Key Technical Points for Drones
Unmanned aircraft are referred to as ? UAV? , abbreviated as ?UAV?, is the use of radio remote control equipment and self-provided program control device manipulation of unmanned aircraft. So, here are the key technical points of the UAV brought to you by me, welcome to read and browse.
First, the power technology
Continuity is a major obstacle to the development of UAVs, consumer-grade multi-rotor range time is basically about 20min, the user out of the flight had to carry more than one battery backup, resulting in the use of the operation of the great inconvenience. UAVs must achieve breakthroughs in power in order to embark on new revolutionary heights.
1. New batteries
In 2015, Energy Or Technologies Ltd. from Montreal, Canada, reported that a quadcopter with a fuel cell had a 3-hour, 43-minute endurance flight. In addition, three battery technologies, graphene, aluminum-air batteries, and nanobatteries, are expected to be the hope for the future of the battery world. There is a very urgent need for these new battery technologies. They will first be used in cell phones and electric cars, and then in multi-rotors.
2. Hybrid power
In 2015, US startup Top Flight Technologies reported on its own development of a hybrid hexacopter drone. The hexacopter requires only 1 gallon of gasoline to fly for two and a half hours, a distance of about 160 kilometers, and a maximum weight of about 9 kilograms. In addition, a company from Germany, Airstier, has launched a multi-rotor. The multi-rotor is powered by a hybrid of gasoline and electricity, with a payload of 5 kilograms, and can fly for one hour.
3. Ground-powered
Ground-powered tethered multicopters, which use cables to deliver electricity to the multicopter, can greatly improve the multicopter's lag time. For example: the Israeli company Skysapience rotor.
4. Wireless charging
Wireless charging technology has already been marketed in cell phones, electric toothbrushes, and other electronic products, and is being y applied in the field of electric vehicles. Sky Sense, a startup from Berlin, Germany, offers a solution for outdoor charging of drones: it has developed a flat panel that can wirelessly charge drones. the most important feature of Sky Sense is that it can be remotely controlled, and the landing of a drone? The most important feature of Sky Sense is that it can be controlled remotely. The most important feature of Sky Sense is that it can be controlled remotely, so that the whole process of landing, charging and taking off can be realized independently, without the need for someone to intervene and assist on site. If the charging time is faster, then the wireless charging technology will greatly help the multi-rotor for long distance flights.
Navigation
The drone knows exactly where it? where it is? where it is, where it is going? Where are they going? , almost similar to humans? where they came from and where they are going? philosophical questions that are inescapable at any stage of UAV development.
1. Positioning Technology
(1) GPS Carrier Phase Positioning
Currently, research projects in this area include: Piksi, developed by Swift Navigation; and RTKLIB, an open-source project developed by Tokyo Maritime University.
(2) Multi-source Positioning
The British military BAE recently announced their development of a positioning technology called NAVSOP. This technology will utilize information including TV, radio, Wi-Fi, etc. to locate the position and make up for the shortcomings of GPS.
(3) UWB (Ultra Wideband) Wireless Positioning
2. Speed Measurement Technology
Currently recognized as a more accurate solution for speed measurement is to measure the speed of a vehicle by using a visual (optical flow) sensor. vision (optical flow) + ultrasound + inertial guidance?
The PX4 Self-Pilot open source project provides the open source optical flow sensor PX4Flow. the sensor helps the multi-rotor hover accurately without GPS. DJI launched the ? Woo? and the ?Phantom3? and ?Phantom4? also use the technology.
3. Obstacle avoidance technology
Letting a drone in flight ? long glasses? that can recognize obstacles in the flight path and accurately fly around or hover is an important step in realizing the intelligence of drones. Future UAV obstacle avoidance technology will realize breakthroughs in these aspects:
(1) depth camera obstacle avoidance technology;
(2) sonar system obstacle avoidance technology;
(3) ? Vision+Memristor? Obstacle avoidance technology;
(4) Binocular vision obstacle avoidance technology;
(5) Small electronically scanned radar;
(6) Laser scanning ranging radar;
(7) Four-dimensional radar.
4. Tracking Technology
Identifying targets and tracking flights reduces the user's operational burden and enables the use of UAVs to perform special tasks under special environmental conditions. Intelligent tracking is mainly:
(1) GPS tracking;
(2) visual tracking.
These technologies are now available on advanced models such as the DJI Phantom4.
Third, interaction technology
Drones are currently mainly controlled by remote control for flight, which requires professional training and has certain limitations. With the development of new technologies, drones should simplify the requirements for operators and enhance the user experience.
(1) Gesture control technology
Gesture interaction is a future trend in human-computer interaction, and there are currently challenges in accuracy. On the CES2014 show floor, there was a demonstration of using the MYO gesture control arm to control the AR.Drone 2.0 quadcopter.
(2) Brain-Computer Interface Technology
In recent years, researchers have utilized BCI (Brain Computer Interface) technology in a number of fields, with scientists using the technology to create new toys and prosthetics for the disabled. As a vehicle that requires a high level of safety, this approach is currently immature. It can be used as a technology demonstration of a validation nature, which is still quite a distance away from reality.
Fourth, communication technology
(1) 4G/5G communication technology
On June 17, 2013, the Beijing 4G Alliance, together with the Drone Alliance, organized and held a seminar on communication between the 4G Alliance and the Drone Alliance, aiming to strengthen the exchange of technology between the Beijing 4G Alliance and the Drone Alliance. Drone Alliance technical exchanges between the UAV Alliance, looking for the focus of the UAV airborne payload and 4G equipment and instruments, to promote the development of the information industry in Beijing. 2015, China Mobile to develop 4G ?Super Air Warriors? device, which can support aerial images to be taken and transmitted instantly.5G, which is 250 times faster than today's standard LTE network connection speeds, marks a new milestone in the wireless industry. Both smartphones, as well as automobiles, medical devices, drones, and other devices, will benefit from this wireless connection speed.
(2) Wifi communication technology
In 2013, Germany's Karlsruhe Institute of Technology developed a new wireless wide area network technology that broke the record for the fastest WiFi network speeds, allowing users 1 kilometer away to download up to 40GB per second.Since the transmission distance of such a device is greater than that of a regular Since the transmission distance of this device is much wider than the coverage area of a normal WiFi router, this device is very suitable for drone aerial photography mapping or for rural areas where fiber optic deployment is inconvenient.
V. Chip technology
(1) At CES 2014, Qualcomm and Intel demonstrated a more feature-rich multi-axis aerial vehicle. For example, the Snapdragon Cargo drone shown at Qualcomm CES is a flight controller developed based on Qualcomm's Snapdragon chip, which has wireless communication, sensor integration, and spatial localization, etc. In September 2015, according to the U.S. tech news website Engadget, Qualcomm has launched a chip solution for the drone market,. named ? Snapdragon Flight Platform?
Intel CEO Brian Krzanich also personally demoed their drone at CES, featuring a PCI-express custom card with a quad-core Intel Atom processor. In addition, XMOS, a European processor vendor active in the robotics market, also said it has entered the drone space.
(2) 3DR made a statement about working with Intel Intel*** to develop the Edison chip, a new type of miniature processing chip. It is the size of a dime, but has the same processing power as a personal computer.
(3) Currently, a number of technology companies, including IBM, are simulating the brain and developing neuron chips. And once similar chips are applied to drones, autonomous response and automatic recognition are expected to be a breeze.
Six, platform technology
(1) ?Dronecode? of the drone open source system
In October 2014, the famous open source foundation Linux launched a drone open source system called ?Dronecode? a collaborative project that includes tech giants such as 3D Robotics, Intel, Qualcomm, and Baidu in the project team, with the aim of providing drone developers with the resources, tools, and technical support they need to accelerate the development of the drone and robotics space.
(2) Ubuntu 15.04 operating system
The IoT version of Ubuntu 15.04 is the smallest and most secure version of Ubuntu yet, and it's very streamlined and suitable for publishers, tech professionals, and developers to be able to use it for drones and more.
(3) Airware releases enterprise drone system
Airware aims to help organizations quickly and efficiently deploy and manage commercial unmanned aerial vehicles through a standardized drone software system. The system has been officially released on Thursday. Through the combination of hardware and software, Airware has successfully achieved the goal of unifying the management of multiple different models and brands of UAVs on a single software platform. The Airware product has already been adopted by two partners, General Electric, which is also an investor in Airware, and Infinigy, a communications company.
VII. ATC Technology
(1) In 2014, Airware plans to launch a series of flight and lab tests for different types of UAVs (quadcopters, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft) at NASA California.
(2) Startup SkyWard is working on a drone traffic control system that will allow thousands of drones to fly over cities without colliding with each other.Skyward is working with the FAA and the world's top three drone manufacturers ? domestic DJI, U.S.-based 3D Robotics and France's Parrot?to prove that large numbers of drones can safely **** exist in crowded airspace.
(3) NASA and space technology company Exelis have teamed up to develop a prototype drone air traffic control system.
(4) Transtrex, based in Seattle, released a beta version of its Dynamic Geospatial Restriction System for Drones software. The system is designed to ensure that drones are safely regulated to fly at an altitude of 500 feet.
(5) At the 3rd AOPA (Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association) International Flight Training Show, the ?U Cloud? drone regulatory system for light and small drones, developed by China's AOPA in conjunction with a number of companies, was announced.
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