteries
1, lithium primary battery self-discharge is very low, can be saved for as long as 3 years, in the refrigerated conditions, the effect will be better. The lithium primary battery will be stored in a low-temperature place, is not a good method. Lithium-ion batteries can be stored at 20 ℃ for more than half a year, this is due to its low self-discharge rate, and most of the capacity can be recovered.
2, lithium batteries exist in the phenomenon of self-discharge, if the battery voltage below 3.6V long time to save, will lead to battery over-discharge and destroy the internal structure of the battery, reduce battery life. Therefore, long-term preservation of lithium batteries should be every 3 to 6 months to replenish the power, that is, charging to the voltage of 3.8 ~ 3.9V (lithium batteries for the best storage voltage of 3.85V or so) is appropriate, should not be full.
3, lithium battery application temperature range is very wide, in the northern winter outdoor, can still be used, but the capacity will be reduced a lot, if back to room temperature conditions, the capacity can be restored.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Lithium Battery
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