Difference between machining center operating system

The main explanation of the function of each key on the machining center operating panel, so that students master the adjustment of the machining center and the preparation work before machining as well as program input and modification methods. Finally, a specific part as an example, explains the basic operation process of machining center machining parts, so that students have a clear understanding of the operation of the machining center.　Project 1 operation panel and its functional application The operation panel of the machining center consists of two parts: the machine control panel and the CNC system operation panel, which are introduced below.　　First, the machine tool operating panel is mainly composed of the operation mode switch, spindle speed multiplier adjustment switch, feed rate multiplier adjustment switch, rapid traverse multiplier switch, and spindle load table, a variety of indicators, various auxiliary function option switch and handwheel and so on. Different machine tool operating panel, the position of the switch structure is different, but the function and operation method is similar, see the CNC milling machine operation project related content.　　Second, the numerical control system operation panel consists of CRT display and operation keyboard, the panel function key introduction can be seen in the CNC lathe operation project related content.　　Project 2 start-up and return to the origin A, start-up 1, first close the machine tool power switch; 2, open the regulator, gas source and other auxiliary equipment power switch; 3, open the machining center control cabinet power; 4, the emergency stop button right pop-up, open the operating panel power until the machine tool is not ready for the disappearance of the alarm, the start-up is complete.　　Second, the machine back to the origin after power on the first should be back to the origin of the machine, the mode selector switch to return to the origin, and then select the rapid traverse multiplier switch to the appropriate multiplier, select the axes in turn back to the origin.　　Precautions 1, before starting the machine, check the machine condition for any abnormality, whether the lubricant is enough, such as everything is normal, before starting the machine; 2, before returning to the origin, make sure that the axes do not interfere with the fixture or workpiece on the table; 3, when returning to the origin, pay attention to the sequential order of the axes.　　Project three workpiece installation according to different workpieces to choose different fixtures, selection of fixture principles: 1, reliable positioning; 2, clamping force should be sufficient.　　Before installing the fixture, be sure to clean the table and fixture. Fixture mounted on the workbench, the fixture should first through the gauge to find the correct leveling, and then use the screws or pressure plate to press the fixture on the workbench. When mounting the workpiece, the workpiece should also be leveled by the gauge.　　Project four tool loading tool magazine I. Tool selection The tool selection of machining centers and CNC milling machines are basically similar, and will not be repeated here.　　Second, the method of loading tools into the tool magazine and operation When the processing requires more tools, all the tools should be placed in the tool magazine before processing according to the process design, and set the tool number for each tool, and then called by the program. Specific steps are as follows: 1, the tool to be used in the toolholder clamped, and adjusted to the exact size; 2, according to the design of the process and the program will be the tool and the tool number corresponds to each other; 3, the spindle back to the zero point of the Z-axis; 4, manually enter and execute the "T01 M06"; 5, manually loaded into the spindle tool No. 1, the tool on the spindle that is the tool No. 1; 6, manually loaded into the tool library, the tool that is the tool No. 1; 6, the tool that is the program. 6, manually input and execute "T02 M06"; 7, manually load the No. 2 tool into the spindle, the tool on the spindle at this time that is the No. 2 tool; 8, other tools in accordance with the above steps into the magazine.　　Third, the precautions will be loaded into the tool magazine should pay attention to the following issues: 1, loaded into the tool magazine tool must be one-to-one correspondence with the tool number in the program, otherwise it will damage the machine tool and machining parts; 2, only the spindle back to the zero point of the machine tool can be loaded into the tool magazine spindle tool, or tool magazine in the tool tuning in the spindle; 3, the exchange of tools, the tool can not be the spindle tool and tool magazine in the tool number of duplicate number. For example, the spindle has been " 1" number of tools, you can not adjust the " 1" number of tools from the tool magazine.　　Project 5 Tool setting and tool compensation I. Tool setting The method and specific operation of tool setting is the same as that of CNC milling machine.　　Second, the tool length compensation set up a lot of tools used on the machining center, the length of each tool and the distance to the zero point of the Z-coordinate are not the same, the difference between these distances is the length of the tool to compensate for the value of the tool length in the processing should be set up separately, and recorded in the tool schedule for the use of machine tool operators. Generally there are two methods: 1, in-machine setup This method does not need to measure the length of each tool in advance, but all the tools into the tool magazine, using the Z direction setter to determine the position of each tool in the machine coordinate system in turn, the specific setup method is divided into two kinds.　　(1) The first method will be one of the tools as a standard tool to find out the difference between the other tools and the standard tool, as the length compensation value. Specific operating steps are as follows: ① all tools into the tool magazine, the use of Z direction setter to determine the distance of each tool to the zero point of the workpiece coordinate system Z, as shown in Figure 5-2 A, B, C, and recorded; ② choose one of the longest (or shortest), and the minimum distance from the workpiece (or the largest) of the tool as a reference tool, such as Figure 5-2 in the T03 (or T01), the value of the tool C (or A) as the Z of the workpiece coordinate system, the tool will be the value of the workpiece. As the Z value of the workpiece coordinate system, at this time H03 = 0; ③ Determine the length compensation value of other tools relative to the reference tool, that is, H01 = ± │ C-A │, H02 = ± │ C-B │, plus or minus sign by the program G43 or G44 to determine.　　④ Input the obtained tool length compensation value corresponding to the tool and tool number into the machine tool.　(2) The second method Set the Z value of the workpiece coordinate system to 0, call out each tool in the tool magazine, determine the distance from each tool to the Z zero point of the workpiece coordinate system through the Z direction setter, and input the distance value from each tool to the zero point of the workpiece directly into the corresponding length compensation value code. The plus or minus sign is determined by G43 or G44 in the program.　　2, off-machine tool pre-setting combined with on-machine tool setting This method is to first use the tool pre-setting instrument outside the machine tool to accurately measure the axial and radial dimensions of each tool clamped in the toolholder to determine the length of each tool compensation value, and then on the machine tool with the longest or shortest tool for the Z direction of the tool, to determine the workpiece coordinate system. This method of tool setting accuracy and high efficiency, easy to prepare process documents and production organization.　　III. Tool Radius Compensation Setting Enter the setting page of tool compensation value, move the cursor to the position of input value, key in the tool radius compensation value according to the tool specified in the programming, and press INPUT key to complete the setting of tool radius compensation value. Item 6 Program Input and Debugging I. Program Input There are various forms of program input. The machining program can be input into the machine tool through the manual data input mode (MDI) or communication interface, and online machining can also be implemented.　　Second, the program debugging Due to the machining center processing parts are more, the use of more tools. In order to facilitate the debugging of the machining program, generally according to the arrangement of the machining process, for each tool will be the machining of each part of the machining content compiled as a subroutine, and the main program mainly contains tool change commands and subroutine call commands.　　Program debugging can use the program preview function of the machine tool or run the program by lifting the tool, each subroutine in turn for individual debugging. In the process of program debugging, the feed multiplier switch can be adjusted according to the actual situation.　　Project 7 Program Run Before the program is run formally, check whether the preparatory work before machining is completely ready. After confirming that there is no error, select the automatic machining mode, press the CNC start button to run the program, automatic machining of the workpiece.　　In the automatic running program processing, if a dangerous situation occurs, you should quickly press the emergency stop switch or reset key to terminate the running program.　　Project eight parts testing will be processed parts unloaded from the machine tool, according to the parts of different dimensional accuracy, roughness, positional requirements of the selection of different testing tools for testing.　　Project 9 shutdown After the completion of parts processing, clean up the scene, and then turn off the power in the reverse order with the start-up.　　Examples of parts processing I. Processing requirements processing parts shown in Figure 5-3. Parts material for LY12, single-piece production. The part blank has been machined to size.　　Selected equipment: V-80 machining center Second, the preparatory work before processing to complete the relevant preparatory work, including process analysis and process route design, selection of tools and fixtures, programming, etc. Third, the operation steps and content 1.　　Steps and contents of the operation 1, start the machine, each axis manually back to the origin of the machine 2, tool preparation According to the machining requirements to choose Φ20 end milling cutter, Φ5 center drill, Φ8 twist drill each one, and then use the spring collet toolholder to clamp the Φ20 end milling cutter, the tool number is set to T01, the drill collet toolholder to clamp the Φ5 center drill, Φ8 twist drill, the tool number is set to T02, T03, the tool will be installed on the spring collet toolholder, the tool edge finder. The tool number is set to T04 when the edge finder is mounted on the collet shank.　　3, will have been clamped tool shank manually into the tool magazine, that is, 1) input "T01 M06", the implementation of the 2) manually T01 tool on the spindle 3) according to the above steps in turn will be T02, T03, T04 into the tool magazine 4, clean the workbench, installation of fixtures and workpiece will be cleaned up vise mounted on a clean workbench, through the percentage of the workpiece, the workpiece will be mounted on the workbench, and the tool will be put into the workbench. Clean the worktable, through the percentage table to find the right, leveling vise, and then the workpiece is being mounted on the vise.　　5、Set the tool, determine and input the parameters of workpiece coordinate system 1 ） Use the edge finder to set the tool, determine the zero deviation value of X, Y direction, input the zero deviation value of X, Y direction into the workpiece coordinate system G54, and input the zero deviation value of Z direction into the workpiece coordinate system G54; 2 ） Place the Z-axis setter on the top surface of the workpiece, and set up the tool No.1 from the tool magazine and install it on the main spindle, and then determine the zero deviation value of Z direction of the workpiece coordinate system with the tool and input the zero deviation value of Z direction into the corresponding length of the machine tool. The Z-direction zero deviation value is input to the corresponding length compensation code of the machine tool, and the "+" and "-" numbers are determined by G43 and G44 in the program, for example, if the length compensation instruction in the program is G43, input the Z-direction zero deviation value of "-" to the corresponding length compensation code of the machine tool. " Z zero deviation value to the corresponding length compensation code of the machine tool; 3) The same steps will be No. 2, No. 3 tool Z zero deviation value input to the corresponding length compensation code of the machine tool.　　Input the machining program. Transfer the computer-generated machining program to the memory of the numerical control system of the machine tool through the data line.　　7. Debugging the machining program Adopt the method of translating the workpiece coordinate system along the +Z direction, i.e., lifting the tool to run for debugging.　　(1) debugging the main program, check whether the three tools in accordance with the process design to complete the tool change action; (2) debugging and three tools corresponding to the three sub-programs, check whether the tool action and machining path is correct.　　8, automatic machining After confirming that the program is correct, restore the Z value of the workpiece coordinate system to its original value, switch the rapid traverse multiplier switch, cutting feed multiplier switch to a low gear, press the CNC start button to run the program and start machining. Observe the tool track and the remaining moving distance during the machining process.　　9、Take down the workpiece and test it Select vernier caliper to test the size and analyze the quality after testing.　　10、Clean up the processing site 11、Shut down