Water shortage in the Yellow River Delta region belongs to the engineering measures of water shortage, so in addition to strengthening water conservation measures, appropriate water conservancy project inputs to meet the needs of industrial and agricultural development, but the implementation of these decisions and economic and environmental constraints, need to be determined through a comprehensive analysis.
1. Diversion, water storage project measures
Take full advantage of the existing water conservancy projects, water diversion, water transmission, water storage and water use unified planning, the formation of a perfect, economically rational, scientific water supply system. At present, the main increase in the water supply system storage capacity, according to water conservancy project planning, in 2000, the construction of more than 10 million cubic meters of medium-sized reservoirs 18, small reservoirs 300, the new capacity of 2.84 × 108 m3. By 2010, the construction of 33 reservoirs, of which 9 medium-sized reservoirs, village small reservoirs of 1,000, the new capacity of 3.65 × 108 m3. At the same time, to carry out the Yellow Irrigation Area Main channel renovation and management, expansion and supporting engineering construction, to change the current situation of water diversion and transmission projects do not match.
2. Water conservation engineering measures
(1) agricultural water conservation: the current situation of the region's annual effective irrigation area of 2,124,900 acres, the total length of dry and branch grade channels 474km, has been taken to prevent seepage of 75.36km, accounting for only 5.11%, field water-saving irrigation area of 220,000 acres, accounting for 10.35%, the average utilization coefficient of water for agricultural use by 0.46 to 0.65, and eventually reach 0.35%. 0.65, and eventually reach 0.8. well irrigation area initially realized pipeline, 2030 water use coefficient can be increased to 0.99. water saving area from the present 220,000 acres to 2010 increased to 2 million acres, the gross irrigation quota from 554m3/mu down to 372m3/mu.
(2) industrial and domestic water conservation: at present, the water consumption of industrial 10,000 yuan output value is 272m3, the reuse rate of 20%, industrial water conservation planning is to strengthen technological transformation, adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, the promotion of advanced water-saving processes, the city's industrial water reuse rate of 45%, 10,000 yuan of output value of the water consumption (excluding electricity) down to 149 ~ 167m3. At the same time, the city's domestic water consumption is increasing rapidly, the annual incremental increase in water consumption. At the same time, the city's domestic water consumption is increasing rapidly, with an annual incremental rate of 1.74%, and the potential for water conservation is also great.
3. Increase the exploitable resources of groundwater through artificial storage
In the well irrigation area south of Xiaoqing River, carry out the diversion of the river to bring in yellow to replenish the source. The use of many years of mining to vacate the underground reservoir capacity, in the flood season to attract the river water for artificial replenishment of the source. Lift the groundwater level, increase groundwater extractable resources, while alleviating or preventing saltwater intrusion of freshwater. Yan Xu and Tao Zhuang area changed to channel, 2000 and 2003 after the annual river diversion yellow respectively 721 × 104m3 and 1100 × 104m3 for recharge, that is, able to form a freshwater curtain in Yan Xu and Tao Zhuang area to prevent the invasion of salty water in the north, at the same time, the regional groundwater level has been gradually rebounded.
4. Utilization of other water resources
Other water resources in Dongying include muddy water from the Yellow River, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, brackish water, the tail water from the Yellow River, the local surface runoff, the incoming water from the Xiaoqing River and its tributary rivers, and the planned South-to-North Water Diversion Project, etc. The specific development and utilization of such water resources also depend on the economic and environmental conditions.
(1) the Yellow River high sand content muddy water utilization: Dongying agriculture water accounted for more than 70% of the water consumption in Dongying City, according to the monthly balance calculation, flood season drought water demand and account for about 50% of the total agricultural water. In the case of the Yellow River for a long time, the utilization of the muddy water of the Yellow River is very important. How to draw the Yellow River muddy water long-distance transportation and direct transmission of muddy water into the field, in this regard has accumulated rich experience.
(2) industrial wastewater and urban sewage recycling: according to Shengli Oilfield Environmental Protection Department to provide information, the oilfield daily output of sewage 70 × 104m3, there are 34 sewage treatment stations, sewage re-injection rate of 96% to 97%, sewage treatment costs an average of 1 yuan / m3 or so. The annual discharge of domestic sewage is 1500×103m3. dongying environmental protection bureau predicts that the annual discharge of urban sewage in 2010 will be 4400×104m3. the sewage treatment plant is designed according to the annual capacity of 4400×104m3, i.e., the daily capacity of sewage treatment is 15×104m3. the quality of sewage should reach the standard of sewage discharge after sewage treatment, and it can be used for irrigation of agriculture, etc.
(3) the use of shallow underground brackish water: the Yellow River Delta region groundwater mineralization number 2 ~ 3g / L, brackish water area of 1063km2, exploitable resources 0.49 × 108m3 / a. Due to the shallow depth of the brackish water, the mining cost is not large, the cost of mining brackish water is estimated to be around 0.02 yuan / m3. It can be considered to be mixed with the diversion of Yellow River water for agricultural irrigation.
(4) the utilization of surface runoff storage: Dongying City, the average multi-year surface runoff is 4.48 × 108m3 / a, can be constructed in the drainage ditch and river rubber dams, etc., in the mid- and late flood season storage of surface runoff of good quality, or storage in the river, or pumped to the plains of reservoirs in the storage. Dongying Municipal Water Resources Bureau and other units have made useful attempts, the effect is very good. Intercepting surface runoff without large inputs, the estimated cost of this part of the water in the 0.01 ~ 0.02 yuan / m3.
(5) the use of the Yellow River irrigation district tail water: as the delta region of the Yellow River irrigation district water use coefficient of 0.46, even in the future through the transformation of the water use coefficient can only reach 0.6 or so. It is estimated that the reusable water consumption of the Yellow River in 2000 was 0.37×108m3/a, and in 2010 it was 2.14×108m3/a. It is estimated that the cost of this water supply is 0.01～0.02 Yuan/m3.
(6) Utilization of the incoming water from the Xiaoqing River and the Branch Vein River: the watershed of the Xiaoqing River and the Branch Vein River covers an area of about 10,000km2, and the multi-year average inbound water volume of the Xiaoqing River and the Branch Vein River is 6.18×108m3/a, and the average inbound water volume of the Xiaoqing River and the Branch Vein River is 6.18×108m3/a respectively. The average multi-year water volume of Xiaoqing River and Branch Vein River is 6.18×108m3/a and 2.13×108m3/a respectively, due to the serious pollution of the river water, currently only in the middle and late flood season to quote the river water with good quality, the diversion of water is 0.1×108 ~ 0.4×108m3/a. At present, Shandong Province has increased the investment in the treatment project of the Xiaoqing River, and as the sewage discharges from upstream areas are effectively controlled, it is estimated that its exploitable volume will be a big increase.
(7) the use of the South-to-North Water Diversion East Project water supply: according to the planning of the South-to-North Water Diversion East in Dongping Lake water diversion to the east, the recent total diversion of 7 × 108m3 / a, the second level of water lifting to Xiaochenghe after the self-flowing pipeline water to Dongying City, the cost of the water source for the 0.7 yuan / m3.