Milling machine is a machine tool for milling workpieces with milling cutter. Milling machines can not only mill planes, grooves, gear teeth, threads and spline shafts, but also process more complex contours, with higher efficiency than planers, and are widely used in machinery manufacturing and repair departments. The first milling machine to edit this paragraph is the horizontal milling machine created by Whitney in the United States in 18 18; In order to mill the spiral groove of twist drill, American Brown made the first universal milling machine in 1862, which is the prototype of the lifting table milling machine. 1884 or so, the gantry milling machine reappeared; In the 1920s, a semi-automatic milling machine appeared, and the workbench can be automatically switched between "feed-speed" or "speed-feed" by using a stop.
After 1950, the control system of milling machine developed rapidly, and the application of digital control greatly improved the automation degree of milling machine. Especially after 1970s, microprocessor digital control system and automatic tool changing system were applied to milling machines, which expanded the machining range of milling machines and improved the machining accuracy and efficiency. Category 1. According to its structure:
(1) Desktop milling machine: a small milling machine used for milling small parts such as instruments and meters.
(2) Cantilever milling machine: the milling head is installed on the cantilever, and the bed is horizontally arranged. The cantilever can usually move vertically along the column guide rail on one side of the lathe bed, and the milling head moves along the cantilever guide rail.
(3) Ram milling machine: the spindle is mounted on the ram, and the bed is arranged horizontally. The ram can move horizontally along the ram guide rail and vertically along the column guide rail.
(4) Gantry milling machine: The lathe bed is horizontally arranged, and the columns and connecting beams on both sides of the lathe bed form a gantry milling machine. The milling head is installed on the beam and column and can move along its guide rail. Usually, the beam can move vertically along the column guide rail, and the workbench can move longitudinally along the bed guide rail. Used for large-scale processing.
(5) Plane milling machine: a milling machine used for milling plane and molding surface. The bed is arranged horizontally, and the workbench usually moves longitudinally along the bed guide rail. primary
The shaft can move axially. It has simple structure and high production efficiency.
(6) Copying milling machine: a milling machine for copying workpieces. Generally used for machining workpieces with complex shapes.
(7) Lifting table milling machine: a milling machine with lifting table that can move vertically along the guide rail of the lathe bed. Usually, the workbench and saddle installed on the lifting platform can move vertically and horizontally respectively.
(8) Rocker milling machine: The rocker arm is installed at the top of the lathe bed, and the milling head is installed at one end of the rocker arm, which can rotate and move in the horizontal plane, and the milling head can rotate at a certain angle on the end face of the rocker arm.
(9) Machine-bed milling machine: The workbench cannot be lifted, but it can move longitudinally along the guide rail of the machine bed, and the milling head or column can move vertically.
(10) special milling machine: for example, tool milling machine: a milling machine used for milling tool molds, with high machining accuracy and complex machining shapes.
2. According to the layout and scope of application, there are mainly lifting table milling machines, gantry milling machines, single-column milling machines and single-arm milling machines, instrument milling machines and tool milling machines.
There are universal, horizontal and vertical lifting table milling machines, which are mainly used to process small and medium-sized parts and are widely used. Gantry milling machines include gantry milling and boring machines, gantry milling and planing machines and double-column milling machines, all of which are used to process large parts. The horizontal milling head of single-column milling machine can move along the column guide rail, and the workbench can feed longitudinally; The vertical milling head of a single-arm milling machine can move horizontally along the cantilever guide rail, and the cantilever can also adjust its height along the column guide rail. Single-column milling machine and single-arm milling machine are both used to process large parts.
Instrument milling machine is a small lifting table milling machine, which is used to process small parts such as instruments. Tool milling machine is mainly used for mold and tool manufacturing, equipped with vertical milling head, universal angle worktable and plugging head, and can also be used for drilling, boring and slotting. Other milling machines include keyway milling machine, cam milling machine, crankshaft milling machine, roller journal milling machine and square ingot milling machine, all of which are special milling machines for processing corresponding workpieces.
3. According to the control mode, milling machines can be divided into copying milling machines, program-controlled milling machines and CNC milling machines. The inspection standards for editing this paragraph mainly include: GB6477.9-86 Terminology of Metal Cutting Machine Tool Milling Machine, ZBJ540 17-89 and JB/T5599-9 1 Parameters and Series Spectrum of Lifting Table Milling Machine, GB3933-83 Accuracy of Lifting Table Milling Machine and JB/T 20. ZB540 14-88 CNC vertical lifting table milling machine accuracy, ZB540 15-90 CNC vertical lifting table milling machine technical conditions, J B3696-84 rocker arm milling machine accuracy, JB/T3697-96 rocker arm milling machine technical conditions, JB/T2873-9/KLOC-0. General tool milling machine parameters and series spectrum, JB/T3697ZB J540 10-88 CNC machine tool bed milling machine accuracy, JB/T3027-93 gantry milling machine parameters, JB/T3028-93 gantry milling machine accuracy, JB/T3029-93 gantry milling machine technical conditions, JB33/KLOC-0. Accuracy of JB33 12-83 plane milling machine, technical conditions of JB/T33 13-94 plane milling machine, parameters of ZBJ540 13-88 engraving milling machine and parameters of JB/GQ 1059-85 three-dimensional copying milling machine. JB/GQ 106 1-85 Technical Specifications for Stereo Copying Milling Machine, ZBJ54007-88 Accuracy of Vertical Stereo Copying Milling Machine, JB/T74 14-94 Technical Specifications for Vertical Stereo Capping Milling Machine and so on. Inspection items The relevant standard inspection items are basically the same as those of other metal cutting machines. Special standards include accuracy and performance, which can be roughly summarized as: the accuracy of the hole (or spindle) where the installation tool is located, the accuracy of the tool rest, ram (or rocker arm) workbench, the mutual position accuracy of the installation tool and workbench, and the machining accuracy of the specified workpiece. Inspection must also refer to JB2670-82 General Rules for Inspection of Metal Cutting Machine Tools, and the exported products shall not be lower than the first-class products. Maintenance skills of milling machine:
Example of milling machine to ensure working range
1. Cleaning of machine tools and parts, iron filings and surrounding environment;
2, check the oil level, shall not be lower than the oil standard, each filling lubricating oil;
3. Cleaning agents, clamps and measuring tools.
Weekend maintenance range of milling machine
First of all, clean
1, remove the sundries in each part;
2. Wipe the workbench, the guide surface of the lathe bed, each screw rod, each surface and dead angle of the machine tool, each operating handle and handwheel;
3. Dismantle and clean the felt to remove iron impurities.
Second, lubrication.
1, and the lubricating parts such as nozzles, guide surfaces and screws are filled with lubricating oil;
2. Check the oil level of the spindle gear box and the feed gear box, and add oil to the elevation position.
Third, tighten
1, check and tighten the screws of the pressure plate of the workbench, check and tighten the screws of the operating handle, cover and secure them;
2. Check and tighten the loose screws of other parts.
Fourth, adjustment.
1. Check and adjust the tightness of clutch, screw, insert and pressure plate to be appropriate;
2. Check other adjusting parts.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) protects against corrosion.
1, remove rust on all parts, protect paint surface and avoid collision;
2, stop using, spare equipment guide surface, sliding surface and handwheel handle parts and other exposed rust parts should be oiled.
Ensure the working range of the milling machine.
1. Clean and adjust the workbench, screw handle and column plug-in;
2. Check and adjust the clutch;
3. Clean the three-way guide rail and linoleum, and clean the internal and external parts and accessories of the motor and machine tool;
4, check the oil circuit, filling the ministries of lubricating oil;
5. Tighten the screws.
Scope of Work for Second Warranty of Milling Machine
1, spindle box, workbench, gearbox cleaning, oil change;
2. Check and clean the oil pump and tubing, and check and adjust the clearance between the workbench, the inclined iron and the nut;
3, clean the clutch plate, clean the cooling box and replace the coolant, clean the motor and electrical appliances.
Example of milling machine to ensure working range
1. Cleaning of machine bed and parts, cleaning of iron filings and surrounding environment, cleaners, fixtures and measuring tools;
2, check the oil level, shall not be lower than the oil standard below, each filling lubricating oil.
Weekend maintenance range of milling machine
First of all, clean
1. Remove and clean the linoleum mats of all departments;
2. Wipe the sliding surface and guide rail surface, wipe the workbench, horizontal and lifting screw rods, and wipe the feed transmission mechanism and tool rest;
3. Wipe every corner.
Second, lubrication.
1, the oil hole is clean and smooth and filled with lubricating oil;
2. Add lubricating oil to each guide surface, sliding surface and each screw;
3, check the gearbox oil tank, oil level, and refueling to the elevation position.
Third, tighten
1, check and tighten the pressure plate and insert screw;
2. Check and tighten the slide block fixing screw, feed transmission mechanism, handwheel, workbench support screw and fork top screw;
3. Check and tighten other loose screws.
Fourth, adjustment.
1, check and adjust the belt, pressure plate and insertion tightness;
2, check and adjust the slider and screw.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) protects against corrosion.
1, remove rust on all parts, protect paint surface and avoid collision;
2, stop using, spare equipment guide rail surface, sliding screw handwheel and other exposed parts that are easy to rust are oiled for corrosion protection.