This type of metallogenic series was formed in the Mesozoic continental margin active zone, and the mineralization was related to the Indosinian-Yanshanian crust source and the mixed crust-mantle continental acid-acid volcanic-intrusive rocks, including 1 1 metallogenic series. In space, the Zhejiang-Fujian-Guangdong-Sn-Pb-Zn pyrophyllite metallogenic belt, the Zhejiang-Jiangxi-Tungsten-Sn fluorite metallogenic belt and the Guangdong-Fujian-Tungsten-Sn polymetallic metallogenic belt, which are mainly distributed in South China's metallogenic province, belong to the important part of the western volcanic-abyssal belt of the continental margin metallogenic system around the Pacific Ocean. Followed by Gangdise chromite muscovite metallogenic belt in Tibet and Songpan-Ganzi gold-silver muscovite metallogenic belt in Sichuan-Yunnan metallogenic province.
This kind of metallogenic series developed in South China and Sichuan-Yunnan areas in the early Indosinian-Yanshan period. There are Nanping-type Ta-Nb deposit related to Indosinian pegmatite, Diaoluokeng porphyry-skarn tungsten polymetallic deposit related to early Yanshanian porphyry biotite adamellite and its contact zone, Feng Ping hydrothermal lead-zinc deposit related to Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanic sedimentary rocks and Yanshanian granite porphyry, and Nanshanxia hydrothermal fluorite deposit. Layered skarn type iron ore (Makeng type, Pantian type) and hydrothermal vein type lead-zinc ore (Longfengchang type, Zhong Wei type) occur in Carboniferous-Permian carbonate rocks and Triassic clastic rocks in the outer contact zone of biotite granite and (biotite) potash granite in the early Yanshan period, and are located in the adjacent zone of Indosinian depression in the west of Fujian and the volcanic fault zone in the southeast edge of Fujian. Late Triassic dacite-rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks and sedimentary sand argillaceous rocks in Ganzi-Litang island arc belt produced Gacun-type and Xia Sai-type altered rock-type silver polymetallic deposits and Gala-Qiuluo-type altered rock-type gold deposits related to structural deformation and alteration. The Indosinian granite in Danba-Kangding area and its outer contact zone produces methyl Skar pegmatite-type lithium beryllium deposits and Ruoshan-type crystal deposits, and Danba-type muscovite deposit occurs in Paleozoic shallow metamorphic rocks in the far contact zone.
The middle and late Yanshan period is the peak of the formation of this metallogenic series type, which is widely developed in the southeast coastal areas of South China metallogenic province. The deposit types are mainly volcanic, skarn and hydrothermal, and the main minerals are iron, lead, zinc, gold, silver, fluorite, pyrophyllite and alunite deposits. The ore-bearing volcanic rocks along the coast of Zhejiang and Fujian are rhyolite-dacite tuff of Moshishan Group of Upper Jurassic, tuff of Yongkang Group of Lower Cretaceous, tuff siltstone, tuff silty mudstone and glutenite. Volcanic rocks dominated by fluorite, gold, silver and hydrothermal deposits are distributed in Lishui-Ningbo uplift belt in southeastern Zhejiang. Zhilingtou-type gold deposit is mainly controlled by the altered structural belt in the cryptoexplosive breccia tube of the volcanic passage and the volcanic rocks of the Moshishan Group or the metamorphic rocks of the Ba Du Group in Proterozoic. Wuyi-type fluorite deposits, Liang 'ao-type pyrophyllite deposits and pneumatic kaolin deposits occur in the volcanic rocks of Moshishan Group at a certain distance from the volcanic mechanism, and belong to the middle and late Yanshan period. Lead-zinc mine and pyrophyllite alunite are mainly volcanic rocks, and hydrothermal deposits are distributed in Wenzhou-Linhai depression zone and eastern Fujian volcanic fault zone. Wubu Pb-Zn deposit is strictly controlled by NW-trending and N-S-trending fault zones, and is closely related to porphyry in the late Yanshan period. Among the volcanic-sedimentary rocks of Moshishan Group in Upper Jurassic and Yongkang Group in Lower Cretaceous, there are Yamaguchi-Emei pyrophyllite deposit and Xianyan-Fanshan bauxite deposit.
This type of ore-forming series formed in the late Yanshan period is small in number and scattered in distribution. South China's metallogenic provinces are rich in Lianhuashan-type tungsten deposits, Zijinshan-type copper-gold deposits, Xiling-type tin deposits, Shipingchuan-type molybdenum deposits and Chilu-type molybdenum deposits related to late Yanshanian porphyry, granite porphyry, quartz porphyry and other subvolcanic rocks or ultrashallow intrusions. The main deposit types are porphyry type, chronological vein type, greisen type and hydrothermal type. There are Cuomolong skarn tin deposits related to late Yanshanian granite and Upper Triassic Tumugou limestone in Sichuan-Yunnan metallogenic area. From the late Yanshanian to the early Himalayan in Tibet, there are nano-pegmatite-hydrothermal muscovite (fluorite asbestos) deposits and Lhasa-type skarn-hydrothermal iron deposits related to granitoids.
(2) Metallogenic series types of tungsten, tin, molybdenum, lead, zinc, niobium and tantalum (copper, bismuth, gold, silver, mercury, fluorite, crystal, pyrite, bentonite and barite) deposits related to crustal granite in continental tectonic magmatic belt (type 2).
The metallogenic series type was formed in Mesozoic continental tectonic magmatic belt (intracontinental activation belt), and the mineralization was related to Indosinian-Yanshanian crust-derived granitoids, including 20 metallogenic series. Widely distributed in South China metallogenic belt, Sulu gold barite metallogenic belt in North China metallogenic belt and Sanjiang gypsum tin-iron metallogenic belt in Sichuan-Yunnan metallogenic belt.
In Indosinian period, pegmatite type tantalum-niobium ore and altered rock type gold ore were mainly formed. Hengshan-type Ta-Nb deposit is located in the eastern part of Caledonian uplift after yunkai, and occurs in metamorphic rocks at the top or bulge of East-Hercynian mixed granite in Hugary and its outer contact zone. Ermei and Baolun gold deposits are located in the south-central part of Baoban uplift in western Hainan, and they are located in the Great Wall or Ordovician metamorphic rocks and Silurian shallow metamorphic rocks respectively. Mineralization is mainly related to Indosinian metamorphism, migmatization and dynamic metamorphism.
In the early Yanshanian, the types of metallogenic series were concentrated in the adjacent areas of Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Guangdong. The deposit types are mainly skarn type, chronological vein type and hydrothermal type, and the main minerals are tungsten, tin, molybdenum, copper, lead and zinc. Granite rock types related to tungsten-tin deposits mainly include biotite granite and porphyritic biotite granite, biotite potash granite and muscovite alkali feldspar granite. The isotopic age of the rock mass is 2 12 ~ 136 Ma, the initial strontium ratio is 0.7 130 ~ 0.7880, and the metallogenic age is 167.9 ~ 6544. Granite rocks related to polymetallic deposits are mainly granite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, dacite porphyry and porphyry (biotite) granite, with isotopic age of 239 ~ 134 Ma, initial strontium ratio of 0.7 139 ~ 0.722 1 and metallogenic age of1.
In the middle and late Yanshanian, the metallogenic series developed in Sulu metallogenic belt in North China and Gui Xiang, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian metallogenic belts in South China. The deposit types are mainly chronological, altered rock and hydrothermal, and the main minerals are gold, niobium and tantalum. There are famous Linglong Gold Mine and Jiaojia Gold Mine in the northeast of Jiaojia. Granites closely related to mineralization, such as Linglong, guojialing and Kunyu Mountain, belong to crust remelted calc-alkaline series rocks. The isotopic age of the rock mass is mainly 177.0 ~ 134.8 Ma, and the initial strontium ratio is 0.708 1 ~ 0.76438+040. There are Ta-Nb deposits (Yashan type, Boluo type, Xianghualing-Jianfengling type) related to albite granite, lepidolite alkali feldspar granite, Huangyufei porphyry (Xianghualing rock) and porphyry biotite granite in southern Hunan, Wugongshan and southeastern Guangdong, with isotopic age of 136 ~ 165438.
Skarn-hydrothermal tin polymetallic deposits were formed in the late Yanshan period, mainly distributed in the western part of South China metallogenic province and the southwestern part of Sichuan-Yunnan metallogenic province, represented by an old tin mine, Dachang tin mine and Xiaolonghe tin mine. Granites related to mineralization mainly include granite porphyry, porphyritic biotite granite and biotite alkali feldspar granite. , isotopic age 140.0 ~ 70Ma, initial strontium ratio 0.7 130 ~ 0.7259, age of Dachang altered rock 1 17 ~ 104.8.
(3) Metallogenic series types of gold, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, lead and zinc (tin, lithium, beryllium, niobium, tantalum, crystal and pyrite) deposits related to crust-mantle mixed granite in continental tectonic magma belt (type 3)
The metallogenic series type was formed in Mesozoic continental tectonic magmatic belt (intracontinental activation belt), and the mineralization was related to the early Yanshanian and Indosinian crust-mantle mixed granitoids, including six metallogenic series. In space, it is mainly distributed in the north and southwest of North China metallogenic province, followed by East Qinling, Mufu Mountain and Beishan Mountain.
The metallogenic series mainly includes the natural combination of quartz vein type and altered rock type gold deposits and porphyry-skarn type molybdenum-tungsten deposits. The gold deposits in the northern and southwestern margins of North China Platform are mainly of the chronological type, which occur in the early Yanshanian granite and its surrounding rocks (Archaean Qianxi Group or Taihua Group amphibolite and hornblende amphibolite gneiss), and are represented by Jinchangyu type gold deposits, Yuerya type gold deposits and Wenyu type gold deposits. The initial strontium ratio of granite is 0.7052 ~ 0.7080, and the age of gold-bearing quartz vein and gold-bearing altered rock is 65438+. The southwestern margin of North China Platform and Mufushan area are located in porphyry-skarn molybdenum-tungsten deposits (Jinduicheng type, Luanchuan type and Yangchuling type) related to granite porphyry, porphyry granite and granodiorite porphyry in early Yanshanian, and the initial strontium ratio of granite is 0.7069 ~ 0.7438+0 15.
In addition, there are Qiu Shu Bay copper-molybdenum deposit and Putang gold deposit related to early Yanshanian granite (diorite) porphyry or potash granite (porphyry) and blasting breccia in East Qinling. There are Nanjinshan-Jinwozi type gold deposits and Huitong Mountain-Hua Niu Shan type copper polymetallic deposits related to Indosinian-Yanshanian K-feldspar granite in Beishan area.
(4) Metallogenic series types (type 4) of iron, copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, pyrite, (tungsten, tin, antimony, fluorite, bentonite, zeolite, perlite and phosphorus) deposits in continental tectonic magmatic rocks related to crust-mantle mixed intermediate-acid volcanic-intrusive rocks.
The metallogenic series type was formed in Mesozoic continental tectonic magmatic belt (intracontinental activation belt), and the mineralization was related to Indosinian-Yanshanian mixed source intermediate-acid volcanic-intrusive rocks, including 22 ore deposit metallogenic series. Spatially, it is widely distributed in the Pacific metallogenic domain along the eastern coast of China, spanning the northeast metallogenic region, the north metallogenic region, the Qinling metallogenic region and the Yangtze metallogenic region.
Skarn-type Fe-Cu polymetallic deposits (Chaobuleng, Huanggang, Xiaoyingzi, Gongpengzi and Tianbaoshan) related to biotite granite, adamellite, granodiorite, quartz diorite and (plagioclase) granite porphyry were mainly formed in the northeastern metallogenic areas in the early Yanshanian and Indosinian periods. The isotopic age of the rock mass is 254 ~ 140 Ma, and the initial strontium ratio is 0. Porphyry Cu-Mo deposits (Badaguan type, Wenggetushan type, Daheishan type and Xiaoxinancha type) and volcanic Pb-Zn-Ag deposits (Gaoura-Erentolegai type, Mengentaolegai type and Shanmen type) were mainly formed in the middle and late Yanshan period. The former is related to granodiorite porphyry and granite porphyry, and its isotopic age is 188.3 ~ 65438. The latter is related to upper Jurassic-lower Cretaceous volcanic rocks, syenite (adamellite) porphyry and rhyolite porphyry.
Hydrothermal and porphyry-skarn copper-silver polymetallic deposits related to granite, granite porphyry and quartz porphyry (Caijiaying type, Xiaokouhuaying type and Huatong-Huangbaiyu type). The Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous in the metallogenic area of North China was formed in Indosinian-Yanshan period, and the porphyry-skarn molybdenum-copper deposits (Sadaigou type, Xiaosigou-Shouwangfen type and Dazhuangke type) were formed in the late Yanshan period.
The metallogenic series of molybdenum, gold, silver, fluorite, bentonite and (zeolite, perlite) deposits related to Yanshanian intermediate-acid volcanic-intrusive rocks are developed in Tongbai area. Porphyry molybdenum deposits (Mushan type), hydrothermal gold deposits (Create type) and fluorite deposits (Jianshan type) occur in late Yanshanian granite (porphyry), biotite adamellite and its surrounding rocks.
Skarn-type iron and copper deposits (Daye type and Tonglushan type) related to biotite pyroxene diorite, quartz diorite and syenite porphyry occur in the Yangtze River metallogenic province in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River metallogenic belt. The isotopic age of the rock mass is 157 ~ 1 13 Ma, and the initial strontium ratio is 0.703 Ma. Skarn-porphyry copper-sulfur deposits related to granodiorite porphyry and syenite diorite occur in Jiurui and Tongling areas in central China (closed cave type, Chengmenshan type and Tongguanshan-Shizishan type), with isotopic age 155 ~ 100.2 Ma and initial strontium ratio of 0.7067 ~ 0.7099. A number of volcanic hydrothermal iron deposits (Yeshan-Weigang type, Meishan type and Gushan-Baixiangshan type) related to pyroxene diorite, quartz diorite, lower Cretaceous volcanic rocks and late Yanshanian pre-volcanic rocks are regularly produced in Ningwu area in the east, and the iron ore age is 105.2 ~ 89.3 Ma. However, there are porphyry copper deposits related to early Yanshanian granodiorite porphyry (Dexing type) and volcanic polymetallic deposits related to An Ying porphyry and cryptoexplosive breccia (Yinshan type) in northeast Jiangxi.
(5) Metallogenic series types of Au, Li, Be, Nb and Ta (gems and muscovite) deposits related to alkaline and weakly alkaline magmatism in continental tectonic magmatic belt (type 5).
The metallogenic series type was formed in Mesozoic continental tectonic magmatic belt (intracontinental activation belt), and the mineralization was mainly related to Indosinian-Yanshan alkaline and alkaline magmatic activities, including five metallogenic series of deposits. Spatially, it is distributed in the Altai orogenic belt, the central and southern section of the Late Paleozoic fold belt in Daxing 'anling, the western part of the northern margin of North China Platform and the Middle Qinling fold belt.
A series of important pegmatite and hydrothermal rare metal deposits (Calassou type, Keketuohai type, Ashcar type and Azubai-Kulagai type) occur in Hercynian and Indosinian-Yanshanian biotite granite (porphyry), (mixed) granite and Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in its outer contact zone.
There are Barchi-type rare earth metal deposits related to albite granite in the late Yanshan period in the central and southern section of the Late Paleozoic fold belt in Daxing 'anling, with an initial strontium ratio of 0.75438+0.
There are altered rocks related to Hercynian-Indosinian alkaline granite-isochron type and hydrothermal type gold deposits (Wulashan type, Dongping type and Xiaoyingpan type) in the western part of the northern margin of North China platform. The isotopic age of Shuiquangou alkaline syenite is 327.4 ~ 160.7 Ma, and the initial ratio of strontium is 0.7059. It belongs to crust-mantle mixed alkaline rocks, gold-bearing altered rocks and chronological age.
The altered rock-hydrothermal gold deposit (Wang Shuang-Ma 'anqiao type) related to Yanshanian deep (alkaline) magmatism developed in the middle of the Middle Qinling fold belt. The age of gold deposits (including Jinjiao conglomerate) is183.1~11ma.
(6) Metallogenic series types of iron (cobalt, nickel, copper, sulfur) deposits related to basic intrusive rocks in continental tectonic magmatic belt (type 6)
The metallogenic series type was formed in Mesozoic continental tectonic magmatic belt (intracontinental activation belt), and the mineralization was related to the crust-mantle mixed basic intrusive rocks in the early Yanshan period, including five metallogenic series of deposits. In space, it is concentrated in the central part of North China Platform, represented by the famous Hanxing Iron Mine.
The iron deposit occurs in the contact zone of diorite, diorite porphyrite and porphyritic diorite in early Yanshanian with limestone and dolomitic limestone of Majiagou Formation and Fengfeng Formation of Middle Ordovician (or Xiaoxian Formation of Lower Ordovician and benxi formation of Middle Carboniferous). The isotopic age of the rock mass is 170 ~ 82.6 Ma, and the initial strontium ratio is 0.705 1. The K-Ar age of Jinyun chlorite skarn in Guanzhong Iron Mine is 122Ma.
(7) Metallogenic series types of chromium (platinum, gold, serpentine) deposits related to ultrabasic rocks in the plate suture zone (type 7)
The metallogenic series type was formed in Mesozoic plate (continental-continental) suture zone, and the mineralization was related to ultrabasic rocks in late Yanshanian and early Himalayan. There are only two ore-forming series. Spatially, it is only distributed in Tibet metallogenic areas, and it is produced along the two plate suture zones of Nujiang River and Yarlung Zangbo River.
The metallogenic series mainly includes Luobusa type and Dongqiao type chromium deposits, which are closely related to oceanic ophiolite or ophiolite melange in genesis. Chrome ore mainly occurs in amphibolite and pure olivine in Yanshanian or late Yanshanian-early Himalayan period. The ore body is pod-shaped, vein-shaped and lenticular, and its beneficial components are platinum, palladium, osmium, nickel, gold and diamond. The ore-bearing rocks are strong serpentine, with serpentine locally formed and hydrothermal altered jade forming a group.