Special types of work refer to the general term for the job categories of personnel engaged in special operations. They refer to types of work that are prone to casualties and pose major hazards to the safety of the operator, others and surrounding facilities. The former Ministry of Labor of the People’s Republic of China designated types of work that are engaged in underground, high-altitude, high-temperature, extremely heavy physical labor, or other types of work harmful to health as special types of work, and clarified that the scope of special types of work shall be determined by the competent departments of various industries or the labor department.
For those engaged in underground, high-altitude, high-temperature, particularly heavy physical labor, or other work harmful to health, the retirement age is 55 years old for men and 45 years old for women.
Special types of work mainly include:
1. Electrical work. Including workers in power generation, transmission, transformation and distribution, installation, operation, overhaul (repair) and test workers of electrical equipment, and underground electric fitters in mines;
2. Metal welding and cutting operations. Including welders and cutters;
3. Hoisting machinery operations. Including crane drivers, rigging workers, signal conductors, installation and maintenance workers;
4. Driving motor vehicles within the enterprise. Including drivers of various types of motor vehicles driving in enterprises, docks, freight yards and other production areas and construction sites;
5. Elevated erection operations. Including workers for erection, dismantling, and maintenance of heights above 2 meters, and surface cleaners of high-rise buildings (structures);
6. Boiler operations (including water quality testing). Including pressure boiler operators and boiler water quality test workers;
7. Pressure vessel operations. Including pressure vessel fillers, inspectors, transportation escorts, and large air compressor operators;
8. Refrigeration operations. Including refrigeration equipment installers, operators, and maintenance workers;
9. Blasting operations. Including ground engineering blasting and underground blasting;
10. Mine ventilation operations. Including main fan operators, gas drainage workers, ventilation safety monitoring workers, wind and dust measurement workers;
11. Mine drainage operations. Including mine main drainage pump workers and tailings dam operators;
12. Mine safety inspection operations. Including safety inspectors, gas inspectors, and electrical equipment explosion-proof inspectors;
13. Mine lifting and transportation operations. Including main hoist operators, (mountain up and down) winch operators, fixed belt conveyor operators, signal workers, tank holding (hook) workers;
14. Mining (stripping) operations. Including shearer drivers, boring machine drivers, rock rake drivers, rock drill drivers;
15. Mine rescue operations;
16. Hazardous goods operations. Operators, transport escorts, and storage custodians containing hazardous chemicals, civilian explosives, and radioactive materials;
17. Other operations approved by the National Administration.
Legal basis:
Article 55 of the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China
Workers engaged in special operations must undergo specialized training And obtain special operation qualifications.
Article 59: It is prohibited to arrange female workers to engage in labor underground in mines, labor with the fourth level of physical labor intensity specified by the state, and other taboo labor.
Article 60: Female workers shall not be assigned to work at high altitudes, at low temperatures, in cold water, or at the third level of physical labor intensity prescribed by the state during menstruation.
Article 30 of the "Production Safety Law of the People's Republic of China"
Special operations personnel of production and business units must undergo special safety operation training in accordance with relevant national regulations and obtain Only those with corresponding qualifications can start working.
Article 3 of the "Regulations on the Management of Safety Technical Training and Assessment for Special Operations Personnel"
The term "special operations" as mentioned in these regulations refers to operations that are prone to accidents and are harmful to the safety and health of the operator himself and others. and operations that may cause major harm to the safety of equipment and facilities. The scope of special operations is specified in the special operations catalog.
Special operations personnel as mentioned in these regulations refer to employees who are directly engaged in special operations.
Article 4 Special operations personnel shall meet the following conditions:
(1) At least 18 years old and not exceeding the national statutory retirement age;
(2) ) have passed the physical examination at a community or medical institution above the county level and have no organic heart disease, epilepsy, Meniere's disease, vertigo, hysteria, paralysis shaking, mental illness, dementia that would prevent them from engaging in corresponding special work; Other diseases and physical defects;
(3) Have a junior high school education or above;
(4) Have necessary safety technical knowledge and skills;
( 5) Other conditions stipulated in the corresponding special operations.
In addition to meeting the conditions stipulated in items (1), (2), (4) and (5) of the preceding paragraph, personnel specializing in hazardous chemicals operations should have a high school degree or equivalent. High school education or above.
Article 5: Special operations personnel must undergo specialized safety technical training and pass the assessment, and obtain the "Special Operations Operation Certificate of the People's Republic of China" before they can start working.
Article 1 of the "Interim Measures of the State Council on Retirement of Workers": Those who work in enterprises, public institutions, party and government agencies, and mass organizations owned by the whole people and meet one of the following conditions should retire.
(1) Males are over sixty years old, females are over fifty years old, and have served for ten consecutive years.
(2) Those who are engaged in underground, high-altitude, high-temperature, particularly heavy physical labor or other work that is harmful to health, men must be over 55 years old, women must be over 45 years old, and have worked continuously for ten years of.
This provision also applies to grassroots cadres whose working conditions are the same as those of workers.
(3) Males are over 50 years old, females are over 45 years old, have worked continuously for ten years, are certified by the hospital and confirmed by the Labor Appraisal Committee, and have completely lost the ability to work.
(4) Disabled due to work, certified by the hospital and confirmed by the Labor Appraisal Committee Chairman’s Committee, indicating that the person has completely lost the ability to work.