Li Huping Hu Fengxiang
(Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)
Abstract: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is rich in thermal resources, and more than a dozen hot water fields and anomalies of underground hot water have been discovered, with different causes, including tectonic causes, and also warming of geothermal gradient.
1 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region shallow geothermal energy distribution
In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively rich in underground hot water resources, has been found in the hot water field and underground hot water anomalies are more than ten, respectively, Aershan hot mineral water, Keshiketeng hot mineral water, Ningcheng hot mineral water, Aohan hot mineral water, Daihai hot mineral water, Ike Wusu hot mineral water, hot mineral water, Hohhot hot mineral water, Uratqian Banner, big she too hot mineral water, Tongliao City, Kerqin district hot mineral water. Tongliao City, Keerqin District underground hot water and other anomalies, is a low-temperature hot water. Among them, the Aershan hot mineral springs distributed in the west side of the Daxinganling mountains, Keshketeng hot mineral springs, Ningcheng hot mineral springs, Aohan hot mineral springs distributed in the southwest edge of the Daxinganling Mountains and the eastern section of the Yinshan Mountains, Daihai hot mineral water, hot mineral water, Hohhot, Ulatqianqi Dashe too hot mineral water is distributed in the south side of the Dachingshan Mountains, Ik Usu hot mineral water is distributed in the Ordos Plateau, Tongliao City, the distribution of hot water anomaly of underground water Tongliao City horqin in the former Tongliao City, the plains. Plains. Its geothermal genesis is mainly divided into two categories, Arshan, Keshketeng, Ningcheng, Aohan, Daihai and Ulatqian Banner, the distribution of hot mineral water and a variety of major torsional tectonic system and active rupture relationship is close to the distribution of the law is strictly subject to the geological tectonics, in particular, giant torsion tectonics system of control, this type of hot mineral water water temperature is generally low, in the range of 20 to 60 ℃ or so, the geothermal burial is shallow, the surge of water, the study of smaller The degree of research is high. And Ike Usu hot mineral water, Hohhot hot mineral water, Tongliao City, Keerqin District hot mineral water is made by geothermal warming, there is a large geothermal storage space, good cover and adequate recharge sources, this type of hot mineral water water temperature is generally higher, between 40 to 100 ℃, deep geothermal burial, gushing water is larger, the degree of research is lower.
1.1 Arshan Thermal Mineral Water
The Arshan Thermal Mineral Water is located in the area of Arshan-Taol River Basin. It is mainly exposed in the town of Aershan, Xing'an League, with 28 hot water springs and a water temperature of 25 to 48 degrees Celsius, which is one of the five famous springs in China. The water contains dozens of minerals and rare elements, with high medical value.
The hot water belt is in the middle Cenozoic era north-north-east deep large fracture zone and east-west large rupture convergence zone, hot mineral water formation, distribution of Jurassic volcanic rocks. The cause of the mineral water is from the north-northwest tensile fracture communication underground heat source, atmospheric precipitation and recharge zone groundwater by active fracture zone deep circulation, dissolution of the surrounding rock components, upwelling into the hot mineral springs group.
Mineral springs were grouped in the Aer mountain slopes below the valley of the first terrace, its distribution by the north-east pressure and north-northwest tensile torsion fracture (Alshan - Irshi large fracture) control. The eastern edge of the valley along the north-northwest torsional fault zone, a linear distribution of about 500m long, east-west width of 40 ~ 50m range of 48 springs, of which the water temperature of 25 ℃ there are 28, mainly rising springs, the distribution area of 1.8km2. the mineral water is endowed with the Jurassic volcanic rocks, the hot mineral water from the active tectonic fracture cause of the deep cycle of high-temperature hot water. The cold mine water is caused by the deep circulation of high-temperature hot mine water in the shallow layer. The water influx of a single hole is 141m3/d; the water influx of a single spring is 10-20m3/d; the total water influx reaches 720m3/d. The water chemistry type is HCO3Na type, HCO3Ca-Na type and HCO3Ca type water. The main special components and trace elements in the mine water are: H2SiO3 content from high to low is 78.0-53.3-21.32mg/L, Li content is 0.76mg/L, Sr content is 0.23mg/L, CO2 content from low to high is 8.8-50.0 -80.0mg/L, radon content is 66.8-183.74Bq/L, and the temperature of the mine water changes from the center to the periphery to 48-20℃.
1.2 Keshiketeng Thermal Mineral Water
The thermal mineral water is located in Hot Water Tang Village, Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, on the southwestern edge of the Daxing'anling Mountains, on the slopes of Huanggangliang Mountain and the terraces on the north bank of Wuliangsuhe River. The formation and distribution of hot mineral water is directly controlled by three groups of active tectonic ruptures in the north-north-east and north-west directions. Fracture intersection part is the main space of underground high-temperature hot water formation and transport and geothermal anomalies show the center, due to the fracture structure to communicate with the underground heat source to form hot mineral water.
According to the investigation data of Northeast Geological Research and Geological Survey Unit from 1971 to 1979, the original L22, L23 and L24 holes, in the depth of 50 to 115m, there are 3 to 5 fracture zones generated by the recent dyke intrusion (each one of which is generally 7-9m wide), which is favorable for the enrichment of the underground circulating hot water and the movement of the hot water. The fracture zones generated by the recent dyke intrusion are mainly granite, and the hot mineral water is mainly deposited and circulated in the granite fracture zones and fractures, and then rises into the shallow quaternary sand and gravel pore aquifer in the circulation, and then becomes the middle and low temperature hot mineral water. According to the survey data in 1990, the hot field distribution area of 0.3km2, the temperature of the mineral water 62 ℃, spring flow <28.08m3.
The hydrochemical type of thermal mineral water is Cl-Na type, the water content of H2SiO3 is 32.60mg/L, Li content of 0.51mg/L, which is already up to the standard of the mineral water, and contains As, Co, Mo, Ni, etc. a variety of beneficial components and trace elements. The mineralization degree is 421.97mg/L; pH value is 8.6, and the type of mineral water is natural lithium-containing and silicate mineral water.
1.3 Ningcheng Thermal Mineral Water
Ningcheng Thermal Mineral Water is located in Hot Water Tang Village, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, in the eastern part of the Yinshan Mountain Range (north of Yanshan Mountain). The geographic coordinates are 118 ° 42′ east longitude and 41 ° 28′ north latitude. The formation of the hot mineral water is mainly controlled by the secondary north-south faults of the Balihan Fracture, which has a north-east direction between the Karakinqi Fracture Block and the Ningcheng Fracture Au, and is influenced by the east-west faults. The secondary east-west oriented tensile-torsional fracture of the Balihan Fault is a good place for the underground hot water storage movement, especially where the tectonic lines intersect, the rocks are broken and the hydraulic conductivity is good, which is a good channel for the hot water to be exposed on the surface, and it is also the center of the hot water anomaly. From the direction of the long axis of hot water isotherm and the direction of the low resistance anomaly identified by the physical exploration electric method, the near east-west fracture is the main fracture zone controlling the hot water in the area. The direction of the rivers in the area is consistent with the tectonic direction of the fracture, especially the tributaries of the Shuihe River, which recharges the groundwater through the large north-north-east oriented fracture river, coupled with the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, and preheated by the deep cycle of bedrock fissures, and finally discharged to the surface in the form of hot-water springs, which form the hot mineral springs.
In the center of the thermal anomaly, the thermal mineral water is enriched to form an artesian water area, and the water level is shallow, less than 1m or self-flowing. From the center to the outside, the depth of the water level gradually deepens to 20-30 m. The temperature of the mineral water gradually changes from high to low to cold water. The hot water field originally exposed five hot mineral springs, three eyes are located in the gneiss, two eyes exposed in the Quaternary stratum, in the form of rising springs out of the surface, hot water springs nearly east-west arrangement, 160m apart, self-flow small. In the hot water area is generally distributed in the clay, sub-clay layer, it is both the area of the water insulation layer, but also the heat insulation layer. The distribution range of hot water has been proved: 700m long in the east-west direction, 500m wide in the north-south direction, and the distribution area of the hot water field is about 0.4km2. In the anomalous center zone of the mineral water, the water temperature is 60~90℃, and there is low temperature hot mineral water distributed in the periphery of the center zone, which constitutes the whole distribution of the hot mineral water in the form of a triangle. The temperature of the hot mine water has a clear distribution pattern from the center zone outward, from high temperature (>60℃) to medium-low temperature (25℃ ＜t＜60℃) to cold water (＜25℃).
The amount of hot mineral water is related to the groundwater recharge source and the distribution of tectonic fracture, fracture composite parts: single hole water influx up to 1445m3/d, generally in the hot mineral water in metamorphic rocks, single hole water influx of 173m3/d, in the Jurassic volcano, the amount of water influx of a single hole of 80-90m3/d, in a nutshell, in addition to the center of the anomalous zone of hot mineral water, the amount of water gradually becoming smaller, the amount of water in shallow water is controlled by seasonal variations In short, except for the center of the anomalous zone, the water volume gradually becomes smaller, and the shallow water volume is controlled by the seasonal change, and the total water output reaches 1327.2m3/d.
The macronutrient chemical constituents of the hot mineral water are mainly SO4 and Na, and the content of the trace elements lithium, strontium, and metasilicicic acid has already reached the standard of mineral water, and the type of the mineral water is lithium, strontium, and metasilicicic acid composite sulfuric acid-type middle and high temperature hot mineral water. Water fluoride content is high, has exceeded the natural mineral water standards, not suitable for drinking, can be used as medical water.
1.4 Aohan Banner Thermal Mineral Water
The Aohan Banner Thermal Mineral Water is located in the village of Hot Water Soup, 4km north of Linjiadi Township, Aohan Banner, Chifeng City.
The hot mineral water is closely related to the fracture structure, according to the survey data in 1971, the formation and distribution of hot mineral water is controlled by the east-west deep fracture zone and the secondary north-east movable fracture, and the medium and high temperature hot mineral water is mainly displayed in the north-east and east-west fracture intersection part. According to the construction drill holes of the year, the hot mineral water is stored in the Jurassic volcanic rocks and coarse-grained granite like mottled tectonic fissures, and its water-rich granite is larger than the volcanic rocks.
According to the results of tritium analysis of hot water isotopes, the concentration of tritium in hot water is 0.57 ± 3.7 TU, indicating that the hot mineral water is from the deep underground long-time high-temperature thermal recycling water, which is mineralized to form the hot metasilicicic acid mineral water by the action of water rock and rises to the shallow part of the formation of the middle and high-temperature hot mineral water along the fracture under the action of hydrostatic pressure. In the water-bearing medium body of hot mineral water temperature and water volume increases with depth. According to the measurement of water volume and water temperature in July 1990, the unit surge volume is 668m3/d, and the water temperature is 62℃.
Thermal mineral water hydrochemical type of HCO3-Cl-Na-type water, water containing a variety of special components and trace elements, including H2SiO3 content of 130mg/L, Li content of 0.5mg/L, Sr content of 0.21mg/L, Rn content of 173.04 Bq / L, are up to the national award of the standard of mineral water for high quality high-temperature It is a high-quality high-temperature mineral water.
1.5 Zhongshuitang Thermal Mineral Water in Liangcheng County
Liangcheng County Zhongshuitang Thermal Mineral Water is located in Zhongshuitang Village, Sansumu Township, Liangcheng County, Ulaanchabu City.
The formation of the hot mineral water is mainly controlled by the mountain front north-east hidden deep fracture zone, the atmospheric precipitation in the bedrock area through the fissure water recharge to the deep fracture zone in front of the mountain, in the process of the deep cycle, after extensive water rock action, the salt minerals contained in the surrounding rock or secondary alteration minerals and amorphous silica and other dissolved filter hydrolysis, into the groundwater enriched, the formation of metasilicic acid mine water, and in the geothermal temperature gradient under the influence of the deep Under the influence of geothermal gradient, the water is heated up by deep circulation into high-temperature thermal mineral water. According to the standard of medical thermal mineral water, the thermal mineral water of Zhongshuitang has a water temperature of 38℃, strontium content of 0.6mg/L, lithium of 0.26mg/L, and metasilicicic acid of 39～52mg/L. The three indexes have reached the standard of mineral water, which is of medical value, and it has obvious curative effect on stomach, kidney, stones, rheumatism, mental mania, hypertension, and Keshan disease.
1.6 Hohhot Thermal Mineral Water
Hohhot Thermal Mineral Water is located in the north-central part of the city of Hohhot, with geographic coordinates of east longitude: 111°36′10″～111°45′25″; north latitude: 40°47′44″～40°53′26″, and covers an area of about 84km2. The focus of the work area is in the area of Haoqinying and the factory Hanban.
The Hohhot Basin is located in the northern edge of the North China Plateau, there is no young acidic magmatism in the area, and its heat source mainly comes from the earth's interior, which is normal warming conduction heating, local hydrothermal convection, and the geothermal gradient of the Hohhot area is 3 ℃/100 m. The depth of the top plate of the dacite thermal reservoir in the work area is more than 1800 m, and the temperature of the thermal storage is generally 50-90 ℃, which is a low-temperature geothermal resource of hot water.
This is a low-temperature geothermal resource hot water.
The thermal storage layer in the area is Yuan Gu Yu, Tai Gu Yu marble, belonging to the stratified thermal storage. Due to the influence of fracture tectonics, joints and fissures are developed, with 4.6m of primary fissures, 62.6m of secondary fissures and 24.6m of tertiary fissures, which are more developed. The north is closer to the mountain front fracture, the stratum joints and fissures are better developed, more favorable to the storage of underground hot water.
The underground hot water in Hohhot is mainly shallow groundwater recharged downward through the deep and large fractures, and the water temperature gradually rises with the increase of ground temperature. Its cover layer for the third series of thick mudstone and cretaceous sandstone, mudstone on the lower part of the thermal energy to play a good role in insulation, is a good cover layer in the region.
2 development and utilization of the situation
Underground hot water is both a water resource, but also an energy source, the scope of application is extremely wide, life, medical, industrial, agricultural and other aspects can be utilized. Distributed in the autonomous region of the low-temperature thermal mineral water containing a variety of beneficial trace elements composite mineral water, in addition to the medical treatment of disease relief, but also has the energy conditions, the development of planting, farming and heating business. Both the development of new energy and can stimulate local economic growth, or urban green energy. Therefore, the development and utilization of underground hot water resources is of far-reaching significance. Relying on the advantages of hot water resources to actively develop tourism and health care industry, to stimulate economic growth and promote urban construction is of great significance.
2.1 Aershan hot mineral water development and utilization of the status quo
Aershan hot mineral water has a long history, and its hot springs are one of the five famous springs in China. The local people use the hot mineral water to cure the disease to get rid of the disease has been a hundred years of history. After the founding of new China, the government funded the construction of a large-scale sanatorium, patients from all over the country have come here to accept the spring bath treatment.
Medium and low-temperature thermal mineral water, in addition to bathing for medical treatment, in the organization of medical personnel, under the guidance of the appropriate amount of drinking to achieve the effect of curing the disease. At present, there are hot mineral water swimming pool, Aershan sanatorium. Sanatorium set up physical therapy clinic, spring therapy room after years of utilization of practice, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, gastric diseases, skin diseases have therapeutic effects. Hot mineral water springs are divided into headache springs, stomach disease springs, chest pain springs, beauty springs and so on. Health care medical value is very high, the development prospects are very promising.
2.2 Keshiketeng hot mineral water development and utilization of the status quo
The hot mineral water has a long history, rumor has it that more than 400 years ago, the local people used natural hot mineral water bath or a small amount of drinking, the treatment of skin diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and so on. After many years of practice, to bath health care based on the medical effect is very high. 1970s, in order to develop and utilize, the Northeast Institute of Geology and Hydrogeology Force of the hot mineral water investigation and research, and drilling 3 hot water holes, a single well gushing 145.66m3 / d. Local governments and some departments in the hot water soup has built a few sanatoriums. The use of natural hot mineral water bath to cure the disease to get rid of the disease, in addition to bathing for medical treatment, but also the use of hot water for heating. Because of the long-term mining, hot mineral water level decline, the original exposed 7 natural springs in 2 natural springs disappeared, now only 4 springs are utilized.
At present, the construction of the national sanatorium, building area of 4672m2, opened with a bath and drinking in the Chinese, Mongolian, Western medicine combined with physical therapy room, from the existing scale, hot mineral water development and utilization prospects are considerable.
2.3 Ningcheng hot mineral water development and utilization of the status quo
Ningcheng hot water soup mineral water, is the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the use of earlier, the development of a larger scale of hot mineral water, mainly used for bathing health care, prevent chronic arthritis, osteoporosis, treatment of skin diseases. Currently in the hot mineral water production area built demobilized soldiers sanatorium, supply and marketing workers hot springs sanatorium, post and telecommunications sanatorium, Pingzhuang Mining Bureau sanatorium (osteoporosis clinic), County Fish Plant sanatorium, Science and Technology Commission sanatorium, the Commission sanatorium, hot water central sanatorium (rheumatoid treatment center, Shenyang City, Rheumatoid Research Institute, Ningcheng Branch) and hot water in the town of public **** baths and other bathing and treatment of a number of venues and farms, and so on. Hot mineral water is rich in a variety of special components and trace elements beneficial to human health, with high health care functions and development and utilization value.
2.4 Aohan Banner hot mineral water development and utilization of the status quo
Aohan Banner hot water soup originally a natural hot water mineral springs, the Qing Dynasty Qianlong thirty-eight years (1773) before the local residents on the use of this water to treat arthritis, skin diseases, neurological disorders, etc..
1958, Aohan Banner in hot water soup built a sanatorium. 1970s Liaoning hydrogeological team of the hot mineral water hydrogeological survey, drilling 5 eyes. Three of them hit the hot water, increasing the amount of hot mineral water, so that the sanatorium further expansion. Sanatorium existing staff 24 people, 160 beds. At present, the government of Bo Hanqi has decided to develop the sanatorium into tourism and health care, and is now expanding the sanatorium by 2,000m2, which is used for tourism and government reception and meeting arrangement.
2.5 Hohhot hot mineral water development and utilization of the status quo
Hohhot Basin has done geothermal research in the 1960s, 1970s and 1990s, but by the funding and drilling technology limitations, only limited to shallow fracture zone geothermal research. 1999 by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the first water exploration institute in the basin to analyze the gravity, physical prospecting and Hohsan 1 oil drilling holes, based on the Geological and Mining Bureau of the yard. On the basis of analyzing the gravity and physical exploration of the basin and the oil drilling hole No.1 of Husen, the first geothermal exploration hole No.1 of Hohhot HR was arranged in the yard of Geology and Mining Bureau. The hole revealed that the lower part of the Hohhot Basin has a thick layer of marble, and on top of it is a huge mudstone cover, the bottom temperature of the hole reaches 89.4 degrees Celsius, and the marble mainly receives the bedrock fissure water of the mountainous areas on the north and south sides and the pore water of the fracture in front of the mountains for recharge, and the Hohhot Basin is equipped with all the conditions of the existence of geothermal heat, and it has the possibility of further exploration and research, and it is necessary to be further determined by drilling and physical prospecting on the ground, and by the work of gravity.
Distributed in the Hohhot Plain of the medium temperature thermal mineral water containing a variety of beneficial trace elements composite mineral water, in addition to medical treatment, but also has the energy conditions, the development of planting, farming and heating business. Both the development of new energy and can stimulate local economic growth, or urban green energy, so the development and utilization of underground hot water resources is far-reaching. Relying on the advantages of hot water resources to actively develop tourism and health care industry, to stimulate economic growth and promote urban construction is of great significance. Therefore, increasing the exploration and development of underground hot mineral water in Hohhot City is a great cause that is beneficial in the present and the future. The development of this work, the sustainable development of the economy of Hohhot City and ecological environment will play a positive role in promoting the development of local productive forces and improve the living environment of the local people, to achieve the "16th National Congress" put forward to build a moderately prosperous society in all aspects of the goal is of great practical significance, and can reflect the Central Committee of the CPC The "Three Represents" important idea, in line with the implementation of the development of the Great Northwest national policy.
3 Prospects for geothermal development and development strategy
3.1 Problems in geothermal development
(1) Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, although the development and utilization of hot mineral water for many years, but the development and utilization of the scale of the smaller, single use, only for medical or a small amount of agricultural irrigation. In particular, Keshiketeng, Ningcheng, boiled Han high-temperature thermal mineral water heat has not been given full play and utilization, still has a greater potential for development. Hot water resources, although widespread, but the lack of necessary development and utilization of the basis, in addition to Ningcheng County, eight Lihan hot water soup and Aohan Banner Linji hot water soup underground hot water in the 1:100,000 hot water census report in the evaluation of resources, the rest of the hot water points have not been made to recover resources evaluation. As a result, it is difficult to carry out further development work, should be made up as soon as possible to do a certain amount of survey work, for the local government to further develop and utilize the hot mineral water resources to provide basic information.
(2) The vast majority of hot water points have not carried out long-term observation, not installed measurement facilities, lack of systematic dynamic long-term observation data, water temperature, water quantity, water level and water quality are not regularly monitored. Some points do not even have accurate dynamic information, hot water dynamic changes and stability can not be evaluated, for further development of the lack of scientific basis, resulting in blind exploitation.
(3) lack of effective scientific management. Currently developed hot water points are the lack of unified management, rational development. Mining is relatively chaotic, in the resource is not clear, some points even blindly on the project, resulting in excessive mining, waste water discharge, discharge over the standard and other serious problems, resulting in underground hot water level drop, water temperature, water quality deterioration, water reduction, waste of resources, environmental pollution and other undesirable phenomena, so that the hot water resources of the hot mines suffered damage.
3.2 Geothermal development development strategy
From the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on the development and utilization of underground hot water for many years, underground hot water has a wide range of uses, is an economic and environmental protection type of new energy. Therefore, increase the autonomous region of underground hot mineral water exploration and development efforts, is the work of the present generation, benefit in the autumn and the great cause of the sustainable development of the autonomous region's economy and ecological environment will play a positive role in promoting the development of the local productive forces and improve the living environment of the local people, and to achieve the "16th National Congress" put forward by the comprehensive well-off society's goal of struggle Has very important practical significance. The autonomous region should be in the existing underground hot water development based on further strengthening of geothermal research and management, improve the degree of utilization of hot mineral water. At the same time, should strengthen to Hohhot City, Baotou City, Tongliao City, represented by large and medium-sized basin hot mineral water development efforts, the development of planting, farming and heating business, relying on the advantages of hot water resources, and actively develop tourism and health care industry, stimulate economic growth, and promote the construction of urbanization.
References
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[2] Liu Wenqing. Japan geothermal energy development 1993 annual report. Geothermal Energy. 1994, No. 5
[3] Ren Xiang, Zhang Zhenguo. Analysis of China's geothermal energy potential and development strategy. Geothermal Energy. 1995 No. 1.