Machine tools are mainly classified according to the processing method and the tool used, according to the national development of machine tool modeling method, machine tools are divided into 11 categories: lathes, drilling machines, boring machines, grinding machines, gear processing machine tools, threading machine tools, milling machines, planing and inserting machine tools, broaching, sawing machines and other machine tools. In each category of machine tools, but also according to the scope of the process, layout type and structure performance is divided into a number of groups, each group is divided into a number of departments (series).
In addition to the above basic classification, there are other classification methods:
1. According to the degree of versatility, machine tools can be divided into:
1) general-purpose machine tools The process range is very wide, and can be completed in a variety of types of parts of different processes, such as horizontal lathes, universal cylindrical grinder and rocker arm drilling machine.
② Specialized machine tools The process is narrower, it is for the processing of a certain part or a certain process specially designed and manufactured, such as spade tooth lathe, screw milling machine.
③ Specialized machine tools The narrowest range of processes, it is generally designed and manufactured for a specific process for a particular part, such as mass production of automotive parts used in a variety of drilling, boring combination of machine tools.
2. According to the working accuracy of the machine tool can be divided into ordinary precision machine tools, precision machine tools and high-precision machine tools.
3. According to the weight and size, can be divided into instrumentation machine tools, medium-sized machine tools (general machine tools), large machine tools (mass greater than 10t), heavy machine tools (mass of more than 30t) and ultra-heavy machine tools (mass of more than 100t).
4. According to the number of the main organs of the machine tool can be divided into single-axis, multi-axis, single-tool, multi-tool machine tools.
5. According to the different degrees of automation, can be divided into ordinary, semi-automatic and automatic machine tools.
Automatic machine tools have a complete automatic work cycle, including automatic loading and unloading of workpieces, can be continuous automatic processing of the workpiece. Semi-automatic machine tools also have a complete automatic work cycle, but the loading and unloading of workpieces still need to be done manually, so it can not be continuously processed.
Second, the model of the machine tool
The model of the machine tool is the code name of the machine tool product to indicate the type of machine tool, general and structural characteristics, the main technical parameters, etc. GB/T15375-94 "metal cutting machine tool modeling method," the provisions of the model of China's machine tool by the Hanyu Pinyin letters and Arabic numerals in accordance with a certain pattern of combinations.
1. Modeling of general-purpose machine tools
General-purpose machine tool models are expressed as follows:
(1) Class code of machine tools
Class
The lathe
Drilling machine
Boring machine
Grinding machine
Gear machine tools
Threading machine tools
Milling machinePlaning machine
Pulling machine
Sawing machine
Other machines
Designation
C Z T M 2M 2M Y S X B L G Q
Pronunciation
Turning machine Drilling Boring Grinding Second grinding Third grinding Dental silk Milling Planing Pulling Cutting its
(2) Characteristics of machine tools designation
General Characteristics High Precision Automatic Semi-Automatic Numerically Controlled Machining Center
(Automatic Tool Changer)
Imaginary Light Weighted Simple or Economic Flexible Machining Unit Digital Display High Speed
Designation G M Z B K H F Q C J R X S
Pronunciation High Precision Automatic Semi-Automatic Machining Center
Semi-Controlled Tool Changer Automatic Light Weighted Simple Flexible Display High Speed
(3) Structural Characteristics Designators
In order to distinguish between the main parameters of the same but different structure of the machine tool, in the model with the Hanyu Pinyin letters to distinguish. For example, "A" in the model of CA6140 ordinary lathe can be understood as: CA6140 ordinary lathe is structurally different from C6140 ordinary lathe.
(4) the group of machine tools, department code
With two Arabic numerals, the former indicates the group, the latter indicates the department. Each type of machine tool is divided into 10 groups, each group is divided into 10 departments. In the same class of machine tools, where the main layout or use the same range of machines, that is, the same group. Where in the same group of machines, if the main parameters of the same, the main structure and layout of the same type of machine tool, that is, the same department.
(5) the main parameters of the machine tool, the design sequence number and the second parameter
main parameters of the machine tool: the size of the machine tool specifications, in the machine tool model, with the number of the main parameters of the converted value (1/10 or 1/150)
design sequence number: when it is not possible to use a main parameter, then in the model with the design sequence number.
The second parameter: generally the number of spindles, the maximum span, the maximum working length, the length of the working surface of the table, etc., which is also expressed as a converted value.
(6) major improvements in machine tool sequence number
When the machine tool performance and structural layout of the major improvements in the original machine tool model at the end, plus the major improvements in the sequence of numbers A, B, C .... etc.
(7) other characteristics of the code: the Chinese pinyin letters or Arabic numerals or a combination of the two to indicate. Mainly used to reflect the characteristics of various types of machine tools, such as CNC machine tools, can reflect the different CNC systems; for general machine tools can reflect the same type of machine tool variants.
(8) enterprise code: the production unit for the machine tool factory, by the machine tool factory in the city name of the capital letters of Hanyu Pinyin and the plant in the city to establish the successive number, or the name of the machine tool factory capital letters of Hanyu Pinyin.
2. Specialized machine tool modeling
1) Specialized machine tool modeling method Specialized machine tool modeling is generally composed of the design unit code and design sequence number.
2) Design unit code, including machine tool manufacturers and machine tool research unit code (located in the model of the first), see the metal cutting machine tool model compilation method (GB/T15975-1994)
3) special machine tool design sequence number According to the unit's design sequence (from "001"), located in the design sequence of the number (from the beginning). (from "001"), located after the design unit code, and separated by "-", read as "to".