Turbocharger's biggest advantage is that it can not increase the engine displacement can be a substantial increase in engine power and torque, in general, after the installation of supercharger engine power and torque to increase 20% to 30%. The disadvantage of the turbocharger is lag, that is, due to the inertia of the impeller on the throttle sudden change in response to the delay in the engine to increase or reduce the output power, which is to suddenly accelerate or overtake the car, the moment will be a little bit of the feeling of not being able to get up to speed.
First of all, let's talk about the principle of turbocharger structure, exhaust gas turbocharger is mainly composed of a pump wheel and turbine, of course, there are some other control components. The pump wheel and turbine are connected by a shaft, which is the rotor, the exhaust gas from the engine drives the pump wheel, the pump wheel drives the turbine to rotate, and the turbine rotates to pressurize the air intake system. The supercharger is installed in the exhaust side of the engine, so the working temperature of the supercharger is very high, and the supercharger in the work of the rotor speed is very high, up to more than a hundred thousand revolutions per minute, such a high speed and temperature so that the common mechanical needle or ball bearings can not be for the work of the rotor, so the turbocharger is commonly used in the full-floating bearings, lubricated by the oil to lubricate, and there are coolant for the supercharger for cooling. Previously, turbochargers were mostly used in diesel engines, but now some gasoline engines are also using turbochargers. Because gasoline and diesel fuel are not burned in the same way, the form of turbocharger used in the engine is also different.
Gasoline engines are different from diesel engines, it is not air into the cylinder, but a mixture of gasoline and air, too much pressure is easy to burst into flames. Therefore, the installation of a turbocharger must avoid deflagration. There are two related issues involved here, one is high temperature control and the other is ignition time control.
Mandatory supercharging increases the temperature and pressure during compression and combustion in gasoline engines, and the tendency to deflagration increases. In addition, the gasoline engine exhaust temperature is higher than the diesel engine, and should not be used to increase the valve overlap angle (inlet and exhaust valve opening time at the same time) to enhance the exhaust cooling, reduce the compression ratio will cause inadequate combustion. Also, the gasoline engine speed is higher than the diesel engine, air flow changes, it is easy to cause the turbocharger response lag. Aiming at a series of problems arising from the use of turbochargers for gasoline engines, engineers have made targeted improvements one by one, so that gasoline engines can also be used on the exhaust gas turbocharger.
Intercooler
The temperature of the intercooler increases, which not only affects the filling efficiency, but also prone to deflagration. Therefore, it is necessary to install a device to reduce the temperature of the intake air, which is the intercooler. It is installed between the turbocharger outlet and the intake pipe to cool the air entering the cylinder. The intercooler is like a radiator, air-cooled or water-cooled, through which the heat of the air escapes into the atmosphere. According to the test, good performance of the intercooler can not only make the engine compression ratio can maintain a certain value without deflagration, while reducing the temperature can also improve the intake pressure, further increase the effective power of the engine.
Impeller
Because of the gasoline engine speed range is wide, the air flow varies greatly, so the turbocharger compression impeller shape is a complex ternary curved ultra-thin-walled impeller sheet, generally 12 to 30 pieces of leaves, radial curved arrangement, blade thickness of less than 0.5 millimeters, the use of aluminum made with a special casting method. The advantages and disadvantages of the blade shape directly affect the performance of the turbocharged engine. The more reasonable the angle of the impeller shape, the lighter the mass, the more sensitive the start of the impeller, the turbocharger's inherent defects "reaction lag" will be smaller.
Deflagration sensor
In addition to lowering the temperature to reduce the possibility of deflagration, but also the use of deflagration sensors, its role is to produce deflagration, the sensor feels abnormal vibration will immediately feed back information to the engine ECU (electronic control unit) control system, will be a little delay in the ignition timing, do not produce a deflagration and then return to normal ignition timing.
Because the car gasoline engine speed than the diesel engine, air flow rate is fast and wide range of changes, so its turbocharger has higher requirements. Modern car engines have been widely used electronic injection system, in electronic control technology and new materials with the turbocharger in the gasoline engine application will become increasingly common.
Car with the exhaust gas turbocharger are used in a single inlet turbine housing, that is to say, only the use of exhaust gas exhaust pressure energy, do not need to use other auxiliary energy. Because of the large speed range of the car engine, so the exhaust gas turbocharger must have a regulator, so that the engine can be in a certain speed range to obtain a relatively constant boost pressure. In addition, the gasoline engine is ignition ignition, its compression ratio is a certain range of limits, too high will trigger deflagration. Therefore, there is also a deflagration detection and control mechanism to adjust the ignition advance angle at any time.
Car exhaust gas turbocharger is generally installed in the exhaust pipe near the turbine and impeller were installed in the turbocharger room and turbocharger, the two coaxial rigid coupling, synchronous rotation.
The current turbocharger regulator is mostly adjusted on the exhaust side, when no boost is needed, such as idling or when there are signs of deflagration, a portion of the exhaust will be discharged through a bypass valve and not into the turbocharger. When the engine reaches 1800 rpm, a solenoid valve closes the bypass valve allowing exhaust flow to be directed to the turbo side, turning the turbo. There is also a design that adjusts the angle of the turbine blades to regulate the turbine's speed and thus the amount of boost by changing the drag.
Cooling the air shrinks it to increase its density, cramming more air into the same volume, and also prevents detonation. That's why turbochargers in cars are fitted with intercoolers, which are generally air-cooled and mounted in front of, next to or in a separate location from the engine radiator, using either the car's oncoming airflow or its own fan to cool it.
The key component of the turbocharger is the bearing. These bearings, known as "full-floating bearings" after the form of lubrication, operate at extremely high speeds and in harsh environments. Therefore, it is very important to ensure lubrication. If the oil supply is slowed down due to low oil pressure, the bearings will be damaged and the turbocharger will fail. In a normal engine start-up no such failure will occur, but if the engine is started for the first time after changing the oil and oil filter, a slow oil supply will occur, leaving the bearings without oil lubrication. In this case, idle the engine for about 3 minutes after startup, and do not increase the speed directly to the turbocharger startup speed. Similarly, in the high-speed and uphill should not make the engine stop immediately, to make the engine continue to idle for about 1 minute, so that still continue to idle turbocharger bearings will not lack of oil. Therefore, the use of turbocharger car drivers, must follow the manufacturer's instructions, but also pay close attention to the quality of the oil, the turbocharger car should not be treated as a general car to operate.
(1) solenoid valve, (2) cylinder combustion chamber, (3) intercooler, (4) air filter, (5) impeller, (6) turbine, (7) exhaust bypass valve
Lao Ao supercharger with constant power and reliable source of supply for your machine to increase the strong power
Contribute to the motherland's environmental protection construction with their own strength to build a regional environmental protection construction
Laos Ao supercharger with constant power and reliable source of supply for your machine
To contribute to the environmental protection construction in our motherland with their own strength to build a regional environmental protection construction
Lao Ao supercharger over the years to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot City, Qingshuihe County, Lama Bay Town, the center of the surrounding areas for the motherland environmental protection construction
Lao Ao formerly known as Ao Yunshan
Use of precautions
Because of turbocharger is often in high speed, high temperature work, the temperature of the turbocharger exhaust turbine end of the turbocharger at 600 ℃ or so, the turbocharger rotor at 832-1040r/min. 832-1040r / min of high-speed rotation, so in order to ensure the normal operation of the supercharger, the use of the following points should be noted:
1, can not start the car on the go. After the engine is started, especially in winter, it should be allowed to idle for a period of time, in order to allow lubricants to fully lubricate the bearings before the supercharger rotor high-speed operation. So just after the start must not slam the throttle, in order to prevent damage to the supercharger oil seal.
2, can not immediately turn off the engine. After a long time of high-speed engine operation, can not immediately turn off the engine. Engine work, a part of the oil supply turbocharger rotor bearing lubrication and cooling. After the engine is running suddenly stopped, the oil pressure quickly dropped to zero, the turbocharger turbine part of the high temperature to the middle, the bearing bearing shell heat can not be quickly taken away, while at the same time the turbocharger rotor is still under the action of inertia high-speed rotation, so the engine is hot if the engine is suddenly shut down, it will cause the turbocharger stagnant oil overheating and damage to the bearings and shafts. Therefore, after the engine load, long time running, before turning off the engine should be idling 3-5min, so that the speed of the supercharger rotor down before turning off the engine. In particular, to prevent sudden stalling after a few kicks of throttle.
3, keep clean. When disassembling the supercharger, to keep clean, each pipe joint must be plugged with a clean cloth, to prevent debris from falling into the supercharger, damage to the rotor. Maintenance should be careful not to collision damage to the impeller, if you need to replace the impeller, it should be done dynamic balance test. After reassembly, to remove the blockage.
4, because the supercharger is often in high temperature operation, its lubricating oil pipeline due to high temperature, the internal oil is easy to have part of the coking, which will cause the supercharger bearing lubrication is not enough and damage. Therefore, the lubricating oil line should be cleaned after running for a period of time.
5, often pay attention to check the operation of the supercharger. Before leaving the car, after collecting the car, should check the connection of the airway tubes, to prevent loose, fall off and cause the supercharger failure and air short-circuit into the cylinder.
It can be seen that the engine has been pressurized, the structure of the components have been strengthened, from the use, maintenance, we must strengthen the engine's mandatory maintenance work, pay attention to the use of the correct method of operation.
So the engine load, after a long time running, before turning off the engine should be idling 3-5min, so that the speed of the supercharger rotor down before turning off the engine. Especially to prevent sudden stalling after slamming the throttle a few times
-------That's what the stall delay device is for!
In the last 30 years, turbochargers have become commonplace in many types of automobiles, making up for some of the inherent shortcomings of naturally aspirated engines by allowing the engine to increase its output by more than 10 percent
without changing the amount of exhaust gas. Therefore, many automobile manufacturers have adopted this supercharging technology to improve the engine output power, in order to realize the high performance of the car.
China's current market launch of vehicles with turbocharger mainly Audi 1.8T, Passat 1.8T
Engine turbocharger common failures and methods of treatment
Turbocharger is used to improve engine power and reduce exhaust emissions of the important parts. Due to improper use, maintenance and repair, prone to failure, resulting in the engine can not work properly. In this paper, some common turbocharger faults and treatment methods are described as follows:
1 turbocharger oil leakage
Phenomenon 1: oil consumption is large, but the exhaust smoke color is normal, the power is not reduced.
Reason: This situation is generally caused by oil leakage.
Treatment:
(1) first of all, you should check the engine lubrication system external oil pipe (including supercharger inlet and return pipe) whether the oil leakage;
(2) check whether the supercharger exhaust gas discharge outlet oil. If there is oil, it can be determined that the turbine end of the sealing ring is damaged, should replace this sealing ring.
Phenomenon 2: oil consumption, exhaust blue smoke, but power does not decline.
Reason: due to oil leakage at the presser end of the supercharger, oil through the engine intake pipe into the combustion chamber is burned off caused by the following possibilities:
(1) supercharger return pipe is not smooth, the oil is accumulated in the middle of the rotor assembly at the middle support, along the rotor shaft into the pressurized air impeller.
(2) the sealing ring or oil ring near the end of the pressure impeller is damaged, the oil enters the impeller chamber, and then enters the combustion chamber with the pressurized air in the chamber through the inlet pipe.
Treatment:
(1) Open the air outlet of the pressurizer or the engine intake hose (rubber hose), and see if the oil adheres to the pipe mouth and pipe wall. If so, please check whether the supercharger oil return pipe is free. If it is not clear, it is caused by excessive oil accumulation at the center support, and the oil return pipe should be unclogged and reinstalled.
(2) If smooth, it is due to the impeller end of the sealing ring or oil ring damage, should disassemble the supercharger to repair.
Phenomenon three: oil consumption, exhaust blue or black smoke, and power down.
Reason:
(1) the gap between the piston and cylinder wear is too large, oil into the combustion chamber and burned.
(2) air in the process of being sucked by the supercharger, the air flow encountered greater resistance. (Such as air filter element clogging, air intake hose is sucked deformed or flattened, etc.), the pressure at the air inlet of the pressurizer is low, resulting in oil leakage into the pressurizer, along with the compressed air into the combustion chamber burned.
Treatment:
(1) Check whether there is oil in the wall of the intake straight hose, whether it is flattened, so that the airflow is blocked or the air filter element is blocked.
(2) If there is oil in the mouth and wall of the tube, the air filter element should be cleaned or replaced.
2 metal friction sound
Phenomenon: exhaust black smoke, power drop, and the supercharger has a strange sound.
Reason:
(1) If there is a metal friction sound, it is the supercharger rotor bearing or thrust bearing is too much wear and tear, the impeller and supercharger shell friction.
(2) if not metal friction sound, but the air flow sound, it is due to the supercharger rotor rotating at high speed, resulting in the rotating sound, or inlet and exhaust interface due to the connection of bad air leakage phenomenon.
Treatment:
(1) the former should be depending on the wear and tear to replace the damaged spare parts for repair.
(2) The latter should be carefully differentiated, targeted solutions.
3 Supercharger bearing damage
Phenomenon: supercharger bearing damage, engine power drop, high oil consumption, black smoke, serious supercharger can not work.
Cause:
(1) Insufficient lubricant pressure and flow.
a. Insufficient supply of lubricating oil to the supercharger journal and thrust bearing;
b. Insufficient lubricating oil to keep the rotor journal and bearing floating;
c. The supercharger has been operated at high speeds and the lubricating oil has not been supplied in time.
(2) Debris or sediment enters the lubrication system.
(3) The oil is oxidized and deteriorated.
a. The diesel oil is overheated, and too much gas escapes from between the piston and the cylinder wall;
b. Cooling water leaks into the oil;
c. The oil is improperly selected, and the oil is not replaced regularly as specified.
Treatment:
(1) Check whether the lubricating oil pressure is normal and whether the oil quantity meets the requirements.
(2) Replace the lubricating oil regularly and ensure that the lubricating oil is clean according to the specified requirements.
(3) Strictly according to the specified requirements, the use of lubricating oil, not mixed.
(4) The engine should be avoided in high temperature conditions, to maintain the normal operating temperature of the engine.