With the rapid development of industry, the rapid increase in population, water consumption is increasing day by day. Tuojiang River in ancient times, the image of abundant water gradually faded, in addition to the flood season, the water gradually some stretched. Shipping business suffered a lack of water, railroads and highways, water conservancy and hydropower projects and other factors, finally shrinking down. Industrial sewage dumped into the river, so that the Tuojiang River water quality pollution is becoming increasingly serious, by the direct threat of the first is the river fish.
"This water is so harmful oh, look at my skin!" Li Xusheng, a nurse at the People's Hospital in Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, said as she rolled up her sleeves and pant legs, revealing a reddish pimple, "Look at this skin allergy into which way? It took several days of medication to get better!" Despite working in a hospital, Li Xusheng, like other citizens, at first did not put the body's uncomfortable reaction and drink tap water associated.
"Or my family's nose is better, a few days ago, he said that this water washes the eyes, drink the stomach is not comfortable, I did not believe that, and he said, this river along the coast of the what garbage did not get? The first time I saw this, it was a very good thing that I was able to get a good deal of money out of it.
Li Xusheng said the river is the Tuojiang River, their city's tap water source, a few days later, they know, the Tuojiang River is really out of the question, and the whole city into a water shortage.
No wonder the water didn't taste right
"Plop, plop, plop, plop," came one after another, from far and near along the Tuo River.
Boatman Zhou Changchun dress up, followed the sound to the river, surprised to see, the river everywhere splash, a fish like a drunk, upside down, jumping around, some of the big fish also jumped to the shore, gill gangs one by one.
This is the morning of February 27, 2004. Jinyang.
"Never dreamed of so many fish jumping to the shore," Zhou Changchun is a group of villagers in Xingguang Village, Janyang City, for many years in the river. Every year when the dry season comes, due to the long years of pollution upstream, there are always some fish floating up on the bank with white stomachs. They have also picked up some, eaten, there is no big problem.
In the next few days, the color of the river water became more and more dirty, the smell became more and more unpleasant, and more and more dead fish floated to the riverside.
The news of the dead fish in the countryside spread sporadically to the city of Jianyang, but the city remained calm. There were also some alert citizens who felt uneasy.
On the morning of February 27, citizens Gao Jianguo get up to do breakfast, a tap open to smell the odor, the water boiled, the odor is even stronger, "seems to be the smell of sulfur, but also seems to be the smell of ammonia". He then poured the pot of water, and a pot, or the same.
March 1, many people found that the water out of the faucet was brownish-black, pungent taste is getting stronger. "It's just that even the slowest people can see that there is a problem." Gao said.
The suspicions and anxieties were soon confirmed. 3 o'clock in the afternoon of March 2, the city government of Jianyang City posted a "temporary suspension of drinking tap water" notice immediately set off a storm.
Posted in the streets and alleys of the notice is this: According to the environmental protection and sanitary epidemic prevention departments of the monitoring report, the Tuo River upstream of the pollutants, the city's water plant intake point is contaminated and has exceeded the national drinking water health standards. Now the water plant to provide tap water can only be used in addition to drinking water and food processing outside of domestic and industrial water, where the Tuojiang River along the Tuojiang River to extract drinking water units and urban and rural residents to immediately stop taking water for drinking.
According to the Ministry of Water Resources, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission, a document shows that, March 2, 3 Janyang, Ziyang and other sections of the water body of ammonia nitrogen exceeded the standard, the maximum exceedance index of 152 times.
The public suddenly realized: no wonder the water tasted wrong a few days ago!
Some gossip among the public. In the city of Jianyang a few days, the reporter heard several versions of this, one of which said that the water company has long been monitoring the water problems, reported to the municipal government for fear of causing social panic, so did not publish in a timely manner, the last is the province inside the people posted a notice.
Interviewed by the reporter, the executive vice mayor of Jianyang City, Mao Shoujun, said he and several other city leaders have been drinking tap water until March 2, the day of the posting of the bulletin. "My family members are more frugal and have always used tap water until noon that day." He said.
And from the municipal party committee compound nearest library water delivery company's staff told reporters that they have 11 customers in the county party committee compound, there is no exception, are March 2, three or four o'clock in the afternoon began to suddenly appear to grab water.
After the discovery of the problem
According to ordinary people's understanding, the water company to monitor the quality of tap water every day, should be the first gateway. However, the water company found the problem was on February 27 after the authorities had already intervened. Why is this?
The water company on February 20, the full indicator test is said to have found no problem.
"To be honest, the plant is difficult to hold the gate, first of all, the national drinking water health testing standards inside the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen these two indicators, and then again, their testing equipment and technology have some problems, that is, it is difficult to find out the full indicator test." City Health Epidemiological Station Health Supervision Section Chief Lai Wencai cited an example: water plant laboratory technicians to measure dissolved oxygen, take a bottle to the tap to receive water, "this can measure dissolved oxygen? Should be a specialized sampling instrument, 30 centimeters below the water to take the water, but also can not produce water flow, you receive the faucet, all the oxygen has run in, but also to measure what kind of dissolved oxygen Oh!
In accordance with the duties of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Health and Epidemiological Station will monitor the river water, but the reporter got the explanation of the relevant parties is: this time is extremely coincidental. Jianyang City Environmental Protection Bureau of the Tuojiang River each month, three sections of the Jianyang section of the water quality monitoring time is scheduled for the 9th of each month, and is responsible for monitoring the water company's water source water and plant water sampling time of the sanitary and epidemiological station is the same time is not in this period.
In fact, the Jianyang city government departments from February 26 began to intervene in the pollution incident. A comprehensive report from the Jianyang municipal government said that on that day, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Jianyang City received a report that large areas of dead fish had appeared in the Hongyuan and Yangma sections of the river, which borders the upstream counties of Jianyang.
"There are many possibilities for the fish to die, and the temperature was also high and low in those days, is the dissolved oxygen is too low or what pollutants, and if it is a pollutant, is it hydride or sulfide or ammonia nitrogen? Find out can help lock the source of pollution as soon as possible."
After receiving the report on the day of the 26th, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau sent people to the scene to observe. River water monitoring of water samples was only started to do on the 27th. The city's health epidemic prevention station said that at 2 p.m. that day, they and the city's Environmental Protection Bureau were retrieved water samples for laboratory tests. To 5:00 pm, the epidemic prevention station's monitoring results came out: "three nitrogen" seriously exceeded the standard 40-50 times. Afterwards, this conclusion was confirmed by the provincial environmental protection bureau.
March 1 is a Monday, 11:00 pm, the Sichuan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau duty room suddenly received the prefectural city of Ziyang City, which belongs to the city of Jianyang, the Environmental Protection Bureau of the teletype over the emergency report, said: "Received from the Bureau of the city of Jianyang report ...... Ziyang City, the testing station on the afternoon of the 1st 4 o'clock sampling and monitoring! ...... appeared a clear anomaly ...... suggested that the Tuojiang River Ziyang section along the drinking water intake points suspended." This is the reporter in the provincial environmental protection bureau to see the first reported material.
The morning of March 2 is the provincial environmental protection bureau leaders to make a duty report, informed of the pollution report of the personnel are fidgety, a break, several bureau leaders met to open an emergency meeting, immediately sent an investigation team.
On the afternoon of March 2, the government of the city of Jianyang held an emergency meeting of the mayor's office, to study this emergency. The meeting decided to notify the city's citizens: suspend drinking tap water.
At the same time, along the Tuojiang River, about 62 kilometers of pollution on both sides of the belt of the city, Zizhong, Neijiang, the two places of the tap water plant has stopped taking and supplying water, quickly made emergency program.
But by this time, all levels of government downstream still didn't know where the pollution came from.
Disposal of the source of pollution
On the morning of March 2, the provincial environmental protection bureau of the investigation team arrived at Chuanhua Group, the sewage outfall on the sewage is still gurgling.
It was with automatic monitoring equipment that the investigation team followed this source of pollution to the highest point where the ammonia nitrogen concentration exceeded the standard by 150 times.
The Tu River has three tributaries: the North River, the Middle River, and the Vishnu River. The Vishnu River is one of the tributaries with the most serious pollution situation. The Qingbaijiang District, through which the river flows, is an industrial zone in Chengdu, with several large and medium-sized chemical enterprises such as Sichuan Chemical Group and Chengdu Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory concentrated around it.
For the Tuojiang River downstream of the water quality of ammonia and nitrogen indicators seriously exceeded the direct cause of the Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau accident investigation team on March 6 concluded that: Sichuan Chemical Group, the second chemical fertilizer plant on November 20 last year to stop the technological transformation, February 14 this year, the company contrary to the "three simultaneous" system, in violation of the environmental protection procedures, unauthorized driving Trial run. Trial run in the fertilizer plant hydrolysis, desorption device of the two feed pump failure, resulting in urea process condensate ammonia and nitrogen index is too high can not enter the boiler back to use, directly to the river discharge.
According to the general flow of the urea process to analyze, ammonia tanks in the urea process condensate through the feed pumps to the hydrolysis, desorption device, so that the condensate contains urea, ammonia, nitrogen and carbon dioxide and other substances in order to be decomposed and recycled, purified water to enter the boiler to burn into steam. If say the feed pump fails, it will lead to the process condensate in the ammonia tank to be discharged directly to the river without any treatment!
The source of pollution was cut off on March 2nd. Provincial environmental protection departments to take decisive measures to shut down the second fertilizer plant Chuanhua technological transformation equipment, and require Chuanhua Group Company immediately installed automatic online monitoring equipment. The technological reform project can only be produced after the environmental protection department monitors and passes the discharge. The provincial environmental monitoring team is on the company tracking supervision, every two hours to monitor the sewage situation, to ensure that the sewage does not rebound.
On March 11, the reporter came to Qingbaijiang District. Because of the transfer of Minjiang River water flushing, the narrow Vishnu River inside the rapid flow of water.
After the accident, Sichuan Province from the Tuojiang River various upstream reservoirs to urgently transfer water for the Tuojiang River washout, dilute the Tuojiang River water.
In fact, on March 1, Sichuan Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau sent staff sampling process, has found that the river and the river (Vihe tributaries) water quality perception is very poor, made the following record: "in the river surface there are a large number of rotting floats and a small number of dead fish, the river water is yellowish-green, with a distinct putrid odor. The sludge on the riverbanks of the Drainage River was oily black, the river water was brownish black, and the river water had a pungent ammonia odor."
When exactly did the fertilizer plant's feed pump fail? How large was this condensate discharge? These figures have not yet been released.
The experts' analysis is that the period of sewage discharge is very important, if the discharge of abundant water, large flows of river water can dilute the concentration of industrial wastewater faster. However, the Tuojiang River in February happens to be in the dry season, the minimum flow is only 12m3 / s. In the past, Jintang Jiulongtan power station for power generation needs to be deployed from the upper reaches of a certain amount of water each year, but at the end of last year, the Jiulongtan power station to suspend power generation, as a result of this year's upper reaches of the water will be even less, the river self-purification capacity is even lower.
"Before there was no water transfer flushing, the flow rate was very slow during the winter dry period, as seen from the hydrological data, Tuojiang River can not flow 10 kilometers a day." According to this flow rate and downstream found the time of pollution, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission Environmental Protection Bureau Director Hong Yiping analyzed that there are more than 70 kilometers from the point of pollution to Jianyang, at least six or seven days. In other words, the fertilizer factory's discharge should be before February 20th.
The key question is how the internal quality control and safety management measures of Chuanhua Group were developed. Why was the high concentration of condensate able to be discharged for so long?
"We have regulations, limited production during the dry season, reduced emissions, the enterprise this time the technical transformation of the start did not declare to the environmental protection department, the emergence of pollution in the end is the management of ineffective or intentional emissions, we are still investigating." Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, an official said.
According to "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law," Article 20 provides that sewage disposal units in the event of an accident or other sudden event, the discharge of pollutants exceeding the normal emissions, resulting in, or likely to cause, water pollution accidents, emergency measures must be taken immediately, notify the units that may be jeopardized by the harm and damage caused by water pollution and report to the local environmental protection department.
It seems that it is the break in the information chain between the upstream and downstream and the lack of early warning mechanism that makes the pollution incident quickly transformed into a sudden public **** health incident.
Government quells water shortage
The formerly solemn city hall compound is now more like a park. Beneath the compound's old acacia tree is a well. A steady stream of people carrying jugs and buckets come and go, spilling puddles of water along the way.
In Jinyang, a series of measures taken after the meeting on the afternoon of March 2 quickly quelled the water shortage.
On the afternoon of March 2, citizens who learned of the water contamination rushed to the streets, and all the city's mineral water, pure water, a grabbed. Jianyang city government from Chengdu emergency transfer 50,000 barrels of pure water, less than two hours also sold out. Allegedly, because the government has issued a notice and sent comrades from the industry and commerce department to patrol and supervise, not allowed to sell all kinds of pure water, mineral water, beverage merchants to inflate prices. So, there was no major fluctuation in the market in Janyang.
These days the water business in Jianyang is very good. The owner of a pure water store said, the store pulls a car (200 to 300 barrels) of water to the street, less than an hour will be sold out, March 3 this day they have sold 5 big trucks of pure water.
"You can't drink the tap water, but you can use it to rinse things off," said the government, which restored the tap water supply at 6 p.m., a few hours after the timely announcement. This reduced the pressure on the demand for water throughout the city.
But the spontaneous search for water by citizens was already in full swing. From Construction Road to Government Street, from Gujing Street to Sanma Lane, everywhere you can see the crowd carrying plastic buckets, tin buckets, oil drums, basins, kettles around looking for water. In the first few days, more than 20 ancient wells in the city of Jinyang lined up in front of a long queue.
The government of the city of Jianyang ordered all wells to supply water to the public unconditionally, and the public security bureau of the city of Jianyang got the order to send police to the wells to maintain order.
At the same time, the government also sent two fire engines and two sanitation vehicles to the Longquan Reservoir, 20 kilometers away, to pull water day and night.
On March 3, in front of the sanitation office, the reporter saw that a sanitation car was surrounded by a large group of old men and women with various containers, as well as sister-in-law. The car can be out of the water outlet are opened. Sanitation Ma master sweating, busy to the crowd of water: "old lady do not squeeze, squeeze bad can not be cost-effective ...... everyone has ...... ouch, little friend, your hand stretched where to go? " "Your bucket are stretched to my nose under the ...... flow on the ground unfortunately, alas, do not panic, slowly ...... let this back dolls ...... "
Master Ma said, from the first night they began to more than 20 kilometers away from the reservoir to pull water, to now has been six trips back and forth.
With the upstream transfer of water flushing, environmental protection departments and health epidemic prevention station test three nitrogen indicators in the rapid decline. March 13, the executive vice mayor of the municipal government led a team to the water plant, the two pools were thoroughly cleaned. March 16, the city of Jianyang City, posted on the street of the tap water can be resumed drinking notice.
It is understood that just on the 8th, the government of the city of Jianyang has met to study the immediate implementation of the project to extract drinking water from the Zhangjiayan Reservoir. The headline of "Jianyang Newspaper" reads: "Determined to find a new source of water".
In fact, even without this pollution incident, the municipal government of Jianyang City, the river is a headache. The information provided by the local environmental protection department and the epidemic prevention station said that in 2002, the river in the winter was already poor V water quality.
In the downstream of Jianyang, the establishment of the Tuojiang River Water Pollution Emergency Disposal Command of the Neijiang municipal government has also launched a second source of water intake program, from the early morning of the 3rd, dozens of fire trucks and sprinklers from the Zigong Dashanpu to take the water, 24 hours a day non-stop transport of water to the Neijiang. Apparently, Neijiang will also change the water.