For a long time, China has called the population whose per capita annual income is less than 786 yuan "absolute poverty population". By the end of 2007, the absolute poverty population was14.97 million. People whose per capita annual income is between 786 yuan and 1067 yuan are called "relatively poor population" and "low-income population". By the end of 2007, the number of low-income people was 284 1000.
After the poverty alleviation standard was raised, the two lines of "absolute poverty line" and "low-income population line" were merged into one line, and the target population of poverty alleviation and development increased by 28414.97 million on the basis of the original "absolute poverty population", totaling about 43.2 million, accounting for 4.6% of the total rural population.
The person in charge of the the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office said that raising the poverty alleviation standard now means that the original 284 1 10,000 "low-income population" will also enjoy the national poverty alleviation policy, indicating that China has the ability to benefit more poor people, which is a manifestation of the improvement of national strength. In the future, poverty alleviation standards will be gradually improved with the enhancement of the country's comprehensive strength, so as to promote all people to enjoy the fruits of reform and development. In order to realize the effective connection between poverty alleviation and development and the rural minimum living standard system, in 2009, our province carried out the work of "two types of population" in rural areas. It is an urgent task to make use of the achievements of "two types of population" to study and formulate policies and measures to help the poor to the households. To this end, the research team of the Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office went deep into 8 townships (towns) 10 villages in Dawu and Baokang County and conducted a "100-household survey" on rural poor households.
Poor households have low income levels and weak ability to expand reproduction.
The villages where the surveyed 100 poor households are located are all key poverty-stricken villages. At present, there are 2,039 households with 8,352 people in 10 village, among which 829 households with 2,789 people with annual per capita net income below 1 196 yuan, and the incidence of poverty is 33.4%. Excluding the objects of civil assistance, there are 544 households with 2230 people who have the ability to work and the desire to get rid of poverty, accounting for 26.67% of the total households and 26.7% of the total population. The research group randomly selected 100 households and 544 households with 340 people, and conducted detailed household interviews around income.
Low income level. In 2008, the total income of 100 poor households was 429,599 yuan, the average household income was 4,596 yuan, and the per capita income was 1.263 yuan. After deducting the production cost, the per capita net income is 908 yuan.
Single source of income. 100 poor households' agricultural income accounts for 58.7% of the total income, of which 4 1 household and11person are pure farmers, accounting for 4 1% and 32.6% of the total respectively. More than half of the farmers earn part-time jobs, mostly odd jobs and short-term jobs, and most of them work nearby. In 2008, the average income per 100 households was 1 197 yuan, and the per capita income was 352 yuan.
Existing income can only maintain a low level of survival. According to the survey of 50 poor households in Dawu County, Engel's coefficient (the proportion of food expenditure to income) ranges from 70% to 90%. According to FAO standards, 60% Engel coefficient is a threshold to solve the problem of food and clothing and poverty alleviation. It can be seen that these 50 households are still relatively poor. The situation of 50 households surveyed in Baokang County is similar.
Expanding reproduction capacity is quite fragile. The income of poor households is too low, which makes them hardly expand the accumulation of reproduction except maintaining their basic survival.
Unreasonable consumption structure and rigid expenditure lead to poor households' debts.
At present, in rural areas, due to the low income of poor households, farmers' rigid consumption expenditures such as education and medical care cannot be completely exempted. Poor households have to borrow money for consumption and "overdraw" consumption. As a result, life is more difficult and the economy is more difficult, and they are caught in the "poverty swamp".
First, education expenditure is large. According to the survey, some relatively open-minded farmers hope that their children can change poverty through reading. But in reality, "socialization and industrialization of education" has increased the burden on farmers' families. According to the survey, a high school student in Baokang County needs at least 3,000 yuan for tuition, miscellaneous fees, training fees and living expenses. Poor families whose annual per capita net income is less than 1000 yuan can only borrow money for their children to attend high school.
Second, the medical expenditure is large. The labor force of poor households in 10 villages surveyed is *** 1525, and 550 people are seriously ill, accounting for 36% of the total poor labor force. Although the vast majority of poor households have participated in the new rural cooperative medical system, poor farmers are "slightly ill and seriously ill" because of the low standard (the direct consumption of farmers' clinics is only in 9 yuan).
Third, the expenditure on building houses is large. Cadres in Huchong Village, Dawu County reported that in recent years, nine out of ten households in the village built new houses by borrowing, and nearly 20 households became poor households because of building houses.
The low quality of labor force is the main feature and fundamental reason of accumulated poverty.
Making ends meet all the year round will inevitably lead to poverty and weakness. In the survey of 100 households, the number of poor households formed in recent years is less than 10%, and the vast majority of poor households are accumulated poverty, and some old poor households in the village are even poor for generations.
The cultural quality of poor households' labor force is obviously low. 10 village has 279 illiterate and semi-illiterate poor laborers, accounting for18.3%; 720 pupils, accounting for 47.2%; 445 junior high school students, accounting for 29.2%; High school (secondary vocational school) culture 76 people, accounting for 5%; College degree or above 5 people, accounting for 0.3%.
The physical quality of poor households' labor force is obviously deviated. 10 villages 86 1 The poor labor force is healthy, accounting for 56.5% of the total poor labor force. A survey of 100 households showed that 38 households had perennial patients, accounting for 38%.
Poor households have a backward concept of labor force. This is not only reflected in the deep-rooted awareness of small farmers and food and clothing, but also in the fact that structural adjustment and technological upgrading are not paid attention to in production and operation.
Poor households and grassroots cadres have "three expectations"
I hope that the minimum living allowance policy will be fully covered. Among the 100 households surveyed, 34 households enjoy the minimum living allowance policy, accounting for 34%. In this regard, rural cadres said that due to limited financial resources and limited indicators, it is still impossible to fully participate in the insurance.
Second, I hope that the matching funds will be completely exempted. Under the condition of market economy, poor households are increasingly backward because of unfair starting point and inferior competition. They can't ask others to jog. They just hope that the policy can be patronized more, and at the same time, they hope to reduce the self-raised supporting funds, such as tap water household fees, biogas construction supporting fees, and self-raised parts of village roads. , so as to realize the enjoyment of public services.
Third, I hope that poverty alleviation projects can really reach households. According to the survey results of "Poverty Alleviation Projects Needing Most Support" set by the research group, 55 households in 100 want to support "developing industries", 10 want to support "improving skills" and 35 want to support "improving living environment".
Some thoughts and suggestions on promoting poverty alleviation to households
At present, the work of "two types of population" in our province has been basically completed. Therefore, at present, when formulating the outline of poverty alleviation and development in the next decade, we should put poverty alleviation to households in a more prominent position, and give more attention and inclination from ideas, policies and measures.
Adhere to the working idea of "paying equal attention to three things". First, when determining the target of support, we should give equal importance to solving group poverty and regional poverty, and pay more attention to solving group poverty. Second, in the choice of support methods, we should pay equal attention to development and security, and pay more attention to improving the self-development ability of the poor through development-oriented poverty alleviation. Third, in the choice of households, both direct and indirect households are equally important, and more attention is paid to direct households.
Highlight the key points of "four basics" work. The first is to help develop basic industries. Second, it helps to improve basic quality. The third is to help improve basic production and living conditions. The fourth is to help safeguard the basic participation rights of poor households and continuously improve their social status.
Improve the "one-on-one" mechanism for party member cadres to help poor households. On the basis of continuing to promote the working mechanism of "132 1" to help poor villages, party member cadres at the county and township levels are required to help 1-2 poor households, and the measures of "three help and one help" are implemented, that is, to help change ideas, formulate poverty alleviation development plans, help improve basic capabilities, and support the construction of an industry or a project to get rich.
First, formulate the fund policy of poverty alleviation projects under the pattern of "great poverty alleviation", correctly handle the relationship between special poverty alleviation and "great poverty alleviation", and adjust the investment of special poverty alleviation projects. Second, correctly handle the relationship between direct support to households and indirect support to households, and increase the proportion of funds for poverty alleviation projects directly to households. Third, correctly handle the relationship between mass self-reliance and project support, and explore the incentive mechanism of supporting households with awards instead of subsidies.
Vigorously implement the "capacity building project for poor households". The fundamental purpose of farmers' poverty alleviation is to improve the self-development ability and self-poverty alleviation ability of poor households. The capacity building of poor households is very important, so it is imperative to vigorously implement the "capacity building project for poor households".
There are two funding schemes: 1 green channel loan. You can go to the funding center of the local education bureau to ask about related matters. The local education bureau has a funding center that is responsible for this matter. When you receive the notice, there should be a similar family economic questionnaire. Fill in this form, stamp it and bring it to the school in duplicate, where you can enjoy the state free grant. Attachment: It is generally not difficult to identify poverty with four levels of extreme poverty (if the family is really poor, it is recommended that the average monthly income of the family should not exceed 150/200 years, and the average annual income of the urban household registration book should be pushed by the monthly income. In this case, you should be able to get financial aid. You should take the initiative to contact the relevant departments and schools to see how to go through the formalities. The specific procedures should be different in different regions. I hope you can achieve something in college and then make your own contribution to your family. By the way, after studying, you can seek work-study programs from teachers or other aspects. Study hard and don't do things you shouldn't do. Although you sometimes want to try (such as falling in love or infatuating with online games), you should know your responsibilities. When you are capable again, these things will appear in front of you. Learn your own things well. You will have unexpected gains. There will also be many opportunities at school. Generally speaking, if you can show your specialty, you can get some rewards. All right.