Mengzi said, "As we are old, so are we old; as we are young, so are we young." The Book of Rites? Rites of Passage" wrote: "so that the old have an end, the strong have a use, the young have a long, widows and widowers, orphans, disabled and sick people have support." These ancient phrases are very familiar to all of us, expressing the ancient people's longing for social harmony and reflecting the ancient people's expectation of a good livelihood security.
Generally speaking, the social security system refers to the system and measures by which the state and society provide material assistance to members of society who have difficulties in their lives and safeguard their basic livelihood. It is a product of the development of productive forces to a certain stage, and is an important symbol of social progress. 1880s, the world's first complete social security system was established in Germany. After more than 100 years of development, it has become an indispensable social and economic system in modern countries.
In China, although the concept of "social security" was put forward relatively late, the systems and institutions that have emerged throughout history to provide disaster relief and preparedness, help the poor and needy, and care for the elderly and the young have in fact fulfilled the function of social security. After the founding of New China, we established a social security system to go with the planned economy, but the level of protection at that time was relatively low and inefficient. After the reform and opening up, and especially after the 14th Party Congress established the reform goal of a socialist market economy system, we began to explore the establishment of a sound social security system compatible with the market economy, and successively set up systems for medical insurance, old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, and work-related injury insurance.
The practice of 29 years of reform and opening up has proved that the establishment and improvement of the social security system is an important part of the development of China's social undertakings, and that it has an irreplaceable and important role in realizing scientific development and promoting social harmony. To summarize, the social security system has the following four roles.
One is the role of the "safety net". Social security, people's security. The core function of the social security system is to protect the people in old age, unemployment, illness, industrial injury, childbirth, basic income and basic medical care will not be affected, no income, low income, and suffered all kinds of accidental disasters of the people have a source of livelihood, to meet their basic needs for survival, to relieve them of their worries, and build a "safety net" for the people. "
These are the first of a series of measures that will be taken by the government.
The second is the role of "equalizer". The social security system has the function of income redistribution, regulating part of the income of the middle and high-income groups, raising the standard of protection for the lowest-income groups, reducing poverty, and appropriately narrowing the income gap between different members of the community, so that it is maintained at a moderate level. In this way, not only can the current gap between urban and rural areas, regions and members of society in China be narrowed to a certain extent, and social fairness and justice be promoted, but also the overall welfare level of society can be increased.
Third, the "booster" role. A perfect social security system is not only conducive to improving the quality of workers, promoting the orderly flow of labor, to a certain extent, stimulate the vitality of China's economy, and promote faster economic development, but also to avoid excessive expansion of social consumption, guiding the consumption structure is more reasonable, balancing the total social supply and demand, and helping to prevent fluctuations in economic development, and achieve better development.
Fourth, the role of "stabilizer". A sound social security system can establish various risk protection measures for workers, help them eliminate and resist various market risks, and avoid a series of conflicts arising from the lack of basic livelihood protection, thus maintaining social stability. In addition, actively encourage the first rich people enthusiastic about social welfare, to help those in need of groups, but also can melt the relationship between the various social classes, so that the different classes of society live in harmony, *** with progress.
How do you look at the achievements and challenges of building China's social security system?
"Pay ten dollars and see a doctor for a year!" This is a vivid description of the new rural cooperative medical system by many farmers. Since January 2003, the new rural cooperative medical system has been piloted in some areas of the country. The main approach of this system is to focus on the coordination of major illnesses, with due consideration given to minor illnesses, and individual farmers only need to pay 10 yuan to enjoy the double subsidies from the central and local governments, with a maximum of tens of thousands of yuan in subsidies. As of the end of March 2007, 2,319 counties (cities and districts) in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, or 81.03 per cent of the country's total, had launched pilot projects, and 685 million farmers, or nearly 80 per cent of the country's agricultural population, had participated in rural cooperative medical care. It is expected that by the end of 2008, a new type of rural cooperative medical care system will have been basically established in China's vast rural areas. The implementation and promotion of the new rural cooperative medical care system is a silhouette of the rapid development of China's social security endeavors. After a long period of effort, China's social security has now made great progress, initially forming the overall framework of the social security system, and playing an increasingly important role in promoting reform, development and stability.
In terms of social insurance, the scope of coverage of old-age pension, medical care, unemployment, work-related injuries and maternity has continued to expand, and the support capacity of the social security fund has been gradually strengthened. In recent years, the number of people covered by social insurance has increased by about 6 percent a year, and the income of the social security fund has increased by about 20 percent a year. By the end of 2006, the number of people covered by basic pension, medical care, unemployment, work-related injury and maternity insurance nationwide was 187.66 million, 157.32 million, 111.87 million, 102.68 million and 64.59 million respectively. The total income of the five social security funds amounted to 862.6 billion yuan, with expenditures of 647.2 billion yuan,*** accumulating 823.9 billion yuan. The number of rural pension insurance participants nationwide reached 53.74 million people, accumulating funds of 35.4 billion yuan.
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