Hematopoietic stem cells are collected from bone marrow or peripheral blood.
Under general anesthesia, the posterior superior iliac spine of the patient or donor is repeatedly punctured to extract bone marrow. Generally, 2 to 4 X108/cell cells are collected based on the recipient's weight. Except for mild anemia, bone marrow collection has no significant effect on the donor's peripheral blood cell count. Usually well tolerated. The process of collecting hematopoietic stem cells from the peripheral blood of a donor or patient is called leukapheresis.
Hematopoietic growth factors such as G-CSF and GM-CSF or chemotherapy can be given in advance to mobilize primitive hematopoietic cells into the peripheral blood circulation, and then the hematopoietic stem cells are collected and concentrated through "leukocyte replacement". This approach was first used in autologous transplants, but there is now growing interest in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplants.
In order to mobilize stem cells, hematopoietic growth factors can be injected subcutaneously into voluntary bone marrow donors 4 to 5 days before leukocyte replacement. The side effects are minimal, and most of them only have mild bone discomfort. The main factors affecting patient prognosis are disease recurrence and GVHD.
Under normal physiological conditions, the amount of hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood is very small and cannot meet the needs of transplantation. After drug mobilization, it accelerates the generation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and releases them into the peripheral blood, which can increase peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells 20-30 times to meet the needs of transplantation.
Extended information:
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation refers to transplanting other people’s or autologous hematopoietic stem cells into the body to take on hematopoietic and immune functions, including the red blood cell system, white blood cell system, and megakaryocyte system and the reconstruction of immune function. Its indications include hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, etc.
Non-malignant diseases such as thalassemia, aplastic anemia, inborn errors of metabolism, genetic diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, solid tumors and acute radiation sickness, etc.
With the development of medical technology, people have discovered that hematopoietic stem cells also exist in peripheral blood. Stem cells in the bone marrow can be released into the blood through mobilization agents, which can be obtained by collecting them from the peripheral blood. Sufficient number of hematopoietic stem cells, so it is also called peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Experts say frankly: Donating hematopoietic stem cells does not harm your health