I, intelligent building technology development situation
In order to meet the 21st century globalization of the knowledge economy, the world's industrial structure has been to the high value-added and knowledge-intensive transformation. The rise and development of intelligent building is mainly to adapt to the needs of social informatization and internationalization of the economy, but also the inevitable demand for the development of human social progress and productivity. Intelligent building is a product of the combination of building technology and electronic information technology, has become the leading direction of real estate investment and development in the 21st century. Intelligent building is the contemporary use of information technology to transform the traditional (construction) industry itself, leading to industrial optimization and upgrading and industrial restructuring, the most typical and most specific, the most direct form of embodiment.
Intelligent building "intelligent", mainly refers to a longing for information management in the building and the ability to comprehensively utilize information. This ability covers the collection and synthesis of information, information analysis and processing, as well as information exchange and **** enjoy; building equipment automation control is also a form of information processing.
The main contents of the technical process of building intelligent system engineering are: the construction unit of intelligent system engineering construction demand analysis, program consulting and feasibility report, system design and equipment selection, engineering construction and supervision requirements; system integrators to deepen the system design, coordination, supervision, as well as the implementation of the system, commissioning and acceptance, as well as after the completion of the property management.
Intelligent building systems integration is not a simple collection of a variety of products and equipment, but refers to a "capacity". It can put the existing advanced high-tech, skillful and flexible use in the existing intelligent building system, give full play to its role and potential.
Intelligent building system integration technology is the use of building equipment, automatic control systems, communication network systems, office automation systems, the existing separation of equipment, functions, information and other comprehensive integration of an interrelated, unified, coordinated system for the integrated building environment.
According to the European Intelligent Building Group (EIBG) analysis report, the international development of intelligent building technology, roughly divided into three stages of technological development: 1985 for the development of dedicated single-function system technology stage; 1986-1995 for the development of multi-function system technology to multi-systems integration technology stage; 1996 After the multi-system integration technology to the control network and information network application system integration combined technology development stage. The whole technology development is with the development of computer technology level and follow the development.
According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2000, China has been built and is being built around the total number of different types of intelligent buildings (including intelligent residential district) (including self-proclaimed) has long been more than thousands of buildings (items). However, the vast majority of them are in the second stage of technological development, and due to a variety of reasons, the technology to open the standard rate is generally not high, most of the benefits of the effect is not ideal.
Since October 1997, the Ministry of Construction promulgated the first regulatory documents in the field of intelligent buildings in China, namely, the Ministry of Construction Construction [1997] No. 290, "Building Intelligent System Engineering Design Management Interim Provisions" after the implementation of the market access system, the introduction of China's "Intelligent Building Design Standards," the national standard, China's intelligent building development has been chaotic and disordered from the beginning of the casual Gradually embarked on the standardized and orderly. But only in the design phase link a start, to really reach the whole process of comprehensively improve the overall level of China's intelligent building technology development, the road is still very long, the problem is still a lot of, a long way to go.
China's accession to the WTO is a foregone conclusion. Entering the WTO means that China's economy is fully integrated into the international market, must comply with the principles and provisions of the WTO. According to the WTO agreement on the principle of market access and the principle of national treatment, will make China's intelligent building technology is facing a broader space for development, more intense market competition. And China's existing construction policies and regulations and industry management system and the WTO rules and the international mode of operation there are large differences in the adjustment and reform to improve the existing system and the task of the system is quite daunting, the situation is urgent.
Second, the key problems of technological development
1. As intelligent buildings are not a single technology, a single equipment products, but multi-disciplinary multi-professional multi-technology integrated use of the overall building industry products. Its technological development must be a number of industries, a number of sectors of the integrated and coordinated synchronous development, the need for a unified national plan, unified coordination, unified response, rather than the departments, industries, links "their own way", "uncoordinated", "Each goes its own way". What's more, we can't "divide and conquer" to fight a chaotic war.
2. Intelligent building technology is different from traditional technology. Intelligent building is a new high-tech field, the development of technology is still immature and perfect is in the midst of rapid change. Therefore, the development of technology policy needs to have a visionary forward-looking advanced, but also need to have a well thought out rigorous accuracy. Historical practice has proved; the government's correct guidance behavior is the fundamental guarantee of technological development, and inaccurate guidance behavior will lead to disorders, lag, misunderstanding, and even mistakes.
3. Intelligent building technology development to achieve industrialization rather than only as an application of technology. At present, the domestic intelligent building market is still dominated by foreign technology system products and equipment. To vigorously support and encourage the development of localized technology products and systems, technology development may form localized industry. At present, the intelligent building as an industrial development, we must "lose time".
4. Technical coordination and rationalization of the whole process of intelligent building construction is the bottleneck of the technical development of quality assurance. Not only is the coordination between the various professional subsystems of intelligent, and more importantly, from the project project, program, design, construction, supervision, to acceptance, the whole process of coordination between the property management (including technical qualification management coordination). To start from the institutional structure to address the fact that there is a "mountain" and "gateway". The current intelligent system of real technical supervision is still a blank.
5. Intelligent building is a cross-disciplinary systems engineering, involving multi-disciplinary multi-professional, there is currently a prominent architectural design and intelligent system design serious separation. Due to the building of intelligent greatly increased the difficulty of the traditional engineering design work and labor, and design fees have remained unchanged, not in line with the principle of pay according to work, directly affecting the people's enthusiasm and technological development.
6. At present, China's intelligent building technology development policy has not been specifically coordinated with the institutional reform of the unit, combined; has not yet fully embodied the technical policy incentives. Intelligent building technology development has not yet organic and the knowledge economy era of technological innovation closely integrated; has not yet in-depth and sustainable development strategy closely linked. The key is that has not yet truly realized that the intelligent building industry is the inevitable need for the development of human social progress and productivity in the 21st century.
Third, with the international advanced level gap
As the intelligent building system is a multidisciplinary, multi-technology system integration as a whole, and thus open interoperability system technology standardization, standardization, has become the realization of the intelligent building and its products, equipment and systems, the core of the industrialization of the technical level of the key. At present, the international building industry recognized the more advanced open system industry protocol standard technology has two: one is the United States Echelon company's LonWorks technology LonTalk standard protocol; the other is the United States Association of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) to develop the "Building Automation and Control Network Data Communication Protocol (BACnet)". BACnet at the same time also become the American national standard and the draft standard of the European **** body. Both are based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) "open system interconnection model" (OSI). Therefore, the two in the open system technology can complement each other interdependent, the former focus on the field control domain, the latter focus on the information application domain. And BACnet protocol level in the data link layer and the physical layer of the five options include LonTalk protocol. Therefore, it is inaccurate to artificially oppose the two in China. Moreover, both technologies are still in the process of continuous improvement and development.
China's intelligent building in the open interoperability system technology development research strictly speaking has not really started, the gap is quite large, urgently need to invest.
Four, the international development trend of technology
The 21st century is the era of information society and knowledge-based economy, but also the era of ecological civilization. From the general direction, the international advanced productivity level is using the mastery of building intelligence high-tech, explore the human survival, production and living environment space for sustainable development model.
The current technology directly utilized in intelligent building is building technology, computer technology, network communication technology, automation technology. In the field of intelligent building in the 21st century, information network technology, control network technology, smart card technology, visualization technology, mobile office technology, family intelligence technology, wireless LAN technology (including Bluetooth technology), data satellite communication technology, two-way TV transmission technology and so on, will have a more in-depth and wide range of specific development and application. Especially open control network technology is being standardized, wide-area, portability, scalability and interoperability direction.
But, more accurately, intelligent technology is only a means, intelligent buildings as a whole building industry product technology development, "sustainable development technology" is the 21st century intelligent building technology development of the long-term direction. Therefore, in addition to continue to use the above existing intelligent high technology to achieve sustainable development goals, emerging environmental ecology, bioengineering, bioelectronics, bionics, bioclimatology, new materials and other technological developments, is penetrating into the building intelligent multidisciplinary multi-technology fields, to achieve the goal of sustainable development of the human living environment. Thus, the so-called "sustainable development technology industry" has been formed in the international arena. At present, Europe, the United States, Japan and other developed countries are also developing and utilizing these high and new technologies to deal with garbage, sewage, waste gas, pollution, energy saving, water saving, elimination of electromagnetic pollution, sustainable use of resources, construction of artificial ecological environment, and so on; are also trying to use high and new technologies to build intelligent green buildings, intelligent ecological buildings on a large scale to "satisfy the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs."
Sustainable development in the 21st century intelligent building technology must work, live, rest, transportation, communication, management, public **** services, culture and other complex requirements, combined in time and space.
Fifth, suitable for China's national conditions, the choice of technology development considerations
Building intelligent systems engineering involves a number of professional government departments, it is logical that the State Council administrative department in charge of construction to unify the management of the construction of the national intelligent building construction work, standardize the intelligent building market behavior, and to protect the quality of intelligent building construction projects. From China's national conditions, should be in line with the "functional and practical, economical and applicable" principle of technology selection, the development of technical specifications and standards, support for localization, promote industrialization, and improve the overall level of intelligent building technology in China. In order to meet the globalization of the knowledge economy era, should be established with a stable mechanism of continuous innovation ability of China's intelligent building technology innovation system. In order to implement the sustainable development strategy, to develop sustainable intelligent building technology, and gradually promote the construction of intelligent green ecological buildings (including residential communities).
Intelligent building technology involves a number of professional and technical departments, should be comprehensive and simultaneous development and promotion. However, for the Ministry of Construction, should need to focus on seizing the development and promotion of building equipment automation (BA) technology. Because, on the one hand, BA technology is closely related to the building itself, the first basic technology of building intelligence system, on the other hand, BA technology does not belong to the business jurisdiction of other professional departments (such as the Ministry of Information Industry, public security, radio and television, environmental protection, electricity, etc.). Therefore, the Ministry of Construction should be obliged to undertake the development and promotion of BA technology, BA technology industrialization can not be left to its own devices. Because the BA system products and equipment and intelligent buildings are indispensable basic equipment, market demand has great potential. At present, foreign imports dominate the market. Therefore, the localization of industrialization is extremely far-reaching prospects.
As China's most populous, urban per capita living area of the world ranking is the last, according to the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the country's urban and rural residential cumulative area to reach 5.7 billion square meters of completed residential building area per capita by 2005 to 22 square meters of residential building area per capita in cities and towns, residential construction of the potential demand for a great deal of 21st century housing industry for the intelligent technology, the market demand for intelligent technology is very great. The demand for intelligent technology in the housing industry in the 21st century is bound to be very popular, so the prospect of the industrialization of intelligent residential district is promising. To establish an intelligent residential components, quality assurance, performance recognition system, standardize the behavior of property management, accelerate the property management legislation, the formation of a basically perfect industrial policy system.
Sixth, with the development of technology to match the policy measures
In order to ensure the overall quality of intelligent building construction projects, safeguard the benefits of investment, reduce the loss of waste, and improve the overall level of technological development of intelligent buildings, is conducive to technological innovation incentives, in line with the strategic direction of sustainable development, the following aspects of the recommendations:
(1) the development of the intelligent building industry, the technology Policies must first comply with the general direction of sustainable development strategy to adapt to China's government published "China's Agenda 21";
(2) "Tenth Five-Year Plan" should be structural adjustment as the main line. Adjustment and optimization of the industry's ownership structure, organizational structure and product structure. Intelligent building is a specific expression of the optimization and upgrading of the traditional construction industry and industrial restructuring;
(3) Uniformly grasp the reform of various types of qualification management in the field of intelligent building, break the regional and sectoral market blockade and segmentation, and promote the coordinated management of qualifications for design, construction and supervision. More use of market mechanisms and means to reduce the government's administrative setting of enterprise qualification approval practices, and gradually with the WTO market convergence, with individual qualifications instead of unit qualifications;
(4) immediately start to establish and improve the building of intelligent systems engineering implementation of the technical supervision system to fill in the blanks, in order to safeguard the quality of intelligent engineering. Intelligent system technical supervision engineers must be trained and assessed to obtain qualification certificates on duty;
(5) Intelligent building construction project project declaration, the project construction legal person (owner) must be in the project report (program description, project demonstration, feasibility report, etc.), explaining the content of the proposed project of the building intellectualization system engineering, the functional requirements and standards to be achieved, investment and measures;
(6) The construction of intelligent buildings is a systematic project with huge investment. In order to reduce the decision-making or choice errors, must be included in the technical advice engineering must have the legal norms and procedures, implemented in the engineering process at all times;
(7) the building's intelligent necessarily requires building design and adapt to it. Building design must be coordinated and synchronized with the overall planning of intelligent systems, the building environment platform must be able to support the building of intelligent enough. The construction of intelligent buildings must be building design and intelligent system integration, close coordination, overall planning, detailed management, careful implementation;
(8) intelligent building master plan must focus on taking into account to adapt to the 21st century information society environment development needs. In order to comprehensive planning, phased realization, both in line with the current reality, but also to meet the future development;
(9) the essence of system integration is the optimization of comprehensive integrated design. The whole process of building intelligent construction, not just from a single equipment supply to consider, but must be the entire building structure, systems, services and management of the four aspects of the starting point of the comprehensive (integration) to consider;
(10) intelligent building property operations management personnel must be systematic and comprehensive professional and technical training to obtain a certificate of competence, in order to ensure that the whole system of building intelligent Normal operation, to obtain economic benefits;
(11) the traditional engineering design units of professional and technical structure, has been far from adapting to the knowledge economy era of building intelligent system engineering design of technological innovation system needs. Engineering design units must adjust the corresponding professional structure in a timely manner, update and enrich the intelligent high-tech related professional technical force;
(12) according to the traditional practice, the moderator of the architectural engineering design project is the main architect of the building project. Thus, as the intelligent building engineering project host architects, the responsibility to shoulder the leading intelligent building engineering design and technological innovation;
(13) must be formulated as soon as possible to introduce a series of can be compatible with the design, construction, supervision, acceptance, property management and other norms and regulations, so that China's intelligent building engineering from local to the whole, from the link to the whole process can be followed, the formation of a system. System;
(14) must be strictly intelligent building project review and quality supervision and management. For the completed practice has proved to be excellent quality, reasonable function, good operation, outstanding benefits of intelligent building projects, should be encouraged as a model demonstration project. It is not appropriate to pre-seal the "model demonstration";
(15) in accordance with the "introduction, digestion, development, innovation" policy, to vigorously strengthen the open interoperability system technology research. In particular, in-depth analysis of foreign advanced technology to understand, to organize the strength of the input;
(16) due to the emerging field of intelligent building technology development is too fast, the technology is in a constant state of change. Therefore, the international advanced technology, it is not appropriate to mandate the positioning of a unique technology or protocol standards, and it is appropriate to take the "survival of the fittest, the survival of the fittest, market-oriented, industry-recognized" strategy;
(17) to have policy support. Strongly encourage the domestic building intelligent technology products and systems, to give appropriate preferential policies;
(18) engineering design units to implement the real enterprise. The formation of technological innovation as a benchmark, market competition as a guide, the enterprise system and mechanism reform as a means to establish a stable and effective policy incentives for technological innovation mechanism;
(19) immediately adjust the intelligent building design fees, "intelligent system design" separate item charges, the implementation of the "pay for work, pay for work, the system". "Pay for work, more work, more pay" principle;
(20) the national unity of the establishment of the "China Intelligent Building Industry Association (Association)", to play a cross-sectoral, cross-regional, cross-specialty coordination of the role of the integrated port. After joining the WTO, in accordance with the principles and provisions of the WTO, accelerate the industry associations (schools) to adapt themselves to the laws of the market economic system, adjusting and optimizing the organizational structure of the industry, and become an autonomous organization to enhance the industry's sense of self-discipline. And can not be industry associations (schools) will be run as a "second government".
Due to the relationship between the length of the above content has not been discussed, can only point to the present.
VII, concluding remarks
At the beginning of the new century, effectively and correctly formulate the "Tenth Five-Year" plan for the preparation of industrial and technological development policy for the development of China's intelligent building technology is extremely important for the strategic overall situation. To fully and widely listen to the views of experts in all aspects, to engage in "all over the world" brainstorming. As Minister Yu Zhengsheng of the Ministry of Construction has pointed out in recent years: "many mistakes in the construction is not listening to the views of experts caused by".
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