Cherish water resources
Platform for action
Water, the source of life, is the place where 10 trillion lives depend. People keep wasting water resources, but few people do. Although nearly 5∕9 of the earth is covered with water, 97% of it is inedible seawater, and the remaining 3% of fresh water is only 1∕3 for drinking. This shows how precious water is.
introduce
"Water is the source of life, and we should protect every drop of water." This sentence is true, if there is no water, the earth will dry up; If there is no water, we humans may die of thirst; If there is no water, there will be no our beautiful world. We should cherish every drop of water and every tear of Mother Earth.
We can't wash our faces, brush our teeth and quench our thirst without water. There are no fish, shrimp, flowers and trees on the dining table. We don't know what swimming is. All boats and boats are scrapped, concrete can't stop, tall buildings can't be built, and even little dolls can't cry ... In short, water is very precious. But there are often many people who don't know how to cherish. The faucet spouts water, but people don't know where to go; Pour a jar of water into the bathtub, soak it for ten minutes, and then let the water run away. ...
So our science and technology group decided to investigate and analyze, write a paper, and call on everyone to save water and protect water resources.
1. Investigation and analysis on the total water consumption of Guangdong residents.
The water use habits of most of us in Guangdong can be summed up in two words-waste. It is reported that in 2007, the comprehensive water consumption per capita in Guangdong Province was 493 cubic meters, while in 2007, the comprehensive water consumption per capita in China was only 438 cubic meters. In the impression of ordinary people, Guangdong is located at the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland, with abundant rainfall and abundant water resources. Therefore, Guangdong people have long developed the habit of using water without worry and using it whenever they want. Water used in agriculture, industry and urban life is seriously wasted. The water quota of various industries is generally higher than that of other provinces. But the actual amount of water resources is not high. According to reports, at present, the per capita water resources in Guangdong are 2 1 18 cubic meters, which is less than the national average of 2,200 cubic meters and only equivalent to a quarter of the world's per capita water resources. In recent years, the frequency of drought and water shortage is obviously higher than before, especially in coastal areas. When suffering from drought, salt tide disasters often use the river water level to drop. Therefore, the shortage of water resources has become an important restrictive factor for Guangdong to achieve the goal of a well-off society in an all-round way and the sustained and rapid economic development in the next 20 years.
Similarly, there is a waste of water that we all often do. Now, we see that many stores use sterilized plastic wrap tableware for customers, but some diners habitually rinse with hot tea before using it. This is a waste of water. From the point of view of saving water, this habit is a great waste. If a glass of water is 1/8 liters, 8 customers use 1 liter, 8,000 customers are 1 ton of water, that is, 1 cubic meter of water, and 80,000 customers are1cubic meter of water. According to the statistics of permanent population and floating population in Guangzhou at the beginning of last year, it has reached120,000. Roughly speaking, if everyone goes to a restaurant once a day, the water for washing dishes alone will be wasted 1500 cubic meters, which is 547,500 cubic meters a year.
Of course, Cantonese people gradually know how to save. He Guoqing, deputy director of Guangdong Hydrology Bureau, and other experts talked about building a water-saving society at a water use activity on June 1 1, and thought that Guangdong had great water-saving potential and broad prospects. The first is the potential of industrial water saving. At present, Guangdong's industrial water intake quota is high, the reuse rate is low and the leakage is serious. The reuse rate of industrial water in China is about 55%, while that in developed countries is 75%~85%. The recycling rate in Guangdong is generally only 20%~40%. Therefore, experts believe that industrial water-saving channels are mainly to strengthen water-saving work in key industries such as thermal power generation, chemical industry, paper making, metallurgy, textile, building materials and food. Secondly, the agricultural water-saving potential, the utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water in the province is only about 40%, while that in advanced countries reaches 70% ~ 80%; The area of water-saving irrigation projects in Guangdong accounts for less than 1/3 of the effective irrigation area, and the canal seepage prevention rate is low, especially in irrigation areas with advanced water-saving measures such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. Experts believe that there is also much to be done in this regard.
So what's the situation of water use in our home? We decided to make statistics through the tide table.
Statistics of water consumption in my home in the past month.
Week 742nd 618713 887 876 780 4115027 76438+08 438+04
Erzhou 783 820 796 731649 748 829 5356 768+04
Sanzhou695 742 685 832 849 624 824 5251750 6438+04
About 446 707 659 703 779 306 632 4232 604.57
The total is 2666 2887 2853 3153 3153 2458 269619866 2838.
The average is 666.5721.75713.25 788.25 788.25 614.5674 709.5709.5.
Unit: kg Monday? Tuesday? Wednesday? Thursday? Friday? Saturday? Sunday? Total average value
In short, in order to protect our homeland, we must save water and make our life better!
Second, the investigation and analysis of the current situation of water use
(a), domestic
province
Under the grim situation that many water resources indicators "income" are decreasing, one expenditure indicator shows an increasing trend, that is, the total water supply and water consumption in the whole year is 46.25 billion cubic meters, an increase of 365.438+0 billion cubic meters over the previous year. Most notably, in 2007, the comprehensive water consumption per capita in the province was 493 cubic meters, which was higher than the national average of 438 cubic meters in 2007. Among them, Guangzhou ranks first in the province's water market. In 2007, the city's total water consumption was 80 1 100 million cubic meters, accounting for 17.3% of the province's total water consumption. Last year, Guangzhou's per capita comprehensive water consumption was as high as 809 cubic meters, which is the leading "big shower" in China.
"Water shortage" has approached Guangzhou.
Guangzhou is located in Lingnan, with abundant rain and numerous rivers. People in Guangzhou have never really faced the state of absolute water shortage. "Water shortage approaching Guangzhou" sounds alarmist, but it is an indisputable fact that Guangzhou is short of water.
According to the latest data, of the 2 1 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province last year, only Zhaoqing, Heyuan, Yunfu and Shanwei reached the annual monitoring target of drinking water quality, and Guangzhou was not among them. To this end, a vice governor of Guangdong Province solemnly pointed out: If effective protection measures are not taken, Guangzhou will have no water to drink. At that time, people in Guangzhou may have to watch the Pearl River flow through their homes, and watch the Xijiang River and Beijiang River run around Guangzhou, making Wangjiang sigh.
"Prescription" means saving water.
Faced with the increasingly serious urban water shortage, experts have prescribed many "emergency prescriptions": scientific and reasonable water saving is the only way to alleviate the "water shortage". Experts pointed out that it is necessary to do a good job in saving urban domestic water and promote water-saving toilets and showers; Improve the construction of urban water delivery and water supply pipe network to realize fixed demand and water measurement; At the same time, it is necessary to establish a reasonable water price system. Only when the sense of hardship permeates everyone's mind can the "blood" of our city have hope.
domestic
In recent years, most of us have realized the shortage of water resources, and we are facing a serious water crisis. China is one of the countries with 12 water shortage in the world, and its per capita water resources are less than 1/4 of the world's per capita water resources, ranking1/kloc-0 in the world. Moreover, the distribution of water sources is very uneven, and more than half of the more than 600 cities in China are short of water. With the development of industry and agriculture, the demand for water has soared. The uncontrolled use of water resources has caused serious economic losses to the country. According to statistics, at present, China's water shortage has caused agricultural production reduction of about hundreds of billions of Jin and industrial losses of about hundreds of billions of yuan.
(2) Water consumption in foreign countries
We have a preliminary understanding of the water consumption of China people, but what about foreigners? Let's find out. It is reported that: "Foreign water consumption is in a slow stage, while China is in a flowing state, which makes people feel that China is rich in water resources, but in fact, China has little water resources. There is little fresh water in China, and the available fresh water is almost squandered by China people. In order to save water, foreigners turn to toilet water saving and ecological water saving. How can China people consider this? "
Do foreigners have any good ideas for saving water? Let's have another look.
United States: Low water price still saves water (people value it)
The United States is rich in water resources and the water fee is very cheap, but in terms of water saving, Americans are even meticulous. When you walk into the bath, you will see such a warning: "If it is not particularly dirty, can you wipe your body with a towel instead of turning on the tap?" In terms of water conservation, Americans especially like to meddle. If a water pipe leaks, someone will call the relevant department to report it immediately.
Britain: the government teaches people to calculate water accounts (the government attaches importance to it)
The British Environment Agency has calculated several accounts for each housewife, and the water consumption of washing machines is about 14% of the total water consumption. The water consumption of kitchen dishwashers and sinks accounts for about 7.7% of the total water consumption, and so on. At the same time, the British Environment Agency pointed out that as long as people change their living habits, they can save a lot of water resources. For example, if adults in England and Wales tighten the tap when brushing their teeth, they can save 6.5438+0.8 million tons of water every day, which is enough to supply water to 500,000 households. The website of the British Environment Agency provides various water-saving methods for families, from tap water to urinals, from bathrooms to pipes. In order to call on the public to save water, the British government also worked out a "water account" with the public. In addition, the British government has also begun to promote environmentally friendly residential areas that help save water, and has a unique way to save water. Japan: Water-saving measures go hand in hand? In order to solve the serious water shortage problem, the Japanese government has taken many effective measures. The first is to prevent loopholes and save water. Since the 1980s, Japan has strongly advocated the use of "miscellaneous water" (sewage reclaimed water and rainwater) to flush toilets, cool down, wash cars, sprinkle water on streets and water trees. In major cities in Japan, many families have wastewater treatment and purification tanks. This domestic sewage treatment and purification pool can treat and purify toilet sewage and other domestic sewage together, and the purification capacity is almost the same as that of sewage terminal treatment facilities. In addition, saving and utilizing rainwater is another effective saving policy actively pursued by Japanese governments at all levels in recent years. Israel: Saving Water to Create Miracles? Israel is a country that is seriously short of water. Israel's water-saving technology is a must, and its water-saving equipment has been exported to many countries. There are two buttons on the toilet in Israel, one is small, the other is big, which is used for flushing after defecation, and the flushing volume is half different. Micro-irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation have been popularized from north to south in Israel. Water-saving irrigation technology is also a world leader.
This is a good way for us to learn from each other. Let's learn from these good examples of water saving! Three, the investigation and analysis of common wastewater situation
1, due to the backward management level and low economic strength, advanced water conservancy technology, equipment, technology and management methods can be adopted instead. For example, farmers in many parts of our country still hold the old idea of flooding and filling the whole field with water when watering the land. In some places, it takes 1 ton of water to produce one kilogram of rice. In addition, China's production technology is backward, industrial production water demand is huge, water reuse rate is low, and water consumption is large.
2. The maintenance and replacement of water-saving equipment and facilities are not timely, resulting in waste of water resources. For example, due to years of disrepair, urban water supply pipelines leak water during water delivery; Due to negligence, the manager forgot to turn off the tap; The household faucet is not closed tightly, causing water leakage, and so on.
3. Waste is caused by not using water-saving facilities or water-saving devices. Some people are reluctant to replace water-saving appliances, but in fact, the extra water fee is enough to buy water-saving appliances. Nowadays, there are more and more kinds of water-saving appliances. Take the toilet as an example. Compared with water-saving toilets, old toilets waste 4-5 kilograms of water at a time and 3-25 tons of water a month. If there are 200,000 toilets, 500 million tons of water will be lost a year.
4. The water-saving system is not perfect, the management level is low, and the implementation is weak. Some water users have exploited the loopholes in the system, resulting in the waste of water resources.
People's weak consciousness of saving water is the most fundamental reason for wasting water. If each of us pays a little attention, we can save at least 1 kg of water every day.
It is not surprising that water is wasted in the family. Some people like to turn on the tap and wash it for a long time when using water, which wastes a lot of water. It is also common for some people to waste water when they store it. But humans can't realize how many precious lives they call "liking the new and hating the old" will cost the earth.
7. In schools, wasting water is more common. Usually, some students always forget to turn off the tap after using water; When you take a shower, you wash crazily for a moment's pleasure. My negligence not only brought inconvenience to others, but also brought consequences to me. During the shower peak period, water supply often stops. But that's all. Why is this happening? After investigation, our school uses a lot of water and wastes a lot. Boys' dormitories are often short of water, which may have serious consequences in the long run.
8. In agriculture, water resources are also seriously wasted. According to the data, 2004 was the worst drought in 26 years, and it was difficult to have a rain. By the first half of February this year, the drought-affected area of crops in the province was as high as 271870,000 mu, accounting for 43.34% of the cultivated land area. 29 16000 people and 1 12800 large livestock have difficulty drinking water. However, in most areas, water conservancy is still arbitrarily opened and irrationally irrigated.
Faced with this situation, do humans have the heart to treat the liquid of life like this? Have the heart to let this beautiful water polo dry up? Are you willing to turn a blind eye like this? Therefore, let's look for water-saving strategies together.
Four. Measures and suggestions
(1) water-saving methods and measures
① Bathroom water
1. Shower can save at least 50% water consumption, about 50 liters, compared with bath.
2. Using low-flow shower heads, such as installing "water saver" on shower heads, can not only save 50% of water consumption, but also save energy consumption of water heaters.
Don't pour out the water after taking a bath, but use it to flush the toilet, wash clothes, water flowers, etc.
4. When adding water, prevent water from overflowing or losing.
5. Water-saving device of faucet can be installed.
6. Develop the good habit of turning off the faucet at any time without using water, and check whether the faucet is completely turned off before going to bed or when leaving home.
②. Sanitary water
1. Bottles of appropriate size can be placed in the toilet box to reduce water consumption.
2. Adjust the height of the floating ball to control the water output.
3. Flush the toilet with other stored water.
4. Install a water-saving toilet, or add two-stage flushing accessories to the existing ordinary toilet.
Please repair the toilet and water tank as soon as possible.
6. Don't throw paper towels and other items into the toilet to increase water consumption.
③ Laundry water
1. Control the amount of clothes and avoid too many or too few washing machines.
2. When cleaning for the first time, water is only removed once before cleaning, which can save water and cleaning time.
3. Choose the appropriate laundry time according to the type of clothes.
④ Reuse of water
1. Don't flush the faucet directly when washing dishes, vegetables and clothes. Instead, put an appropriate amount of water in the basin to reduce water consumption.
2. The water for washing rice and cooking noodles can be used for washing dishes and chopsticks.
3. Vegetable washing water, laundry water, dish washing water and bath water can be used for watering flowers, washing cars and scrubbing floors.
4. The water collected by dehumidifier and the wastewater from water purification equipment such as water purifier and distilled water machine can be recycled.
(5) Others
1. Put rainwater in a container for flushing toilets or watering flowers.
Watering flowers in the morning can reduce evaporation and save water.
3. Choose suitable plants to plant, reduce irrigation and grow normally.
4. Plant drought-tolerant plants that don't need frequent watering.
The food to be thawed can be taken out of the refrigerator as soon as possible, or thawed in the microwave oven to reduce the water consumption.
(2) Comparison between water saving and water wasting.
Waste of brushing teeth: drain water continuously for 30 seconds, and use about 6 liters of water. Water saving: cups are connected with water, 3 cups use 0.6 liters of water. A family of three can save 486 liters of water twice a day. Laundry waste: the washing machine continuously washes and drains water while filling water, which requires about 165 liter of water each time. Water saving: the washing machine adopts the washing-dehydration-water injection-dehydration-water injection-dehydration mode, and the water consumption is 1 10 liter each time, which can save 55 liters and 220 liters each time. In addition, centralized laundry can reduce the number of laundry; Hand washing is advocated for small pieces and a small amount of clothes, which can save a lot of water; Too much detergent will waste a lot of water. Bathing waste: a long uninterrupted water shower will waste a lot of water. Too much bath water, or even overflow, or open the water plug and inject water at the same time, the waste will be amazing. Water saving: intermittent water shower (such as pedaling, induction, etc.). ). Turn off the water in time when scrubbing. Avoid taking a long shower. The water after bathing can be used for washing clothes, washing cars, flushing toilets and mopping floors. Kitchen waste: the tap was turned on and washed for a long time. Boiling water for too long, a lot of water vapor evaporates. Rinse vegetables and fruits with tap water. Water saving: oil stains on cookware and tableware can be wiped off with paper before washing, which can save water. Control the flow of the faucet, and change the uninterrupted flushing into intermittent flushing. Waste of car washing: rinse with water pipe for 20 minutes and use about 240 liters of water. Water saving: 3 barrels of water are needed for car washing, and the water consumption is about 30 liters. Wash the car with car wash water and car wash water. Rinse with a water-saving spray gun. Use mechanical automatic car washing, car washing water treatment recycling.
(3) Suggestions on water saving
In order to promote water saving, we summarized 36 water saving suggestions-
Suggestion 1: Old-fashioned residential toilets should be changed into water-saving toilets, and the upward vertical toilets should generally be changed into tilting plates, and the water volume should be controlled below 9 liters; Suggestion 2: Water for greening, car washing and land washing should be washed with water-saving water spray gun; Suggestion 3: shorten the flushing time of urinal automatic flusher; Recommendation 4: install low-flow shower heads, faucet aerators, or install slow-flow faucet gasifiers; Suggestion 5: Replace the fully rotating faucet with 1/4 rotating faucet to shorten the opening and closing time of faucet and reduce water loss; Suggestion 6: Turn off the faucet at hand to prevent water from flowing away when not in use, and install a spring water stop valve or an automatic sensor that can automatically turn off the faucet; Recommendation 7: Regularly check whether toilets, water towers, pools, faucets or other water pipe joints, as well as walls or underground pipes are leaking; Suggestion 8: change the bathtub into a shower, use a low-flow shower head to avoid taking a long shower; Recommendation 9: Don't wash dishes, vegetables and clothes directly at the faucet, but put a proper amount of water in the basin to reduce losses; Recommendation 10: Washing dishes and chopsticks with rice washing water and boiled noodles can save domestic water and reduce detergent pollution; Suggestion 1 1: water the flowers and wash the car with washing water such as vegetable washing water, laundry water, dish washing water and bath water; Suggestion 12: recycle the water collected by dehumidifier and the wastewater from water purification equipment such as water purifier and distilled water machine; Suggestion 13: the watering time of plants should be chosen in the morning and evening when the sunshine is weak and the evaporation is low; Suggestion 14: courtyard greening should choose drought-tolerant plants and plant them in different regions according to the water demand of plants to adjust the irrigation water consumption in different regions; Suggestion 15: the spraying range of automatic sprinkler system should not exceed the courtyard, and the edge of the courtyard should be sprayed inward with "local ring nozzle"; Suggestion 16: water according to the weather, turn off the automatic sprinkler in rainy days, and do not water in strong winds; Suggestion 17: flowers and plants can survive as long as they are given enough water. Micro-irrigation is the most effective method used in gardens. The method is to water a single plant with a dropper or flowerpot, or to water the whole garden with a low-flow sprinkler. Suggestion: 18: When mowing the lawn, grass seeds with a height of 10 ~ 15mm should be reserved to reduce water evaporation and watering; Suggestion 19: Garden soil should be improved by adding moist media or water-retaining polymers, such as vermiculite, snake sawdust, rice, sawdust and peat soil. Improve the water permeability and water storage capacity of soil; Recommendation 20: The garden should be covered with grass residue, bark, sawdust and gravel to reduce soil moisture evaporation and soil erosion; Recommendation 2 1: In winter, water should be used only when there is continuous high temperature and drought (in spring and autumn, most plants only need half of the water in summer); Recommendation 22: control the appropriate amount of laundry to avoid too much or too little laundry in washing machines and dishwashers; Recommendation 23: advocating hand washing of small clothes can save a lot of water; Recommendation 24: Choose a washing machine with automatic water regulation, and dehydrate once before washing, which can save water and cleaning time; Recommendation 25: When many people take a bath, don't interrupt one connection after another, which can save the loss of cold water before the hot water flows out while waiting; Recommendation 26: use rainwater storage equipment on the roof to collect rainwater as an alternative water source for watering flowers, washing cars and flushing toilets; Recommendation 27: Institutions, schools, factories, etc. The reclaimed water system can be planned to treat domestic sewage to a certain water quality standard, and it can be used as a water resource reuse system for watering flower beds, sprinkling water on playgrounds, flushing toilets, washing cars and fire fighting. Recommendation 28: throw paper towels into the trash can, not the toilet; Recommendation 29: Drop a few drops of food coloring into the water tank and wait for 20 minutes (make sure no one goes to the toilet during this time). If colored water flows into the toilet, it means that the water tank leaks; Recommendation 30: Water pipe leakage is a serious waste of water resources. If the water pipe buried on the road leaks, please call the water supply company immediately to repair it; Recommendation 3 1: the overflow of swimming pool should be recovered, filtered and reused, or used as sprinkler for sports ground; Recommendation 32: Wash the car with a hose with a plug or scrub it with a bucket and sponge cloth. Wash the car once a month to reduce water consumption; Recommendation 33: Turn off all faucets to ensure that there is no water and the water meter is still moving during this time, indicating that the indoor or underground water pipes are leaking; If the faucet is still dripping after being turned off, change the rubber pad quickly; Recommendation 34: Don't thaw food with water, thaw it with microwave oven or take food out of the freezer as soon as possible and put it in the freezer; Recommendation 35: carpet cleaning method should be changed from wet or steam to dry powder; Recommendation 36: The correct steps of washing hands are: turn on the running water to wipe your hands → turn off the tap → apply soap → rub your hands → turn on the running water to rinse → turn off the tap.
Only by saving water can our life be better. Moreover, saving water is not just talk, but practical action. We should learn from the cities and people who save water and protect water resources.
Attachment: (1) water-saving awareness questionnaire
You know that only 1% of the water in the world is fresh water, and the rest is inedible. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A, I know B, I don't know C, I heard that you know March 22nd is World Water Saving Day? _ _ _ _ _ _ A, you know? B.i don't know? C, I heard that you know there are water-saving laws and regulations? _ _ _ _ _ _ A, is it clear? B, know a little? C, fuzzy? D I haven't heard of it. How to treat the propaganda work of relevant departments in water saving? _ _ _ _ _ _ A, is that enough? B, general? C, not enough? Don't you think your place is short of water? _ _ _ _ _ _ A, right? B, no? C. do you think saving water is closely related to individuals? _ _ _ _ _ _ A, right? B haven't you thought about it? C, when the tap water has odor, turbidity and other phenomena, you will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C, there is no need to see that the faucet is not turned off in public places. What kind of behavior will you take? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a, turn off the tap? B, uncomfortable? C. If you have a water-saving organization around you, would you consider joining it? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a, positive response? B, don't join? C.it doesn't matter
(If you choose A above, you will get 3 points, B2 points, and C and D will get 0 points. )
If you get 25 to 30, it proves that you have a strong awareness of water conservation; 15 to 24 prove that you also know the importance of saving water, but you need to take action; 15 or less, with a little knowledge of water saving, which needs to be improved.
(B) small survey of living habits
What are the main measures you know to save water in cities? (multiple choices are allowed) _ _ _ _ _ _ a, improve the efficiency of industrial water use? B, use water-saving appliances? C, strictly control drilling? D, promote the creation of a "water-saving city"? E, improve the national awareness of water conservation? F, reduce the leakage of pipe network? G, the implementation of graded water prices, punish waste? H, sewage recycling Which of the following water-saving equipment is installed in your home? (Multiple selections are allowed) _ _ _ _ _ _ a, water-saving faucet? B, water-saving toilet? C. IC card water meter D, none of the above is installed? F. What other factors do you think are the most critical when choosing water-saving products? (multiple choices are allowed) _ _ _ _ _ _ a, environmental awareness? B, the price? C, quality? D. brand? E, after-sales service f, others
What methods do you think can effectively improve the awareness of water conservation in society? (multiple choices are allowed) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A. Strengthen public water-saving education? B. Managing water according to law and establishing national or regional water management institutions? C. limit water consumption? D. punish individual units that waste water resources? E. economic incentives? F, water resources integration planning? G. Legislation h, others
Do people around you save water? _ _ _ _ _ _ A, right? B, no? C, I wonder if you are in favor of raising water prices to save water? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A, I quite agree? Do you agree? C, whatever? Disapproving of water-saving measures taken by relevant departments. What do you think is not enough? _ _ _ _ _ _ a, publicity? B. management? C. regulations? D. technology
Saving water is everyone's responsibility. I believe that as long as all of us always remember to save water, we will certainly create a better life!