Methods 1: Small stones were discharged.
1. If you suspect that you have kidney calculi, please see a doctor. Symptoms of kidney calculi include acute pain on both sides of the body, back, groin or lower abdomen, pain during urination, turbid urine and even inability to urinate. Let the doctor make a correct diagnosis and make a suitable treatment plan. The doctor will diagnose kidney calculi by blood test, urine test, ultrasound and X-ray results. These examinations and imaging scans can help them to confirm the type and size of kidney calculi, and judge whether it can be discharged by itself.
2. Drink at least 1.5 to 2 liters of water every day. Water can clean the kidneys and help remove small stones. Control liquid intake according to urine condition. Light yellow urine indicates that the body is full of water, and dark urine indicates that the body is short of water. Keeping your body hydrated helps prevent kidney calculi from forming again, so be sure to drink plenty of water every day.
Water is the best choice. You can also drink ginger ale and some pure juice in moderation. Don't drink grapefruit juice and cranberry juice, they will increase the risk of kidney calculi.
Avoid or reduce caffeine intake, because it will cause dehydration. Don't drink more than 240ml of caffeinated coffee, tea or cola every day.
3. Take painkillers as needed or as directed by the doctor. Although most kidney calculi can be excreted without treatment, the process will be painful. You can take over-the-counter painkillers to control the pain, such as ibuprofen or aspirin. Check the label and follow the instructions. If over-the-counter painkillers don't work, ask your doctor for prescription drugs. If necessary, they will prescribe prescription-grade painkillers, such as ibuprofen. In some cases, even narcotic painkillers can be prescribed.
Be sure to take prescription drugs according to your doctor's advice.
4. Ask your doctor if you can take alpha blockers. They relax the muscles of the urethra, making it easier for kidney calculi to excrete. Alpha blockers can be obtained by prescription, and it is recommended to take them at the same time every day, usually 30 minutes after meals. Possible side effects include dizziness, dizziness, weakness, diarrhea and fainting. Getting up or standing slowly helps to avoid dizziness and fainting. If any side effects persist for a long time or are serious, be sure to tell the doctor.
5, according to the doctor's advice to collect kidney calculi pieces. The doctor may ask you to pee in a cup, then filter the urine and collect stone fragments. If you are diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction, the type or cause of kidney calculi is unknown, and stones must be collected. The long-term treatment of kidney calculi varies according to the types and causes of stones. Doctors may need to test the collected samples to make an effective treatment plan.
When necessary, the doctor will provide you with the necessary equipment and guide you on how to collect and filter samples.
6. Wait at least a few weeks for kidney calculi to discharge. Small stones may take days to months to be discharged. In the meantime, continue to take medicine according to doctor's advice. Keep your body hydrated, control your pain as much as possible, and follow the diet plan recommended by your doctor. The process of waiting for small stones to be discharged is easy to be frustrated, but try to be patient. Although they usually excrete on their own, sometimes they may need medical intervention. If the symptoms get worse during the waiting period, such as severe pain, inability to urinate or hematuria, be sure to tell the doctor.
Method 2: Seek medical attention.
1. In case of emergency symptoms, please seek medical attention immediately. Severe symptoms include hematuria, fever or chills, skin color change, severe pain in the back or sides of the body, vomiting or burning pain when urinating. If you have any of the above symptoms while waiting for the small stones to be discharged, you must contact your doctor. If you have not been examined by a doctor or have not been diagnosed with kidney calculi's disease, you must see a doctor if you have the above symptoms.
Doctors will use ultrasound or X-rays to find kidney calculi. If they confirm that kidney calculi is too big to discharge by itself, they will suggest treatment according to the size and location of the stone.
2. Use drugs to prevent stones from getting bigger. The doctor may prescribe some medicine to help break down and remove the substances that form stones. For example, doctors use potassium citrate to control calcium-containing stones. Calcium-containing stones are the most common types of stones. If it is uric acid calculus, the doctor will use allopurinol to reduce uric acid in the body. The side effects of each drug are different, which may include stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea and dizziness. If any side effects persist for a long time or are serious, be sure to tell your doctor. .
3, if necessary, discuss with the doctor the root cause of the treatment of stone formation. Diseases of digestive system, gout, kidney disease, obesity and some drugs may all cause diseases in kidney calculi. To reduce the risk of kidney calculi's disease in the future, you need to discuss with your doctor how to treat the root cause, change your diet or change your medication. If it is magnesium ammonium phosphate stone caused by infection, the doctor will probably prescribe antibiotics. Take the medicine according to the instructions, and don't stop taking it without authorization.
4. extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to crush large stones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is used to treat most large stones located in the kidney or upper urinary tract. The doctor will use a machine to break large stones into small pieces by high-pressure sound waves. Later, when urinating, the nodules are discharged. During the treatment, the doctor will use drugs to help you relax or fall asleep. The whole process takes about 1 hour. Usually after two hours' rest, most people can go home that day.
Rest 1 to 2 days before resuming normal activities. Stone fragments may take 4 to 8 weeks to be discharged. During this time, you may feel pain in your back or sides, nausea or a little blood in your urine.
5. Take out the large stones in the lower urinary tract through cystoscope. The lower urinary tract includes bladder and urethra. The urethra is a conduit from the bladder to the outside world. Doctors will find and remove large stones in these areas with a slender special scope. Doctors may recommend similar ureteroscopic lithotripsy to remove stones from the ureter. The ureter is the conduit connecting the bladder and kidney. If the stone is too big to be taken out, the doctor will break it into small pieces with a laser and then discharge it when urinating.
Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy are usually performed under general anesthesia, which means that you will fall asleep during the treatment. Most people can go home the same day.
Within 24 hours after lithotomy, you may feel burning pain when urinating, and you may see a little blood in your urine. Be sure to tell your doctor if these symptoms persist for more than 1 day.
6. If all else fails, go to a doctor for an operation. Kidney calculi rarely needs surgery, but if other methods are not available or effective, surgery is necessary. The doctor will make a small incision in the back, insert a speculum, remove the stone or break it with a laser. The above operation is called kidney calculi's resection. Some people have to stay in hospital for at least 2 to 3 days after the operation. The doctor will instruct you how to change the dressing, care for the incision and rest after operation.
Method 3: Prevent kidney calculi.
1. Discuss with your doctor how to prevent specific types of stones. The doctor will suggest what changes you should make in your diet according to the type of your stones. Dietary changes such as reducing sodium intake, adopting a low-fat diet and maintaining body moisture are suitable for all types of stones. In addition, each type of stone has its own specific food to avoid. For example, if you have uric acid stones, you can't eat herring, sardines, fish, internal organs (such as liver), mushrooms, asparagus and spinach.
If you have calcium-containing stones, you can't supplement calcium and vitamin D. You can only eat 2 ~ 3 servings of high-calcium food every day, and you can't eat calcium-containing antacids.
Please note that people with kidney calculi have an increased risk of recurrence. About 50% patients relapse within 5 to 10 years. However, taking preventive measures can reduce the risk of recurrence.
2. Try to consume no more than1500mg of salt every day. Although the maximum daily intake of salt for adults is 2300 mg, doctors may advise you to control it at 1500 mg. Don't add extra salt, reduce the cooking salt. Use fresh dried herbs, orange juice and orange peel instead of salt.
Try to eat out as little as possible and choose to cook by yourself. When eating out, you can't control the salt content in the food.
Don't eat cooked meat and processed meat products, as well as pre-cured meat. In addition, you can't eat salty snacks, such as potato chips.
3. Add lemon to your diet, especially if you have calcium-containing stones. Squeeze lemons into drinking water, or drink a glass of low-sugar lemonade every day. Lemon helps to decompose calcium-containing stones and may also prevent the formation of stones. Lemons also help reduce the risk of uric acid stones.
Try not to eat lemonade or other lemon products with high sugar content.
4. Take a proper amount of lean protein. You can eat moderate amounts of animal protein, but make sure they are low in fat, such as white poultry and eggs. Avoiding the fat part of red meat and taking protein from plant foods, such as beans, lentils and nuts, will help reduce the risk of various types of stones. If you are prone to uric acid stones, eat up to 85 grams of meat per meal. In order to control uric acid stones, doctors may advise you to avoid animal protein completely, including eggs and poultry meat.
5. Eat foods high in calcium, but don't supplement calcium. Some patients with calcium-containing stones think that they can't supplement calcium at all, but this is wrong. You still need calcium to keep your bones healthy, so plan to eat 2 or 3 servings of milk, cheese or yogurt every day. Don't take calcium, vitamin D or vitamin C supplements, and don't eat calcium-containing antacids.
6. Exercise regularly and drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated. Try to do 30 minutes of exercise every day. Regular exercise is very important for overall health. Walking and cycling are both good exercises, especially if you are not used to an active lifestyle. Although it is important to do exercise, you should also pay attention to sweating. The more you sweat, the more water you need to drink. In order to avoid dehydration, plan to drink 240 ml of water every 20 minutes when you are engaged in strenuous exercise, hot weather or sweating heavily.
It is suggested that preventive measures must be taken to prevent stones from forming again. But remember, more than half of patients will relapse in the future.