Chinese*** Central Committee's Proposal on Formulating the Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development
(Adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Fifteenth Central Committee of the Chinese*** Producers' Party on October 11, 2000)
Starting from the beginning of the new century, our country will enter into the all-around construction of a moderately prosperous society and the accelerate the socialist modernization of a new stage of development. Under the complicated domestic and international situation, through the ****together efforts of the whole Party and the people of all nationalities, the Ninth Five-Year Plan was successfully completed, and great achievements were made in the national economy and social development. More than two decades of reform, opening up and development have brought China's productivity level to a great stage, basically ending the shortage of commodities and bringing about significant changes in the market supply and demand relationship; the socialist market economic system has been initially established, with the market mechanism increasingly playing a fundamental role in allocating resources, and significant changes have taken place in the institutional environment for economic development; the all-round pattern of opening up to the outside world has basically taken shape, with the open economy rapidly developing and foreign economic relations undergoing a major change. The pattern of opening up to the outside world on all fronts has basically taken shape, and the open economy is developing rapidly, with significant changes in foreign economic relations. We have already achieved the strategic goals of the first two steps of modernization, with comprehensive economic and social development, and the people's lives have generally reached a moderately prosperous level, and we have begun to implement the third step of the strategic plan. This is a new milestone in the history of the development of the Chinese nation.
The next five to ten years is an important period for China's economic and social development, for the strategic adjustment of the economic structure, and for the improvement of the socialist market economic system and the expansion of opening to the outside world. According to the vision put forward by the Tenth National Congress of the CPC, the main objectives of economic and social development during the 10th Five-Year Plan period (2001-2005) are: to maintain a relatively fast pace of development of the national economy, to achieve significant results in the strategic adjustment of the economic structure, to significantly improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth, and to lay a solid foundation for the doubling of the GDP of the country in the year 2010 as compared with that of 2000; to make significant progress in the establishment of a modern enterprise system by the state-owned enterprises, and to make significant progress in the social security system. Significant progress has been made in the establishment of a modern enterprise system by state-owned enterprises, the social security system is relatively sound, substantial steps have been taken to improve the socialist market economic system, and we are participating in international economic cooperation and competition on a wider and deeper scale; employment channels have been broadened, the incomes of both urban and rural residents have continued to increase, and there has been a substantial improvement in material and cultural life, while ecological construction and environmental protection have been strengthened; scientific and technological education has accelerated, and the quality of the people has been further improved. The construction of spiritual civilization and the building of democracy and the rule of law have made obvious progress.
Development is the hard truth and the key to solving all of China's problems. To realize the ambitious goal of modernization, to solve the contradictions and problems in economic and social life, and to continuously improve the people's living standards, it is necessary to maintain a relatively fast pace of development. At present, the trend of economic globalization is increasing, the scientific and technological revolution is developing rapidly, the pace of industrial restructuring is accelerating, and international competition is becoming more intense. The pressure of economic and scientific and technological superiority of developed countries, hegemonism and power politics will persist for a long time. With regard to the opportunities and challenges brought to our country by the profound changes in the world situation and the development trend, we should have a clear understanding and enhance the sense of urgency and anxiety. We must be proactive and strive to improve our comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness, and must not lose the opportunity for development by sticking to the old rut. The situation at home and abroad requires us to unswervingly implement the spirit of the Fifteenth National Congress of the Party, adhere to the economic construction as the center unswervingly, seize the opportunity to accelerate development.
To achieve sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy, it is necessary to improve economic efficiency as the center of the strategic adjustment of the economic structure. Problems in the economic structure, mainly the industrial structure is unreasonable, regional development is not coordinated, the level of urbanization is low, which is the current economic development of China's outstanding contradictions. It is only by solving the problem of economic structure that we can expand domestic demand, increase effective supply, and effectively improve the overall quality of the national economy and win the initiative in the increasingly fierce international competition. We should insist on promoting economic restructuring in the midst of development and maintaining rapid development in the midst of economic restructuring. The main tasks of the strategic economic restructuring are: optimizing the industrial structure, comprehensively improving the level and efficiency of agriculture, industry and services; rationally adjusting the layout of productive forces, and promoting the coordinated development of the regional economy; gradually promoting urbanization, and striving to achieve benign interaction between the urban and rural economies; and striving to improve the infrastructure and the ecological environment, so as to achieve sustainable development. Continuing to complete industrialization is an arduous and historic task in China's modernization process. Vigorously promoting the informatization of the national economy and society is a strategic initiative covering the whole picture of modernization. Driving industrialization with informatization, giving full play to the advantage of latecomers, and realizing the leapfrog development of social productivity.
Promoting economic development and structural adjustment must rely on institutional innovation and scientific and technological innovation. To deepen the reform, give full play to the role of the market mechanism, promote the state-owned economic layout and ownership structure adjustment, so that the relations of production to meet the requirements of the development of productive forces, and further emancipation and development of productive forces; continue to implement the strategy of science and education, accelerate scientific and technological progress and training of personnel, and give full play to the science and technology as the first productive forces of the decisive role. The completion of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" to maintain sustained, rapid and healthy economic development depends on the institutional reform and scientific and technological progress to make breakthroughs, and promote the fundamental transformation of the economic system and economic growth.
The Tenth Five-Year Plan is the first five-year plan to enter the new century, the first five-year plan to implement the third step of modernization and the first five-year plan after the initial establishment of the socialist market economic system. In formulating the Tenth Five-Year Plan, it is necessary to take development as the theme, structural adjustment as the main line, reform, opening-up and scientific and technological progress as the driving force, and improvement of people's living standards as the fundamental starting point. The new situation following accession to the World Trade Organization should be fully assessed, and the requirements for the development of a socialist market economy should be fully reflected. In the face of the situation and tasks of the new stage of reform, opening up and modernization, it is necessary to adhere to the Party's basic theory, basic line and basic programme, further emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts, correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, and promote economic development and overall social progress. To this end, it is necessary to focus on studying and solving major strategic, macro and policy issues.
First, consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture
Strengthening agriculture is an important element of economic restructuring, and is also the basis for maintaining economic development and social stability. The shortage of arable land and water resources is a long-term constraint on China's agricultural development. Increasing population and rising consumption levels will place higher demands on agricultural production. Great importance must be attached to protecting and improving grain production capacity, building a stable commercial grain base, establishing a food security system that meets China's national conditions and the requirements of a socialist market economy, and ensuring a basic balance between supply and demand for grain. We must fully understand the importance and enormity of developing agriculture, always put agriculture in the first place in the development of the national economy, to ensure that agriculture in improving the overall quality and efficiency of the basis for sustained and stable development.
Increasing farmers' income by all means is not only related to the development of agriculture and rural areas, but also to the overall situation of the national economy. We should vigorously adjust the agricultural structure, actively expand the field of farmers' income, increase the support and protection of agriculture, effectively reduce the burden on farmers, and realize the sustainable growth of farmers' income.
Agricultural and rural economic restructuring, to market-oriented, relying on science and technology, and constantly to the breadth and depth of production. To optimize varieties, improve quality, increase efficiency as the center, vigorously adjust the structure of agricultural products. Accelerate the development of animal husbandry and aquaculture, and improve the level and efficiency of agricultural product processing. Reasonably adjust the regional layout of agricultural production and give full play to the comparative advantages of agriculture in various places. Guide township and village enterprises to promote structural adjustment, technological progress and institutional innovation, achieve healthy development, and accelerate the transfer of surplus agricultural labor. Vigorously promote the construction of an agricultural socialized service system focusing on scientific and technological services and information services. Support agricultural science and technology innovation and popularization, so that advanced and applicable technologies can enter more farming households. Accelerate the establishment of agricultural market information, food safety and quality standard systems, and guide farmers to produce high-quality agricultural products according to market demand.
Deepening rural reform is a fundamental measure to protect and mobilize farmers' enthusiasm. The government has also accelerated the legalization of the rural land system and stabilized the two-tier management system based on family contracting and the integration of the unified and separate management systems in the long term. On the basis of carefully summarizing pilot experiences, accelerate the reform of rural taxes and fees. Reform of township organizations will be carried out in a positive and steady manner. Deepen the market-oriented reform of the agricultural product circulation system, develop the agricultural product sales, storage and transportation, preservation and other industries, and give full play to the positive role of various types of intermediary organizations in revitalizing the circulation of agricultural products. Improve the grain purchase price protection, grain reserves and risk fund system.
(Immediately after the first edition) reform of the rural financial system, improve financial services, increase credit investment in agriculture, and give full play to the role of rural credit unions to support the production and operation of farmers. Continue to deepen the reform of rural supply and marketing societies. To take the industrialization of agriculture as an important way to promote the modernization of agriculture, encourage and support the processing and marketing of agricultural products and other enterprises to drive farmers to enter the market, the formation of benefits *** enjoy, risk *** share the form of organization and business mechanism.
Increase investment in agriculture and rural areas through multiple channels, insist on mass farmland infrastructure, strengthen rural roads, power supply, water supply, communications and other infrastructure construction, and improve rural production, living and market conditions.
Second, accelerate the industrial restructuring and transformation and structural optimization and upgrading
Industrial restructuring and transformation and structural optimization and upgrading is a very urgent task of the strategic adjustment of the economic structure, and is crucial for sustained economic growth. We should adhere to the market-oriented, enterprise-oriented, supported by technological progress, focus, in and out, and strive to improve the overall quality and international competitiveness of China's industry.
China's industry has a considerable foundation, is an important support for the development of the national economy. To effectively change the mode of industrial growth, enhance the ability of technological innovation, and actively adopt high-tech and advanced technology, accelerate the technological transformation of traditional industries. Focusing on increasing variety, improving quality, saving energy and reducing consumption, preventing and controlling pollution, and raising labor productivity, a number of backbone enterprises in the energy, metallurgy, chemical, textile, machinery, automobile, building materials, and construction industries will be rebuilt with a focus on raising the level of technology and equipment. Vigorously revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry, relying on key technological transformation and major engineering projects, improving the level of design and manufacturing, advancing electromechanical integration, and providing advanced and complete sets of technology and equipment for various industries. Measures have been taken to actively promote the transformation of old industrial bases, giving full play to their advantages of strong foundation and gathering of talents, and striving to improve the level of industries. Cities and large mining areas dominated by resource extraction should develop successive and alternative industries according to local conditions. To accelerate the development of electronic information, bio-engineering and new materials and other high-tech industries, the formation of new growth points in industrial development. The transformation of traditional industries and the development of high-tech industries are closely integrated to promote the optimization and upgrading of the entire industry and sustainable development.
Comprehensively utilize economic, legal and necessary administrative means to close down factories and mines that have poor product quality, waste resources, cause serious pollution, and do not have safe production conditions; eliminate outdated equipment, technology and techniques, and compress excess production capacity in some industries. Improve the market exit mechanism for enterprises, and implement bankruptcy for enterprises with long-term losses, insolvency and no hope of reversing losses. Actively and steadily close down mines with depleted resources. Through active withdrawal and positive adjustment, improve the efficiency of resource allocation.
In accordance with the principle of specialization, division of labor and collaboration and economies of scale, accelerate the restructuring of enterprise organization. Through mergers, unions, reorganization and other forms, the formation of a number of independent intellectual property rights, the main business is prominent, the core ability of the large companies and enterprise groups, improve industrial concentration and product development capacity. Actively support small and medium-sized enterprises, especially science and technology-based enterprises, and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the direction of "specialization, refinement, specialization and innovation". Under the state's macro-control, give full play to the role of the market mechanism, and gradually form a pattern of large enterprises as the leading, large and medium-sized enterprises to coordinate the development of the pattern.
Industrial restructuring and transformation to follow the laws of the market economy, and correctly guide the direction of investment. To rely on the existing foundation, to prevent the blind expansion of scale and duplication of construction. From China's labor surplus of the national situation, pay attention to the development of labor-intensive industries. To adhere to the introduction of technology combined with independent innovation, the advanced nature of technology and applicability of unity.
Third, vigorously develop the service industry
The strategic adjustment of the economic structure, we must accelerate the development of the service industry, expand the total volume, optimize the structure, broaden the field of service, improve the level of service. To develop modern service industry, reorganize and transform the traditional service industry, and significantly increase the value added of the service industry as a proportion of GDP and the proportion of employees in society as a whole.
The modern service industry should improve the level of service and technology content, vigorously develop the information, finance, accounting, consulting, legal services and other industries, drive the overall level of service industry. The traditional service industry should be transformed using modern business methods and service technology, focusing on the development of business circulation, transportation, municipal services and other industries, the implementation of chain management, logistics and distribution, multimodal transport, online sales and other forms of organization and service mode, to improve the quality of service and operational efficiency.
The development of the service industry should be oriented to urban and rural consumption. Further develop the real estate industry focusing on affordable housing, promote and standardize property management. Actively develop the tourism industry, develop and protect tourism resources, and enrich tourism products. Accelerate the development of the community service industry and provide convenient and beneficial services. Guide the development of industries such as culture and entertainment, education and training, sports and fitness, and health care, to meet the demand for service-oriented consumption. The development of rural service industry, increase service content, improve the consumer environment.
Accelerate the pace of marketization and socialization of the service industry. Break the monopoly in the service industry, relax market access, introduce competition mechanism, and encourage the optimization and restructuring of enterprises. Realize the intermediary institutions and administrative departments to decouple and restructuring. Accelerate the socialization of services provided by enterprises, institutions and agencies. Actively promote the reform of the circulation system, enhance the vitality of circulation enterprises.
Fourth, accelerate the national economy and social informatization
Informatization is the world's economic and social development trend, but also the optimization and upgrading of China's industries and the realization of industrialization and modernization of the key links. To promote the national economy and social informatization on a priority position. Conform to the development of world information technology, market-oriented demand, promote institutional innovation, and strive to achieve the leapfrog development of China's information industry.
To widely apply information technology in the whole society, improve the popularization and application of computers and networks, and strengthen the development and utilization of information resources. Government administration, social public **** services, enterprise production and management to use digital, network technology, accelerate the pace of information technology. Consumer-oriented, provide multi-faceted information products and network services. Actively create conditions to promote informatization in the fields of finance, taxation and trade, and accelerate the development of e-commerce. Promote the combination of information industry and related cultural industries. Schools of all levels and types should actively promote computer and network education. Popularize the knowledge and skills of informatization in the whole society.
Strengthen the construction of modern information infrastructure. Seize the opportunity to develop and improve the national high-speed broadband transmission network, accelerate the construction of user access networks, expand the use of the Internet, and promote the integration of telecommunications, television and computer networks. Improve the national public **** information network. Strengthen the legal system and comprehensive management of informatization. Strengthen the information network security system.
Accelerate the development of information industry. Focus on promoting the industrialization of core information technology such as ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, high-performance computers, large-scale system software, ultra-high-speed network systems, new-generation mobile communication equipment and digital television systems. Accelerate the development of software industry and integrated circuit industry, support the development of new components, computer network products, digital audio-visual products, improve the information technology equipment and system integration capabilities to meet the market demand for various types of information products. Actively develop the information service industry, especially network services.
Fifth, to further strengthen water conservancy, transportation, energy and other infrastructure construction
Strengthening infrastructure construction is a very important task in the next five to ten years. To optimize the structure, adjust the layout, improve the quality of the project, broaden investment channels, focus on the efficiency of investment, infrastructure construction to a new level.
Water construction should be comprehensive planning, integrated and balanced, both symptomatic and comprehensive management. Adhere to the combination of profitability and elimination of harm, open source and concurrently, flood prevention and drought relief, and make great efforts to solve the floods, water resource shortage and water pollution problems. Scientifically formulate and actively implement the national water conservancy construction master plan and major river basin planning. It has accelerated the management of large rivers and lakes, and tightened the construction of major river control projects and the reinforcement of reservoirs at risk, so as to improve flood control and storage capacity. Improve the maintenance and construction of small and medium-sized water conservancy projects. Strengthen the construction of urban flood control projects. Improve the supporting construction and management of water conservancy facilities, and accelerate the transformation of existing irrigation areas. The sustainable use of water resources is a strategic issue in China's economic and social development, the core is to improve the efficiency of water use, and put water conservation in a prominent position. We should strengthen the planning and management of water resources, improve the rational allocation of water resources throughout the river basin, and coordinate the use of water for living, production and ecology. Urban construction and industrial and agricultural production layout should give full consideration to the capacity of water resources. Vigorously implement water conservation measures, develop water-saving agriculture, industry and services, and establish a water-saving society. Grasp the sources of water pollution. Reform the water management system, establish a reasonable water price formation mechanism, and mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society to save water and prevent water pollution. Take a variety of ways to alleviate the contradiction of water shortage in the northern region, step up the preliminary work of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and start construction as soon as possible.
Transportation construction should be integrated planning, rational arrangement, strengthen the construction of highways, railroads, ports, airports, pipeline systems, improve smooth, safe and convenient modern comprehensive transportation system. Strengthen the highway national highway construction, improve the highway network, and gradually improve the depth of access to the road network. Strengthen the construction of urban roads. Strengthen the construction of main railroad corridors, expand the railroad network, renovate existing lines, increase the running speed of trains, and appropriately develop high-speed railroads and rail transit in big cities. Strengthen the construction of coastal hub ports and the management of inland waterways, develop waterway transportation and build an international shipping center. Develop regional airports, improve hub airports and optimize aviation networks. Strengthen the construction of oil and gas pipelines and form a pipeline transportation network.
Energy construction should give full play to the advantages of resources, optimize the energy structure, improve utilization efficiency and strengthen environmental protection. Adjust the structure of coal production, develop clean coal technology, increase the proportion of high-quality coal and clean coal, and eliminate backward production capacity. Implement oil and gas, accelerate oil and gas exploration, development and utilization. Actively utilize foreign oil and gas resources through cooperative development. Power construction should be based on the current, focusing on the long term, adjusting the power structure, strengthening the construction of power grids, and promoting the national network. Make full use of the existing power generation capacity, develop hydropower, pithead large-unit thermal power, compress small thermal power, and develop nuclear power moderately. Deepen the reform of the electric power system, gradually implement the separation of plants and grids, bidding for Internet access, and improve the formation mechanism of reasonable electricity prices. Develop new energy and renewable energy. Promote energy conservation and comprehensive utilization of technology.
Six, the implementation of the western development, and promote the coordinated development of the region
The implementation of the western development strategy, accelerate the development of the central and western regions, the relationship between economic development, national unity, social stability, and the coordinated development of the region and the ultimate realization of the *** with the affluence of the region, the realization of the third step of the strategic objectives of the major initiatives. The development of the western region is a difficult historical task, both a sense of urgency, but also the ideological preparation for a long-term struggle. We must adhere to the actual starting point, proactive, within the limits of their capabilities, integrated planning, scientific evidence, highlighting the key points, step-by-step implementation. Strive to use five to ten years, so that the western region of infrastructure and ecological environment construction breakthrough progress, western development has a good start.
Western development to accelerate infrastructure construction, grasp a number of transportation, water conservancy, communications, power grids and urban infrastructure and other major projects, the implementation of the "West-East Gas Transmission", "West-East Electricity". Strengthen ecological construction and environmental protection, plan and step by step to grasp the return of farmland to forests and grassland and other ecological construction projects to improve the production conditions and ecological environment in the western region. It will actively adjust the industrial structure, strengthen agriculture, develop specialty industries, promote the rational development and in-depth processing of advantageous resources, accelerate the cultivation of tourism, and strive to form economic advantages. It will develop science and technology education, do a good job of cultivating, utilizing and introducing talents, carry out exchanges of cadres, and promote high and new technologies and advanced and applicable technologies. Relying on the Asia-Europe Continental Bridge, the Yangtze River waterway, the southwestern sea corridor and other transportation arteries, and giving play to the role of the central city, the development will be promoted in a focused manner by stringing points together with lines and bringing them to the surface. The State has implemented policies and measures focused on supporting the development of the western region, and increased the investment of construction funds. Increase financial transfers to the western regions, especially the minority regions. Accelerate the reform of the western region and expand the pace of opening up to the outside world, and give full play to the vitality of a variety of ownership of the economy.
The central region should give full play to the location advantages and comprehensive resource advantages of the east and west and the north and south, accelerate the pace of development, and strive to improve the level of industrialization and urbanization. Focusing on areas along important land and water transportation routes, the company is actively cultivating new economic growth points and economic zones. Vigorously develop the industrialized operation of agriculture and build regionalized, specialized and large-scale production and processing bases for agricultural commodities. Increase the efforts to transform traditional industries with high-tech and advanced applicable technology, and gradually form competitive industries with their own characteristics.
Continuing to play a leading role in the economic development of the eastern coastal areas of the country, and striving to take the lead in the basic modernization of places with the conditions. Accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, develop high-tech industries, further develop the export-oriented economy, and strive to improve international competitiveness. Actively explore the domestic market, vigorously promote various forms of regional economic and technical cooperation, to achieve complementary advantages, and support the development of the central and western regions.
Seventh, actively and steadily promote urbanization
Improve the level of urbanization, transfer of rural population, can provide a broad market and lasting impetus for economic development, is the optimization of the urban and rural economic structure, and promote the benign cycle of the national economy and the coordinated development of the community's major measures. With the increase in the level of agricultural productivity and the acceleration of the industrialization process, the conditions for promoting urbanization in China have become mature, and we should lose no time in implementing the urbanization strategy.
The development of small towns is an important way to promote urbanization in China. The construction of small towns should be rationally laid out, scientific planning, moderate scale, and focus on effectiveness. To put the focus of development to the county and part of the basic conditions, development potential of the town, so that as soon as possible to improve the function of the collection of population, play the role of rural regional economic and cultural centers. The key to the development of small towns lies in the prosperity of the small town economy, to guide the reasonable concentration of township and village enterprises, improve the rural market system, the development of industrialized agricultural management and socialized services and small town construction. To open up investment and financing channels, encourage enterprises and urban and rural residents to invest, under the guidance of the Government, mainly through the role of market mechanisms to build small towns. Reform the household registration system in small towns. On the premise of protecting arable land and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of farmers, land for town construction should be properly resolved. As soon as possible to form the administrative management system in line with the economic and social characteristics of small towns.
The level of economic development and the degree of market development in different regions of China vary greatly, and we should promote urbanization from the actual situation of each region, and gradually form a reasonable town system. Attention should be paid to the development of economic ties between cities, and the role of small and medium-sized cities in driving the development of small towns. While focusing on the development of small towns, actively develop small and medium-sized cities, improve the function of regional central cities, give play to the role of radiation driven by large cities, and improve the level of planning, construction and comprehensive management of various types of cities, to come out of a road of urbanization in line with China's national conditions, the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns.
VIII, promote scientific and technological progress and innovation
Scientific and technological progress and innovation, is to enhance the comprehensive national strength of the decisive factor. In accordance with the policy of doing something and doing nothing, overall follow-up, key breakthroughs, improve the ability of science and technology to sustain innovation, to achieve technological leapfrog development, for the strategic adjustment of the economic structure and modernization continue to provide strong technical support.
The key tasks of scientific and technological progress and innovation are to strengthen technological innovation, develop high and new technologies, and enhance the level of industrial technology. Actively promote high-tech research of strategic significance, focusing on information technology, biotechnology, new materials technology, advanced manufacturing technology, aerospace technology and other key areas of breakthroughs, in a number of high-tech areas related to the lifeblood of the country's economy and security, to improve the ability of independent innovation. Through the implementation of major high-tech engineering projects, promote the transformation of high-tech achievements, and strive to realize industrialization in such fields as the design and manufacture of sub-micron and deep-sub-micron integrated circuits, high-performance computers, opto-electronic materials and devices, bioengineered medicines, biochips, and agricultural bioengineering. Accelerate the technological upgrading of traditional industries, select a number of key areas such as equipment manufacturing, deep processing of agricultural products, comprehensive utilization of resources, etc., and accelerate the development of *** technologies, key technologies and supporting technologies that can promote structural upgrading. Strengthen basic research and applied basic research, aiming at the world's scientific and technological development of the frontier, select China has certain advantages, the national economy and social development of great significance in the field of research, focus on breakthroughs, and strive to genomics, information science, nanoscience, ecological sciences and earth sciences and other aspects of new progress.
Institutional innovation is the guarantee of scientific and technological progress and innovation. To deepen the reform of the science and technology system, the formation of a new mechanism in line with the requirements of the market economy and the laws of scientific and technological development, optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources, strengthen the integration of technology, and further solve the problem of disconnecting science and technology from the economy. We will promote the construction of a national innovation system and promote enterprises to become the mainstay of technological progress and innovation. Strengthen the combination of industry, academia and research, and encourage application and development-oriented scientific research institutes to enter enterprises or be restructured as enterprises. Establish a science and technology intermediary service system with socialized and networked service functions, set up a mechanism for risk investment, develop the capital market, and support the industrialization of high and new technologies. Increase the investment in science and technology by the state and society as a whole, and improve the efficiency of investment. Improve the policy environment for promoting scientific and technological innovation and form a social environment that encourages scientific and technological innovation. Expand international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, encourage foreign-funded enterprises to set up research and development organizations in China, support China's scientific and technological enterprises to conduct research and development abroad, and promote the sharing of resources and information***. Strengthen the popularization of science and vigorously promote the spirit of science in society as a whole.
Nine, vigorously develop human resources, accelerate the development of education
Talent is the most valuable resource. Today and the future of international competition, in the final analysis, is the competition for talent. To cultivate, attract and utilize talents as a major strategic task effectively. Generally improve the quality of workers, build a large, high-quality talent team, especially to train a large number of urgently needed information, finance, accounting, foreign trade, law and modern management professionals.
Education is the basis for cultivating talents, and has a pioneering and overall role in economic and social development, and should be developed moderately ahead of schedule. The development of education should be oriented to modernization, the world and the future, and take the road of reform and innovation. Update the content of teaching materials, improve teaching methods, reform the examination system, strive to promote quality education, emphasize the cultivation of the spirit of innovation and practical ability, promote the all-round development of students in morality, intellectuality, physicality and aesthetics, and improve the quality of personnel training. Improve the modernization and informatization of education, and vigorously develop modern distance education. Reasonably adjust and allocate the existing educational resources, strengthen the construction of disciplines, and adjust the professional settings according to the structure of talent demand. Optimize the structure of teachers and build a high-quality teaching force. Continue to deepen the reform of the education management system and school-running system, and actively encourage various forms of social school-running. Increase the State's investment in education. It will continue to popularize nine-year compulsory education and eradicate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people, and expand the scale of senior secondary education and higher education. Vocational education and training of all kinds are being actively developed. Improve the system of continuing education and gradually establish a lifelong education system.
Strengthen the construction of the talent team, and strive to create a favorable environment for using and attracting talents, and form a social atmosphere of respecting knowledge, respecting talents, and encouraging entrepreneurship. Accelerate the establishment of a mechanism conducive to the emergence of various types of outstanding talents and make the best use of them. Attach great importance to the cultivation and utilization of young talents. Optimize the professional and age structure of talents and promote the reasonable distribution of talents in industries and regions. Improve the intellectual property protection system. Establish and improve the talent market system with sound mechanism, standardized operation, excellent service and powerful guidance and supervision, and promote the reasonable flow of talents. Adopt various measures to attract and employ overseas high-level talents. Continue to implement the policy of supporting students to study abroad, encouraging them to return to their home countries, free to come and go, and encouraging them to return to their home countries to work or to serve their motherland in an appropriate way.
Leadership is a key factor in the development of the cause of socialist modernization. It is necessary to cultivate and create a team of high-quality leaders at all levels and in all categories who adhere to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, have high political and theoretical literacy and pioneering spirit, master modern scientific and cultural and managerial knowledge, and have passed the test of practice from a strategic height, focusing on the long-term development of various undertakings and the overall demand for talents. Strengthen the construction of leading cadres at all levels, especially young cadres, and make this work a major event that will determine the future development of our country. To increase the reform of the cadre and personnel system, update the concept of employment, open up a wide range of channels to create conditions for the growth, selection and appointment of young and outstanding leadership talent.
X. Strengthening population and resource management, and emphasizing ecological construction and environmental protection
The implementation of the strategy of sustainable development is a long-term plan for the survival and development of the Chinese nation.
Continue to strictly control the size of the population and strive to improve the quality of the population. Stabilize the current family planning policy, maintain a low fertility level, and promote eugenics. Focus on family planning in rural areas, especially in the central and western parts of the country. Strengthen the management of family planning for the floating population. Strengthening family planning publicity, education and the legal system. Attaching importance to the trend of population aging, efforts are being made to solve the problems of social security and spiritual and cultural life of the aging population.
Rationalize the use, conservation and protection of resources, and improve the utilization rate of resources. Protect and develop water, land, minerals, forests, grasslands, oceans and other national resources in accordance with the law. Strengthen resource exploration and establish a sound system of paid use of resources. Improve the national strategic resource reserve system. Strictly implement the basic farmland protection system and effectively protect arable land. Promote the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of resources.
Strengthen ecological construction and curb ecological deterioration. Vigorously plant trees and grasses, promote the construction of protective forest systems in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China, and grasp the natural forest protection projects in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, so as to increase the national forest coverage rate. Increase efforts to prevent and treat sand, accelerate the management of small watersheds, and reduce soil erosion. Strengthen grassland construction, prevent overloading and overgrazing, and curb grassland degradation and desertification. Extensively carry out urban greening. Grasp the construction of the Beijing-Tianjin Ecosphere Project. Strengthen the construction of nature reserves and ecological demonstration zones, and protect terrestrial and marine biodiversity.
Increase environmental protection and governance. Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban air pollution, water pollution, garbage pollution and noise pollution, so that the environmental quality of large and medium-sized cities has been significantly improved. Emphasize the management of rural pollution. Control and manage industrial pollution and accelerate the promotion of cleaner production technologies. Continue to grasp the pollution control of key watersheds, regions and sea areas. Vigorously develop environmental protection industries and strengthen research and development of key technologies and process equipment for environmental protection. Improve environmental, meteorological and seismic monitoring systems. Strengthen disaster prevention and mitigation. Improve laws and regulations on ecological construction and environmental protection, and strengthen law enforcement and supervision. Carry out education on environmental protection and raise the awareness of environmental protection among all people.
Eleven, further deepen the reform, improve the socialist market economic system
Economic development and structural adjustment ultimately rely on reform. We must boldly explore and innovate, break through the institutional barriers affecting the development of productive forces, and gradually improve the socialist market economic system.
The reform of state-owned enterprises is the centerpiece of the economic system reform