Automation: use automation devices to improve equipment and reduce human intervention.
Control: Operation in a system for a specific purpose. The control in the substation includes the operation of circuit breakers and disconnectors, the adjustment of transformer taps, the modification of protection settings and special control.
Monitoring: continuous or regular monitoring of the system or equipment to verify whether the functions are performed correctly and make its working conditions adapt to the ever-changing operation requirements.
Automatic control: a control mode that does not require anyone to directly or indirectly operate the actuator.
Automatic control device: a device consisting of one or more relays or logic elements, which is scheduled to complete a specific automation function.
Automatic switchgear: an automatic control device that starts and operates circuit breakers and/or disconnectors in a substation according to a specific program.
Information: people give meaning to data according to the convention used to represent data.
Information capacity: the sum of all kinds of telecontrol information that can be processed by dispatching center, master station or substation.
Status information: information about the status of dual-state or multi-state operating equipment.
Monitoring information: information that transmits the status or change of substation equipment to the main station.
Event information: information for monitoring the state change of running equipment.
Telecommunication information: refers to the position status signals of main circuit breakers and disconnectors in power plants and substations, the action signals of important relay protection and automatic devices, and some operation status signals.
Remote control information: refers to the remote control of circuit breakers, switching compensation devices, split adjustment of main transformers, input and exit of automatic devices, and start and stop of generators in power plants or substations through remote control instructions.
Communication: exchange information between information source and receiver.
Serial communication: a way to transmit information (or point-to-point communication) between two devices in series through a single channel.
Parallel communication: a way of transmitting information in parallel between two devices through multiple channels (or point-to-point communication).
Optical fiber communication: a wired communication method that uses optical fiber to transmit information.
Alarm: information used to remind people to pay attention when some abnormal situations occur.
Total alarm: the alarm summarized by all individual alarms.
Group alarm: an alarm composed of several separate alarms.
Telemetry: refers to the use of communication technology to transmit the value of the measured variable.
Remote communication: refers to the remote monitoring of status information.
Remote control: refers to the remote operation of running equipment, which has two clear states.
Remote adjustment: refers to the remote operation of operating equipment with at least two set values.
Remote viewing: refers to the use of communication technology to remotely monitor the status of remote operating equipment.
Remote control pulse: refers to the remote accumulation of pulse quantity (such as electric energy) of remote control operation equipment by using communication technology.
Monitoring: Observe the operation of the system or part of the system by comparison. In the integrated automation system, the main wiring diagram, system diagram, bar chart, table, etc. Real-time data such as substation operation, equipment status and event records can be adjusted and viewed through the color display screen (large screen).
Frame: A bit sequence containing information, control and inspection areas, with a frame separator.
Information: A unit of information transmission consisting of one or more frames.
Remote control: the application of communication technology to complete telemetry, remote communication, remote control and remote adjustment functions.
Remote control system: a system that monitors and controls the production process in a wide area.
Remote command: using communication technology to complete the command to change the state of running equipment.
Telecontrol network: a whole in which several telecontrol stations communicate with each other through transmission links.
Channel: In data transmission, a single channel or frequency band for transmitting signals.
Telecontrol center: the place where the telecontrol network is controlled.
Remote control terminal: refers to the remote control device installed in the relevant dispatching mechanism of unattended substation or the independent centralized control center of central substation.
Remote monitoring terminal: refers to the remote monitoring device installed in the monitored substation, including equipment for information collection, processing, sending, command acceptance, output and execution.
Master station: control station: the station that realizes remote monitoring of substation.
Substation: controlled station: the station monitored by the main station.
Remote control terminal (RTU): refers to the remote control terminal device installed in the substation of the remote control system composed of microcomputer remote control devices. In the substation integrated automation system, it refers to the equipment that completes the functions of telecontrol data acquisition, processing, sending, receiving and outputting in the substation monitored by the master station according to the protocol.
Feeder remote terminal: it is a remote terminal installed on the pole and switch cabinet of the feeder circuit of the distribution network, which has the functions of remote communication, telemetry, remote control and fault current detection (or fault detection with fault indicator), and is called FTU；; ; The remote terminal installed in the switch station and distribution station of the feeder circuit of the distribution network, which has the functions of remote communication, telemetry, remote control and fault current detection (or fault detection with fault indicator), is called DTU.
Remote terminal of distribution transformer; The remote terminal used to monitor and measure various operating parameters of distribution transformer is called TTU.
Remote terminal of distribution automation system: it is the general name of various feeder remote terminals, distribution transformer remote terminals and medium voltage monitoring units (distribution automation and management system substations) in the distribution network.
Front-end processor: A processor that performs buffering and communication control functions for inbound or outbound data.
Background machine: a processor that collects and processes the data of the equipment in this station and completes the functions of monitoring, control, operation, statistics, reporting, management, printing and maintenance.
Modulation: the process of changing the parameters of one waveform (carrier wave) according to another signal waveform (modulation wave) to make the signal easy to transmit, reduce interference and amplify.
Demodulation: The process of recovering the original modulated signal from the modulated carrier signal.
Modem: A device that modulates and demodulates signals transmitted by remote control equipment.
Data terminal equipment: a functional unit of data station, which has the ability to input and receive computer output data; Communication control ability connected with data communication lines.
Sampling (electric drive): the process of measuring a physical quantity at finite time intervals (usually equal time intervals).
Real-time data: refers to the physical quantity recorded and monitored in real time during online operation.
Historical data: refers to the physical quantities recorded at specified time intervals or time points during online operation. Historical data of substation refers to real-time data, records, reports, curves, etc. , according to the specified time interval or special requirements.
Real-time parameters of substation operation: refers to all kinds of real-time data needed for monitoring substation operation. Mainly includes: bus voltage, system frequency; Feeder current, active power, reactive power, power factor and electric energy; Main transformer current, active power, reactive power, power factor, electric energy and temperature; Protection setting value, DC power supply voltage; Operation status of substation equipment, etc.
Operation status of substation equipment: refers to the actual operation status (closing and opening) of feeder circuit breakers and disconnectors;
The actual position of the main transformer, the status of the main transformer, whether the pressure and gas relay alarm; Protect the running state; System status of the monitored substation; Monitor the running status of the system.
Event record: record all kinds of out-of-limit monitoring, abnormality, alarm, circuit breaker displacement, equipment state change and various control operation events executed by the computer system during the operation of the substation. The event record mainly includes the name of the event, the name of related equipment, the time and content of the event, etc. Event record types are: event sequence record: circuit breaker signal displacement record; Number, displacement state and displacement time of displacement circuit breakers. Operation record and circuit breaker control: operation time, operation nature, operator and guardian; Modification of protection setting value: protection name, modification time, operator and guardian; Overrun record, overrun start-stop time and overrun value; Equipment operation record, equipment name, start and end time of equipment status, etc.
Event sequence record: Event sequence record, also known as SOE, refers to the following data recorded with relatively high time accuracy when an accident occurs in the power grid: the number of each circuit breaker whose position has changed (including the name of the substation), displacement time, displacement time, name of action protection, fault parameters, protection action time, etc.
Alarm: When the operation parameters of the substation exceed the limit, the circuit breaker moves or the protection action, the computer will pop up a window (login window or alarm window) to display the event content and give an alarm. Alarm types include: no alarm, ordinary alarm, early warning alarm, accident alarm, etc.
No alarm: normally switch or manually prohibit alarm, the remote control signal screen flashes, and the telemetry value changes color.
Ordinary alarm: the computer rings once, and others are the same as "no alarm".
Early warning and alarm: the computer rings n times, and the others are the same as "no alarm"
Accident alarm: the printer starts printing, and the computer keeps sounding until it is released manually. Others are the same as "early warning and alarm".
Print: print the information stored in the computer into a file. Printing can be divided into report printing, event printing and manual printing.
Report printing: daily report, monthly report, annual report, etc. You can set the printing time.
Event printing: remote signal displacement, protection switching back/reset, telemetry exceeding limit/reset, equipment start/stop.
Manual printing: manually select (call) reports, pictures and various records for printing and copying.
Dual-machine switching: it means that under the dual-machine configuration, when the main machine (on-duty machine) fails, the auxiliary machine can also be turned into the main machine and the main machine can be turned into the auxiliary machine under manual intervention. A multi-machine configuration is similar to a dual-machine configuration. When the main engine fails, any auxiliary engine can be converted to the main engine with manual intervention.
Channel monitoring and switching: Channel monitoring refers to the situation that when the computer system communicates with the substation measurement and control device, protection or other substation automation systems and power grid dispatching automation systems through the communication controller, the received data is statistically incorrect and there is no response for a long time. According to the channel monitoring, the system can give an alarm or take corresponding control measures. If the channel configuration is redundant, that is, a factory station has two channels, when one channel fails, the system can automatically switch to the other channel for communication.
Foresight (primitive): Foresight refers to a point that can be changed during online operation, and most of Foresight corresponds to a specific point in the database, that is, it changes with the change of real-time data when online.
Primitive: Background points will not change during online operation, but only represent some specific physical meanings.
Numerical value: a quantity that can reflect the intermittent change of data, such as the opening/closing of circuit breakers and disconnectors, and protection actions.
Analog quantity: a quantity that can reflect the continuous change of data, usually the change after decimal point. Online transmission can reflect physical quantities such as voltage, current, temperature, power and frequency.
Analog signal: A signal that appears as a continuous variable.
Digital signal: an electrical signal that is intermittent in quantity and time.
Pulse quantity: the quantity reflecting the cumulative change, which physically corresponds to active energy, reactive energy and so on.
Operating point: Operating point is a special function primitive in the system, which can adjust the picture, do remote control, press keys and so on.
Manual setting: under the condition of not issuing this command, change the existing value of the original scenic spot and carry out simulation operation.
Check box and radio box: check box means that several commands can be selected at the same time in a set of options, but only one radio box can be selected. Radio boxes are usually small circles, and check boxes are usually small squares.
Configuration files: Configuration files are used to specify the settings that some programs read when they start, and provide users with the means to modify the program settings.
Navigation map: When running online, each map has the function of setting navigation map. If the current map is too large, you can find the location through the reduced navigation map.
Accident memory: record the operation before and after the accident.
Interval layer: composed of intelligent I/O unit, control unit, control network and protection, it is the local control layer of unit equipment.
Station control layer: the central control layer, which consists of host computer and operator, engineer station, telecontrol interface equipment, etc. , facing the operation management of the whole substation.
Data acquisition: convert all kinds of electrical quantities and status signals into digital signals and store them in the computer system.
Data acquisition and monitoring system (SCADA): A system for data acquisition, monitoring and control of wide-area production process.
Data processing: systematize all kinds of data of related equipment to support the system to complete monitoring, protection control, recording and other functions.
Interface: refers to the interface or connecting device between two different systems or entities. It is defined by functional characteristics, general physical interconnection characteristics, signal characteristics and other characteristics.
Protocol: In the communication network, in order to transmit data correctly, effectively and reliably, there are a series of regulations in the process of sending and receiving communication, so as to constrain both parties to work correctly and harmoniously.
Communication protocol: a strict protocol necessary to start and maintain communication, that is, there must be a set of protocols about information transmission, information format and information content.
Link: Data transmission facilities between stations.
Link layer: The link layer is a layer of open system interconnection, which performs and controls the specified transmission service functions through link protocols.
Protocol converter: an intelligent electronic device connecting two communication networks. It can receive information from one network according to one protocol, convert information and forward it to another network according to the second protocol, and vice versa.
Remote communication interface: an interface connected to a remote control center through a remote communication network link.
Ethernet: A substation communication network recommended by IEC TC57, a local area network.
IP: internet protocol, TCP/IP standard protocol. IP defines the data packet, which is the basis of transmitting unconnected data packets. It includes control and error message protocols, and provides functions equivalent to network services and the third layer of ISO reference model.
LAN: A communication network usually confined to buildings or small industrial systems. This refers to the communication network in the substation area.
Synchronous transmission: a data transmission mode, which means that the signal appearance time of each bit is in tune with a fixed time base.
Asynchronous transmission: A data transmission mode in which each character or group of characters can be transmitted at any time.
Broadcast command: a command sent to some or all substations of the telecontrol network at the same time.
Address: the part of a message that identifies the source or destination of the message.
Porter: A unit of digital signal transmission rate equal to the number of states or signal symbols transmitted per second.
Electromagnetic interference: any electromagnetic phenomena that reduces the performance of a device, equipment or system.
Electromagnetic interference (EMI): The performance degradation of equipment, transmission channel or system caused by electromagnetic interference.
Immunity: the ability of a device, equipment or system to operate without degrading its performance when electromagnetic interference exists.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): the ability of a device or system to work normally in its electromagnetic environment and not to cause unbearable electromagnetic interference to other devices in the environment.
Unattended substation: there are no fixed operation and maintenance personnel on duty in the station, and the operation monitoring and main control operations are carried out by remote control terminals, and the equipment is regularly inspected and maintained.
Electrical secondary equipment room: the electrical secondary equipment room is a comprehensive room, which is used to arrange electrical secondary equipment that is not suitable for power distribution devices and main transformers. Such as telecontrol terminal and corresponding equipment, communication equipment, AC and DC power supply, uninterrupted power supply, relay protection, measurement and control, metering and other automation devices. Compared with the control room, the main difference is that it is not suitable as a long-term manned monitoring place.
Relay room: an independent room located in or near the power distribution device and equipped with relay protection, automatic device, transmitter, electric energy calculation and recording instrument, auxiliary relay panel and local control layer equipment.
Factory acceptance test: including the specific application parameters approved by users and the functional test of specially manufactured substation automation system or components of substation automation system.
Site acceptance test: site acceptance test verifies the correctness of every data, every control point and function of substation automation system. On-site test acceptance also includes the test of substation automation system and its surrounding operating environment conditions, as well as the test of all installed equipment using final parameters. Site acceptance prepares for the operation of substation automation system.