"Urban disease" is an imbalance and disorder phenomenon that is not coordinated with urban development due to the blind expansion of cities and construction that violates the laws of nature in the process of urbanization. It has caused a huge waste of resources. , the quality of life of residents decreases and the cost of economic development increases, which in turn leads to the loss of urban competitiveness and hinders the sustainable development of the city. Controlling "urban diseases" is an effective way to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development and build an environment-friendly, resource-saving society. It is an inevitable choice to achieve sustainable economic and social development. ?
1. The main manifestations and causes of “urban diseases”
1? Planning lags behind construction. Phenomenons such as "planning is subordinate to construction", "construction guidance plan", "one government changes to another plan", and "planning fails to keep up with changes" often occur. Therefore, the leading role and regulatory role of planning cannot be exerted. In some places, Urban construction is in a state of disorder. Reasons: First, the coverage rate of regulatory detailed regulations guiding urban construction and management is low and incompatible with urban development. Second, there is insufficient understanding of the role of urban planning and poor planning awareness. During the planning implementation process, administrative intervention in planning and artificial influence on planning often occur, thus dismembering the centralized and unified management power of urban planning and weakening the authority of planning. Third, most small and medium-sized cities have introduced a series of preferential policies in order to attract investment. Under the protection of preferential policies, investors are motivated by interests, disobey management, and do whatever they want. They do not report self-construction, build at will, build first and then handle, and build while doing so. The phenomenon of projects being completed and then not being implemented after construction often occurs, hindering the normal development of planning law enforcement work. Fourth, it is difficult to plan, enforce and investigate. Judging from the current situation in Suizhou City, there is great resistance to planning and enforcement. In particular, private housing construction is scattered and hidden, and the construction volume is small. Some of them have become established facts before it is too late to investigate and deal with them. In addition, the investigation and handling of illegal construction procedures are complicated and take a long time. Even if it is enforced through the court, it is difficult to enforce it. Execution is in place. ?
2. “Road zippers” can be seen everywhere, affecting the overall image of the city. my country's urban underground pipe network generally includes seven types of pipelines: water supply, sewage, rainwater, communications, power supply, heat supply, and gas supply. The economic conditions, time requirements, and pipeline technical standards of the units to which these pipelines belong are different, and they are restricted by urban development conditions. , cannot be planned and constructed at the same time, and the units to which the pipelines belong are digging and constructing roads in stages and sections according to their own needs, which makes urban roads often "disemboweled", which not only affects the overall image of the city, but also brings great inconvenience to citizens' lives. , and wasted a lot of money. ?
3? There are few urban green spaces, insufficient number of parks and squares, low standards, and poor ecological environment. Looking at the current status of greening in Suizhou City, the green coverage rate in the main urban area is only 38.93%, and the per capita public green space is 4.27 square meters, which is lower than the per capita public green space level in cities across the country (6.25 square meters). The urban ecological environment is relatively poor. It hinders the coordinated development of urban economy and society. The main reasons are: high population density, crowded buildings, narrow roads, and no spare space for green spaces in the old city. At the same time, due to insufficient understanding of the importance of the urban ecological environment, on the one hand, the government has no money to requisition the land for urban green spaces; on the other hand, in newly developed residential areas, developers blindly pursue profits and ignore greening (examination major (organized by a registered urban planner)) construction, the area of ??green space in the community is seriously insufficient. The small number and small area of ??parks in the main urban area is also one of the reasons for the insufficient green space. At present, there are no amusement parks in the main urban area, and citizens’ recreation and leisure space is limited; there is no greening reserved land in the old city, and it is impossible to add greenery. ?
4. The environment is seriously polluted and the residents’ production and living environment is poor. Air and water pollution indicators in small and medium-sized cities, especially inland cities, all exceed standards. The main reason is that the rapid development of urban industry, numerous construction sites, and the rapid increase of motor vehicles have made smoke, dust and exhaust gas the main factors of urban air pollution; the widespread use of synthetic detergents and imperfect urban infrastructure have caused domestic sewage to Together with industrial wastewater, it constitutes an important source of urban pollution. In addition, due to the constraints of urban economic development, it is unable to build sewage treatment facilities. ?
5?The city is expanding blindly and lacks characteristics. The key to a city’s image is its distinctiveness. Since the reform and opening up, especially in the past 10 years, many cities have become less and less unique. They are full of familiar streets, "European and American-style" communities, and cookie-cutter buildings. Tall buildings like matchboxes are densely packed. Like a "concrete forest".
The reason: City leaders are keen on immediate political achievements and pursue making the city bigger, newer and more foreign. They blindly renovate the old city with its cultural roots and unique features, although batches of low-rise and dilapidated houses have been demolished. , high-rise buildings have risen from the ground, large squares, wide roads, luxury office buildings, and European-style buildings have given the city a completely new look, but many of the city's original characteristics have rapidly disappeared. Some small and medium-sized cities do not formulate plans based on local humanities, history, geography, scenery and other realities. Instead, they are greedy for the big and seek the foreign, abandoning the near for the distant, and carry out large-scale, comprehensive and high-level planning. They do not combine their own economic strength, social development, ecological environment and other factors in planning. Small cities imitate big cities, and inland cities imitate coastal cities. One side of the city. ?
2. Measures to control “urban diseases” ?
1. Establish planning authority and give full play to the regulatory role of planning. First, increase investment to provide strong financial guarantee for accelerating planning preparation, ensure that the coverage rate of regulatory detailed planning in small and medium-sized cities increases to more than 80%, and better guide urban construction. Second, the government must take the lead in implementing the plan. Once the plan is formulated, no one may change it without authorization without going through legal procedures. It is truly a plan, a pen for approval, one person for management, and a game of chess; the planning law enforcement means should be strengthened. The government should actively support planning law enforcement and deal with the identified problems. All kinds of illegal and illegal buildings must be seriously investigated and punished using administrative, economic and legal means. Those that should be demolished must be demolished, those that should be punished must be punished, and those that should be exposed must be exposed without any tolerance. The third is to strictly follow urban planning technical specifications and legal requirements, scientifically and rationally adjust the planning, so that the plan meets the project requirements as much as possible and adapts to the urban economic and social development. The fourth is to strengthen the management of urban land resources. State-owned land is the source of urban planning and construction. Small and medium-sized cities must establish a government-monopolized state-owned land market mechanism, connect land use planning with urban overall planning, and control the problem of out-of-control planning and management from the source. ?
2. Make overall plans and plan, and build based on the long term. First of all, leaders at all levels must fully understand the dangers of short-sighted planning, form a common sense of "overall considerations and planning, and build on a long-term basis", and eliminate the phenomenon of fragmentation and fragmentation. Leaders in charge of urban construction should monitor investment, planning, construction, and management at all levels to ensure that various pipelines are planned, constructed, and buried at one time to prevent the occurrence of "road zippers." Secondly, when planning a road or a community, we must emphasize the forward-looking and foreseeable planning. All types of pipe networks must be reasonably and scientifically laid out, and construction must always be organized according to the principle of first underground and then above ground. Third, the government should legislate the planning, construction and management of underground pipelines, and management departments should strengthen management in accordance with the law. ?
3. Based on local reality, implement greening and greening projects. Small and medium-sized cities should scientifically and rationally formulate green space plans based on their respective humanities, geography, and history, increase green coverage, and improve the urban ecological outlook. ?
From the actual perspective of Suizhou City, the urban ecological environment should be improved through the following ways: First, we must make full use of the city’s existing natural resources such as mountains, forests, water bodies, topography, landforms, and plants, and rationally arrange the layout of green spaces. , forming a four-in-one urban landscaping system with complete functions, outstanding benefits, points, lines and surfaces, and highlighting the local style of landscaping. Second, we should integrate the large-area mountain forests in the Chengnan New District with urban greening, build a green ecological barrier, develop the Baiyun Park mountain field, and integrate the mountain forests and park attractions. Third, we must build broad protective forests and scenic forest belts along large and small rivers in the urban area, with water bodies as the backdrop. Fourth, we must transform Shennong Park, the central park in the old city, to increase the green area and realize the transformation of urban gardens from mere recreation and viewing to an ecosystem that not only improves the urban ecological environment but also integrates recreational and viewing functions. Fifth, we must strengthen greening supervision and management to ensure that urban green space is not encroached upon. ?
4? Strengthen pollution control and build an urban ecological economy. Strictly control pollution sources, reduce pollutant emissions, further adjust the urban industrial structure, shut down or relocate seriously polluting enterprises, vigorously control waste gas, waste water, and solid waste emissions; optimize the energy structure, actively promote liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas fuels; vigorously accelerate Construct pollution control facilities, enhance pollution control capabilities, focus on strengthening the construction of sewage treatment plants and garbage disposal sites, improve sewage and garbage treatment rates, and create a good living environment for urban residents; build an urban ecological economy with the help of advanced technology, so that the chemical industry can No pollutants will be produced at the source, achieving the goal of source control. ?
5. Pay attention to individual characteristics and scientifically position the city.
Urban planning should fully reflect the geographical, humanistic and ecological environment, fully consider the city's natural landscape, humanistic history and resource advantages, and based on the actual situation of the city, combine cultural characteristics and modern atmosphere, echo the natural landscape and humanistic landscape, and be forward-thinking. Nature, science, and guidance, accurately grasp the pulse of construction in the region; scientifically and accurately position the city from the aspects of characteristics, advantages, etc. based on its own geographical features, historical culture, and cultural landscape, adhere to the people-oriented approach, and according to different regions in the city Division of labor, highlighting functions and focusing on practicality. Strengthen the city's overall planning, do a good job in urban landscape planning, and inject historical relics into new construction, so that the city can escape from superficiality and plainness and enrich its cultural connotation. ?
In short, in order to prevent the occurrence of "urban diseases", we must establish a scientific concept of development in urban construction, make overall plans, and realistically observe the coordinated development of economy, society, population, resources, and environment.