The entrepreneurial story of college students' innovation a
Abstract Emotion is the physical and mental experience of people's attitude towards some objective things and objects in the environment, is the most basic emotional phenomenon. In this paper, we analyze the factors affecting the differences in individual college students' emotions from a psychological point of view, starting from the relationship between the emotional state of college students and their related socio-cultural factors: it is related to parental culture, personal traits, gender roles and socio-culture, and different grades in college. There is also a group indicator that students of rural origin have some emotional indicators worse than those of urban origin.
Keywords: college students; individual emotional differences; psychological analysis
I. Cognition of emotions
Emotions are an important factor affecting physical and mental health. College students in late adolescence have rich emotional experiences and large emotional fluctuations, so their mental health relies heavily on the health or otherwise of their emotions. Negative as well as bad emotional states can reduce college students' learning and work efficiency, and serious emotional distress may lead to college students' physical and mental health. Therefore, it is important to recognize emotions, understand the principles of emotions, understand the impact of emotions on college students' psychology, and learn to self-regulate and control, which has an undeniable role in improving college students' psychological quality, and also has an important significance in promoting the healthy growth of college students.
Emotion is the physical and mental experience of people's attitude towards certain objective things and objects in the environment, the most basic emotional phenomenon, and an extraordinary intellectual factor that has a significant impact on the success of life. The power of emotions and people's attempts to regulate and control them are common phenomena and an integral part of everyday life. It is generally recognized that emotions include basic and complex emotions, and Izard points out that there are 8 to 11 basic emotions, such as pleasure and surprise, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, interest, shyness and shame, contempt, guilt, etc. Complex emotions (e.g., depression) are also recognized. Complex emotions (e.g., depression) are mixtures of multiple basic emotions.
(a) Emotions
(1) have their physiological responses: in different emotional states, different physiological characteristics will appear. For example, in the state of anger there will be redness of the face and ears, the secretion of sweat glands and so on.
(2) is a kind of inner feeling: different emotional states will inevitably be reflected in human perception and consciousness. Thus, the formation of different inner experience. For example, when someone is injured again, they will feel pain.
(3) will be shown in the behavior: facial expressions most directly reflect the emotional state of people. For example: when the team they want to win, the face will involuntarily will be smiling; when some students encounter frustration, will be sad. There is also the emotion can also be reflected through physical behavior and voice morphology.
(2) the role of emotions
(1) the function of self-protection; such as being hurt, the emotion of anger will prompt people to fight back, self-protection.
(2) Interpersonal communication.
(3) information transfer function; such as a smile and a look can be mutual expression of love. In understanding the principle of emotion generation and the role of emotion. We brought out a topic: why different people for the same scene and the same encounter will show different emotional responses, the following on this issue to explore.
Second, the factors affecting individual emotional differences
1, what individual emotional differences?
"Individual emotional differences" is the face of the same thing or the same situation, each person shows different emotions.
2. Factors Affecting Individual Emotional Differences in College Students
2.1 Social Culture
People in different regions will have different views on the same thing. For example, Jack, who believes in ___, and Annie, who comes from the mysterious prairie, study in the same university, and because of the summer vacation both of them got sick due to the hot weather. In Jack's opinion, he got sick because he was not thinking of God when he went to church to pray in the summer, which was God's punishment for his impiety, and he deserved it; while Anne thought that the illness was caused by witchcraft. Witchcraft is an unpredictable force, so Annie feels scared and anxious. This case illustrates that different cultural backgrounds lead to different reactions and emotions to "sickness", and that emotional experiences can fully reflect the nature of human beings and their social culture. Of course, this does not mean that there are no similarities between cultures. Some theories suggest that fear, sadness and happiness are emotional experiences that transcend cultural divides and exist universally, but it is because of socio-cultural contexts that the same emotions are expressed in different ways and have different meanings. University is a gathering place of different regional groups, which is composed of people with different cultural practices. So different cultures have an effect on the emotions of college students.
2.2, Family background and upbringing differences
Family background: in the university, some college students from poor families have higher psychological pressure and often feel confused, anxious and depressed over the difficulties of life, tuition fees and family debts. Meanwhile, students from affluent families, whose superior family environment contrasts sharply with the difficult studies in college, also suffer from emotional distress such as anorexia, no life goals, and inactivity. Family upbringing: The type of upbringing is classified as authoritarian, permissive or democratic, and because of the different types of upbringing, the emotions felt and the ways of coping with them are also different. Let's look at a simple example of the authoritarian type: Xiao Mei fell in love with Ah Wei in college, but she became more and more hesitant. Although she knew that Ah Wei was very good to her, she was not sure if she wanted to continue to date him, considering that her mother didn't like him, disliked his poor family background, and always compared him to her relatives, consciously or unconsciously. Mom's attitude makes Xiaomei have a feeling of uneasiness, panic, without the approval of the mother, Xiaomei really do not have confidence in the field of love. For this unstable relationship in the University of Pu piece of existence, through this short example we will find that different types of family upbringing, will bring different emotional development of children, as well as we will make different ways of emotional expression.
2.3, Gender Roles and Urban-Rural Differences
Different genders also show differences in emotional states. Through the study, it is shown that women are more comfortable; patient; and clearer than men in communicating and expressing their emotions, and more skillful than men in conveying and receiving non-verbal information, and also better than men in dealing with problems related to emotions, while men are easy to be in the situation of a frustrated person, and easy to ignore the other person's feelings, but it is not excluded that men do not have the strengths in dealing with their emotions, for example, they do a better job in reassurance, forgiveness, and attempts to compromise . In addition, the brain structure of men and women is different, resulting in women's emotional insight is better than men's, emotional feelings and ways of expression are also very different and physiological differences will also create emotional changes. In addition, the anxiety, depression, self-esteem and subjective well-being of college students from different sources in urban and rural areas are significantly different.
Generally speaking, students from rural areas have worse psychological experiences than those from urban areas, which are mainly characterized by state anxiety, introjected depression, high risk of suicide, and low self-esteem and happiness. This study suggests that we should pay special attention to the rural college students in the mental health education of college students. First of all, we should understand their economic situation and take necessary measures to improve it. In addition, emotional social support is also important, especially the establishment of close and stable interpersonal relationships, which is an important foundation for improving their comprehensive coping ability and maintaining their emotional health. In the regular mental health education for college students, some group activities and counseling should be carried out for the purpose of maintaining emotional health, so that each student can build up the necessary interpersonal relationship support system. In addition, such activities can also meet the needs of college students for emotional outpouring and interpersonal communication, and can promote college students' self-exploration, mutual understanding and ****same development.
Conclusion and Emotion Management for College Students
We understand the factors affecting the difference of college students' emotions, and realize that emotions play an important role in the healthy growth of college students. Although there are differences in emotions among different individuals, each of them possesses the same emotions, which are only reflected in the way of expression and the different limbs and facial expressions. "Emotional management is the expression of emotions in the most appropriate way, as Aristotle said: "Anyone can get angry, it's not difficult, but to be able to get angry at the right time, in the right place, in the right way, to the right object in the right way, it can be much more difficult." Accordingly, emotion management refers to expressing emotions in the right way, at the right time, and to the right object. College students need to be aware of their own and other people's real emotions, and learn to express appropriately, effectively regulate their own emotions, improve their own emotional intelligence, at the same time, college students need to change their concepts, set up a correct outlook on life, recognize the value and significance of life, correctly face the frustration of life, worry, appropriate evaluation of the self, and establish a healthy attitude towards life.
References
[1] Ye Suzhen, Zeng Zhenhua. Emotion Management and Mental Health [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2007
[2] Meng Zhaolan. Emotional psychology [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005
[3] Deng Lifang, Zheng Richang. A study of the relationship between college students' emotional aptitude, expressivity and mental health[J]. Psychological Development and Education,2003,(2).
[4] Zhou Xiaohong, Modern Social Psychology, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1st edition, May 1997, 11th printing, September 2005, p. 274.
Author Resume:
1. Liu Gao Sheng (1981-), Male, Teacher of Chengdu Teachers College, Bachelor's Degree, Research Direction: Educational Psychology, Psychology.
2. Zhou Rui (1984-), Female, Teacher of Sichuan Finance and Economics Vocational College, Master, Research Direction: Curriculum and Teaching Theory, Economics Curriculum Research in Colleges and Universities.
The entrepreneurial story about college students' innovation is two
Abstract In this case, the visitor showed obvious emotional distress because of stressful events in her life, and based on the establishment of a good consultative relationship, she used the techniques of rational emotion therapy to inspire the visitor to find out her own irrational cognition, to explore the possibility of change, and to gradually build up a rational cognition to alleviate her emotional distress.
Keywords: rational emotive therapy; irrational cognition; emotional distress
I. Basic information
(1) Information about the client
The visitor, Lan Lan (a pseudonym), is a 20-year-old female in her second year of college, majoring in Japanese language. She is an only child from Shanghai. Her parents are both laborers, and her family's financial situation is moderate. The visitor has no major physical illnesses.
(B) the main complaint of the visitor
Because the right thumb nail fungal infection is very distressed, half of the nails missing at the time of the visit, although the dermatology department of the third-class hospital, the doctor clearly explains that it is just a common fungal infection, as long as the medication on time, half a month or so will be good, but just can not believe that the doctor said, because the doctor only used two minutes of time to help themselves. But I couldn't believe what the doctor said because the doctor only took about two minutes to see me, and he prescribed medication before I could finish my sentence, so I felt that the doctor didn't fully understand my condition at all. Therefore, I was very worried that my nails would never grow back. Every time I saw my nails, I was very anxious and couldn't help but want to trim them to make them look better, but it often backfired, and I couldn't accept the trimmed nails, so my mood got worse and I didn't want to do anything. Now my parents and dormitory classmates have put away the nail clippers to avoid me trimming again, now every day just worry about this nail, I feel that I am the most unlucky person, the only one who encountered such a thing, the nails can no longer grow well, always can not help but want to go to trim the nails, although they know that repeated trimming will make the nails recovery slower, and the more trimming the more difficult to look at, but just can not control themselves, the mood is terrible, I can not control myself. The mood is terrible. I'm not sure if I'm a good person, but I'm a good person, and I'm not sure if I'm a good person.
(C) Psychological assessment and diagnosis
According to the visitor's complaints, the visitor was troubled by negative emotions such as anxiety and worry, I gave her the Self-Assessment Scale of Anxiety (SAS), and the statistical results showed a score of 48, which is higher than the normal threshold level of 40, the data show that the visitor's anxiety is obvious. The visitor exhibited obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors due to a fungal nail infection. Since the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is not within the scope of school counseling, and the visitor wished to go to a professional mental health facility to get a clear diagnosis, I referred her to a mental health center. My counseling focused on resolving the visitor's emotional distress and uncovering the cognitive roots behind the emotions.
II. Brief Analysis
Lanlan's father is a very stereotypical person in his life, and he is very strict with her, for example, anything must be put in the designated place, or else her father will scold her. Lanlan's mom is a rough and tumble person, and whenever Lanlan is scolded by her dad and wants to seek comfort and warmth from her mom, her mom always fails to respond. The family environment, upbringing and Lanlan's personality traits of pursuing perfection, sensitivity and stubbornness have a lot to do with this. When encountering the stressful event of her nails being infected by fungus, Lanlan showed irrational cognition and irrational beliefs of being extremely bad and generalizing. The irrational cognition triggered a series of negative emotions such as anxiety and worry.
Based on the above analysis, we negotiated with the visitor to reach the counseling goal of *** knowledge: to alleviate the visitor's negative emotions such as anxiety and worry, to help the visitor discover her own irrational cognition, to recognize the impact of irrational cognition on her emotions and behaviors, to change the irrational cognition, and to help the visitor establish new rational cognition to get rid of her emotional distress.
Psychological counseling plan and intervention:
The psychological counseling plan is divided into three stages:
The first stage to give visitors full support and attention, sincere, empathy, acceptance of the attitude of collecting information, active listening, alleviate the visitor's anxiety, to build a good relationship between the consultant and the interviewer, the referral of visitors to the city's mental health centers; the second stage of the understanding of visitors' family environment, growth experience, and other aspects of the visitor's family environment, growth experience. In the second stage, we learn about the visitor's family environment and growth experience, analyze the thoughts behind her emotions with her, help her distinguish which thoughts are unreasonable, recognize how unreasonable cognition affects her emotions, explore the direction and possibility of changing unreasonable cognition, and set up cognitive homework; in the third stage, we get feedback from the visitor on the completion of her homework, and encourage her to combine what she has learned from the counseling sessions with her daily life, and strengthen and consolidate her new reasonable cognition. The third phase of the visitor feedback homework completion, encourage visitors to consult the talks and daily life with the combination of what they have learned, to strengthen and consolidate the new reasonable cognition, to promote mood and behavior change.
Feedback on the actual situation of the client:
The first stage was conducted twice, and the visitor said that the counselor's patient listening, positive attention, and timely response made her feel more relaxed and willing to express her thoughts and feelings. The first two counseling sessions were during the military training period, and after the military training period, it was summer vacation. Because of the good relationship established in the early stage, the visitor came to the counseling room again after the school year started.
In the second phase, which lasted two sessions, the visitor said that talking about her family environment and growing up experience helped her think about her cognitive style, analyzing her cognition and exploring the relationship between cognition and emotion was inspiring, and debating with the counselor, she saw the irrationality of her cognition and was willing to try to change it. At the end of the fourth counseling session, the visitor was given homework.
The third phase was conducted twice, and in the fifth and sixth counseling sessions, the visitor talked about the completion of the homework, saying that this method helped to identify irrational beliefs in time, and through self-debate to find a reasonable cognition, which greatly relieved her anxiety. The visitor indicated that she was willing to continue to work hard to integrate what she had learned from the counseling with her daily life, and that she would come back for help if she encountered further difficulties.
Third, the process of recording
The first time the visitor came to the counseling room was during the military training period (our school's military training is arranged at the end of the students' freshman year, and after the military training is the freshman's summer vacation) because he could not insist on attending the military training, and he came to the counseling room by himself, and his expression was dark, and the nail of his right hand was wrapped in gauze, and his mood was very depressed.
(The first consultation process excerpt)
咨：同学你好，我是学校心理咨询中心的老师，你可以叫我张老师，怎么称呼你呢？
Visit: teacher you call me Lanlan. Teacher, I feel very hard, really can not stick to the military training.
咨: I can see that you are not in a good mood, can you talk to me specifically about what happened?
Interview: Some time ago my right thumbnail seemed to be infected and the nail became very ugly. This made me very distressed and not in the mood for anything.
咨：身体出现问题肯定会影响心情，你去医院看吗？
咨：去了，医生说是普通的真菌感染，给我开了药，说是两星期就能好，可是现在已经一个月了还没有好。
咨：看到看出你因为指甲非常担心和焦虑，如果对你的担心程度打分，10分表示極度擔心，0分表示毫不担心，你对现在的担心程度打几分？
Interview: 10 out of 10, I can't help but always wonder if this nail of mine is never going to get better, even though I know it's useless to think that way.
Interview: besides these thoughts bothering you and affecting your mood, is there anything else that distresses you?
At this point the visitor was silent, I judged that she was a little hesitant, there should be some concerns. Counseling: Lanlan you can rest assured that everything you say I will keep your confidentiality, this is the principle of our psychological counseling work, here you do not have to have concerns, say your real situation, only then I can better help you.
Interview: It's like this teacher, the nails become like this and I have a lot to do with myself. I have a bad habit, always cut the nails very short, sometimes with the mouth to bite, so my nails are always very short, perhaps because of this will be fungal infection, although the doctor does not let me cut the nails again, but I just can not control, always feel that the nails are very difficult to see, always want to go to it to trim a little bit better, but the more you trim the shorter, the more you trim the more dissatisfied, resulting in my nails are missing half of the, very scary.
咨：那可以我可否这样理解，你对自己的行为感到后悔，如果你能听医生的按时吃药，自己不去修剪指甲，现在真菌感染可能已经好了，指甲看起来也不会那么难看，心情也不会这么不好了？
Interview: Yes, I really hate myself why I have to go over and over again to cut the nails, already very short or go to cut, I know that this is not right, but can not control it, a cut is not good, but also want to go to cut the second time, and now my parents and dormitory relationship with the good students know, they have put the nail clippers away, they worry about me and then non-stop cutting nails.
咨：身边的人都很关心你的身体，我也很关心，兰兰能给我看看你的指甲吗？
咨：老师你确定要看吗，现在只有一半，很吓人的。
Consultation: It's okay, show me.
The visitor removed the bandage gauze and showed me her right thumb nail, above? There was some violet water on it and the nail was only halfway down.
Interview: teacher do you think it is ugly, scary?
咨: I did not find it ugly, much less scary, in my opinion it is just a part of the body out of the problem, showing a state of illness.
咨: teacher I wish I could think like you.
Counseling: Changing thoughts takes a process, we **** together.
Interview: My sleep is fine, and my diet hasn't changed much, but I often wake up in the morning and think about it, and then I'm immediately depressed.
咨：这个情况和身边的人交流过吗？ How do your parents and friends and classmates feel about this problem?
Interview: Mom and Dad think I this is a very small thing, is that I think too much about myself. I often talk to a friend, she patiently listen, will also enlighten me, then I will feel a little better, but soon not, I began to think again, and want to go to the nail trimming?
The second consultation was a week later, and the visitor had already been to a mental health center, where she was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive tendencies and prescribed medication. The visitor's story included the process of going to the mental health center for diagnosis, and how she felt when she came back and took the medication, etc. The main purpose of this meeting was to listen and collect information. The main purpose of this meeting was to listen and collect information. The visitor said that there were no other changes after taking the medication except for the increase in sleep, so I explained to her that it takes a period of time to have an effect when taking psychotropic medication and asked her to follow the doctor's instructions and take the medication on time.
(Excerpts from the third counseling process)
Consultation: Lanlan, how have you been feeling lately?
Interview: I feel a little better than before, but I still can't help worrying that my nails won't get better, and that they'll be ugly forever.
咨：记得第一次的打分规则吗？ How would you rate the level of worry now?
Interview: 7.
I looked at Lanlan's nails and they had grown out and were much improved from the first visit.
Visit: I look like your nails have come back a lot.
咨：It is better than before, but I am still not satisfied. Last week I let my mom accompany me to another hospital, the doctor said it was a common fungal infection, this doctor and the last doctor, see the doctor very quickly, from the time I went in and sat down to come out just two minutes, just look at a glance, began to prescribe medication, my words have not yet said it, I think that these doctors are not very responsible, I would like to ask a couple of questions they are not willing to say more, queuing up for two hours to see the doctor! I'm not sure how much I'm going to be able to get out of this one.
咨：你是希望医生能够耐心地听你说完，给你比较详细的回答，是嗎？
The interview: Yes, I have been in line for such a long time, he should not talk to me for a couple of minutes? How can I believe that I was dismissed in two minutes?
The consultant: this is from your point of view to look at this matter, we can try to look at the doctor's point of view, the number of doctors outpatient clinic every day has regulations, they must be in the shortest possible time to each patient's condition to judge the doctor has dealt with similar patients like you, to deal with the condition is very experienced, so when the doctor correctly judged your condition, it is immediately after the prescription. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on a new one, and you'll be able to do that.
Interview: But the doctor looked at it so quickly, I would have a hard time believing what he said.
咨：听你这么说，感觉你很很难相信别人，生活是不是有些固执呢？
Interview: Yes, teacher I think I am very stubborn, it is difficult to believe what others say. And my classmates and friends around me have not encountered such a problem ah, only I'm so unlucky, a little girl nails into this.
咨: just because the people around you do not have you such an experience, you feel that only you have encountered such a thing, so think is not one-sided it? Is it too bad to think about the problem?
Interview: I always like to think the worst when it comes to things, and I can't help it.
The next consultation and the fourth counselor from the family environment, growing experience, the education received to inspire the visitor to think, the use of debate technology to allow visitors to find their own irrational cognition, irrational cognition on the emotional impact of the exploration of how to change, to the visitor to assign homework.
In the last two sessions, the consultants gave the visitors a chance to talk about their homework, and encouraged them to combine the consultation with their daily life to strengthen and consolidate their cognitive abilities, and to face the stresses and frustrations in their lives with confidence.
Fourth, the evaluation of the effect of counseling
In this case, I insisted on using a sincere, warm, and friendly attitude to pay positive attention to the visitor, and used the listening technology, empathy technology, self-expression technology, etc., which conveyed respect, understanding, acceptance, and care for the visitor, so that the visitor's negative emotions can be cathartic and released, and the visitor established a good relationship with the consultant. In the later stages of the consultation, the guidance of the consultation is strengthened by the use of techniques of rational emotive therapy, such as debating techniques and arranging cognitive homework, to inspire visitors to think about their own irrational cognition, explore the possibility of change, and promote the personal growth of visitors.
In the sixth counseling session, the visitor talked about how she had a friend of a friend who was physically disabled, but was still optimistic and strong, and that what she encountered was just a very minor setback in her life, and that her own thoughts were both incomplete and too bad, and that they were irrational beliefs, which she was willing to substitute with a new and rational cognition. Cognitive change, followed by improvement in mood, the visitor's rating of the degree of worry is only 2 points, anxiety has been significantly reduced. The visitor expressed the willingness to continue to apply the counseling gained in daily life, and hope to face frustration and pressure again can be handled with ease.
About one month after the end of the consultation, the visitor came to the consulting room and said that she was preparing for the final exams. Through my observation and conversation with the visitor, she was in a good emotional state, and I encouraged her to consolidate and strengthen the reasonable cognition in her daily life, and practice the reasonable cognition, so that she could internalize it into her own values, so that she could have a long-lasting and stable effect of the consultation, and obtain the appropriate emotion and appropriate stress in the face of the stressful events. Only in this way can the counseling effect be long-lasting and stable, and appropriate emotions and appropriate behaviors in the face of stressful events be obtained.
References
[1] Chen FG. Professional Theory and Technology of School Counseling [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2008.
Author's introduction: Zhang Ruoshu (1982.10- ), female, Shanghai Sanda College, research direction: mental health education.
On the innovation of college students entrepreneurial story three
Several computer chassis size of the 3D printer, is humming, next to a pile of good customer design "nail fixer". This is the Wuhan University of Science and Technology graduates Ding Qi Quan company's work scene, this summer vacation because of the amount of business, he and the machine are not idle.
What is 3D printing all about? Yesterday, Ding Qiquan gave a demonstration to the reporter, "just hit you? Wuhan Evening News? A few words." He first entered the four words on the computer, through the software converted into three-dimensional graphics, and then imported into the 3D printer, the machine immediately started, a cone-shaped nozzle while rapidly nudging, while spitting out a red thermoplastic solution. "Ordinary printers print flat, 3D printing is layer-by-layer, constructing three-dimensional objects by superimposing them." He also turned out Hoopla dolls, keychains and other gadgets, saying that it was playing for fun and that his friends would see one and take one. After more than an hour, "Wuhan Evening News" three-dimensional word out.
In his third year of college, Ding Qi Quan utilized the college laboratory 3D printer to teach himself printing technology, and now all the faults can be dealt with on their own. In April this year, he set up a company to help customers turn creative ideas into physical objects, in the past, the customer's industrial design, to be made through CNC machine tools and other equipment into a model, making a mold to tens of thousands of dollars. And now through his 3D printer, can quickly print out, charges from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars, he printed a car exhaust, smart door locks and other various models.
This year's International Day Against Drug Abuse, Shandong Province and Jinan anti-drug preventive education exhibition hall opened, several human organ models sickened by drug erosion, so that visitors are shocked, the site of the police officer said, these are college students with 3D printers to print out. After the end of the exhibition, Ding Qiquan received other counties and cities in Shandong anti-drug exhibition hall invitation, also want to ask him to do the model. His company operates four months, turnover has reached 60,000 yuan, an average turnover of 15,000 yuan a month.
In Ding Qi Quan's studio, there are two running 3D printers, but he assembled his own. He said that the key equipment from the Internet to pluck, auxiliary equipment on their own printing, the total cost of more than a thousand dollars, than the market could easily be thousands of tens of thousands of the price is much lower. He intends to optimize the improvement on this basis, the development of small mini family toy level printer.
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