Ultrasonic testing technology is a product of the development of modern science and technology, the process of its detection will be very good to protect the quality and performance of the test piece, this is my ultrasonic testing technology paper for everyone, just for reference!
Ultrasonic testing technology paper aStudy on the application of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology
Abstract: Ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology is a product of the development of modern science and technology, and its detection process will be very good protection of the quality and performance of the specimen, so as to obtain the nature of the items and characteristics of the test for its detection. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology through the combination of high-tech technology to complete the detection process, the results of the test is true and reliable, can reflect the application of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology, at the same time ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology in the detection, there are also some shortcomings.
Keywords: ultrasonic nondestructive testing; pulse-reflective technology; detection technology
CCTS: P631 Literature ID: A Article Number: 1009-2374(2014)05-0029-02
Ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology in the process of detection, it will be used in the process of a lot of technology, these technologies not only to meet the testing needs, but also can effectively solve the problems arising in the detection. After the continuous exploration of technical personnel, through the technology of artificial neural network to reduce the detection of defects, and to achieve the effect of reducing noise, to meet the higher requirements of ultrasonic nondestructive testing. In the process of detection, it is necessary to rationally and scientifically utilize technical techniques to improve the accuracy of the detection results.
1 The development trend and main functions of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology
1.1 The development trend of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology
In the process of applying ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology, a lot of theoretical knowledge is needed to support the detection of the detection of the method and the process has strict requirements, and these norms of the detection of the detection of ultrasonic nondestructive testing results can be more accurate. can be more accurate. Detected defects, technicians apply non-contact detection technology, the use of laser ultrasound to improve the effectiveness of detection, so the future of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology will be towards the level of automated operation to develop. Automated detection methods can simplify the detection work, to achieve the goal of professional testing, expanding the scope of application of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology, and at the same time, with the application of ultrasonic technology, in the process of detection, but also to achieve the goal of digital detection, the use of ultrasonic signals to process the application of technology, so that the detection technology can be realized unified use of the requirements, while the digital operation of the detection process will also increase the accuracy of detection, conducive to the development of detection technology. accuracy, which is conducive to the development of detection technology. So ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology will achieve a comprehensive modernization of the operational requirements, the use of modern science and technology to standardize the development of ultrasonic nondestructive testing detection behavior, but also has the function of dealing with defects, improve the efficiency of detection.
1.2 The main functions of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology system
At present, China's ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology is mainly used in the pulse-reflective detection method, the application of this technology can accurately locate the location and form of defects, with very high sensitivity, simplify the work of the technicians to check the defects, improve the technical standards. Pulse reflective detection technology also has a very high degree of flexibility and applicability, can be adapted to the requirements of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, and to realize the detection of a variety of waveforms by one instrument. According to the requirements of pulse-reflective detection technology, it can realize the function of defect inspection, the function of switching the display of the operating interface, the function of displaying the calendar clock, and the use of the function keys is also very convenient in the actual detection process, which simplifies the operation process of the technicians, and the pulse-reflective technology has a high degree of sensitivity, which makes it possible to find out defects in the process of detection in a timely manner, and is conducive to the technicians to carry out overhaul work and improve the inspection work. Overhaul of the work, improve the efficiency of the detection work.
1.3 Technical specifications of the main functions of the system
Pulse-reflective technology has a lot of requirements in the use of the process, which should meet the technical specifications of the use of the function, so as to realize the standardization of the operating criteria. Reflective voltage should be controlled at 400 volts, the realization of half-wave or radio frequency detection mode, the detection range should be between 4000-5000 millimeters, only to meet these technical standards in order to set up a reasonable framework for the application of technology. At the same time in the process of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology has strict requirements of the circuit design, if you can not meet the technical requirements of the indicators, then in the actual detection process, there will be a great deal of risk, which will cause serious threats to the safety of life of the technicians. Therefore, before the implementation of the detection work, must be in accordance with the relevant technical indicators to reasonably build the detection of the environment, improve the security of the detection work, to ensure that the detection work can be carried out smoothly.
2 ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology detection methods and defects in the display
2.1 Ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology detection of the main application methods
Ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology detection methods in accordance with specific classifications can be divided into a variety of detection from the principle of detection to analyze, ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology application of the main method is the penetration method, the pulse reflection method, *** vibration method, according to the detection probe to classify, the main method of detection has a single probe method, double probe method, multi-probe method, according to the detection of the type of coupling of the specimen to classify, the main method of detection has a liquid immersion method, direct contact method. These specific methods can meet the detection work in many cases, and improve the accuracy of the test results, improve the detection requirements of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology, so technicians should choose the correct detection method according to the specific testing environment and the type of specimen, through the application of the method to improve the efficiency of the detection work, reduce the possibility of defects. With the continuous development of China's modern science and technology, people on the application of detection technology has also put forward higher requirements, the detection of detection work is also more and more extensive, and at the same time, the requirements in the process of testing the specimen, can not damage the quality and performance of the specimen, but also to ensure the accuracy of the test results, so the technicians should be strictly in accordance with the testing standards, to complete the test work, to test the method of testing Improvement, so that it can meet the requirements of the times.
2.2 Display of defects
In the process of ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology detection, there will be different types of defects, mainly divided into A, B, C three types of displays, in the process of industrial testing, the A type of display is the most widely used type of display, in the form of pulses on the monitor to show the display of length and width of the display to mark, so that when the ultrasonic return defect signals, can be used to detect the defects. ultrasonic return defect signal, can be clearly displayed on the screen to show the location of the defects appeared. class B display is through the echo signal to complete the process of display, echo signal will be issued when the light will be prompted to light, through the display of the monitor can be observed to defects appeared in the horizontal position, this type of display is more intuitive, conducive to the observation and analysis of the technical staff. class C display is through the reflection of the echo signal to Modulation of the content of the display, through the light and dark lights to show the results of the reception, the detection of defects will appear bright lights, so technicians only need to observe the changes in the light, you can judge the situation of defects appear. Therefore, in the actual detection process, technicians must carefully observe the location and content of defects, so as to develop a scientific and reasonable improvement program to reduce the possibility of defects, improve the effect of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology detection.
2.3 Localization of defects
For pulse-reflective ultrasonic testing technology, the horizontal value of the display changes is the location of the defects, then the technicians have to locate the location of the defects, so that they can analyze the defects in the detection process of the link. According to the reflected defects sound waves, after calculation, to arrive at the exact location of the defects produced.
3 Conclusion
The development of science and technology will lead to the improvement of China's productivity level, but also to promote the research and development of technology, ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology is because of the continuous development of science and technology to achieve the detection of the goal of the detection process, the detection process can be combined with modern technology to improve the efficiency of detection and the accuracy of the results. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology to achieve the requirements of non-destructive specimen detection, improve the quality and level of detection, should be the attention of all sectors of society to expand the scope of detection.
References
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Author's introduction: Li Xinming (1992-), male, Hubei, student of Dalian University of Technology.
Ultrasonic detection technology thesis IIStatus of ultrasonic internal detection technology of long-distance pipeline
Abstract Ultrasonic internal detection technology is the main detection technology of long-distance pipeline. This paper introduces the technical advantages of ultrasonic internal inspection of long-distance pipeline, the current status of development at home and abroad, for reference.
Keywords long-distance pipeline ultrasonic internal inspection Advantages Status
I. Introduction
Long-distance pipeline is an important means of transportation of oil and natural gas, in order to ensure the stable operation of the pipeline, it is necessary to strengthen the daily testing and maintenance, timely detection of problems, to prevent major accidents.
Second, the main technology and advantages of pipeline testing
Pipeline testing is a systematic project covering the process of decision-making on testing programs, pipeline testing, testing data interpretation and analysis and pipeline safety evaluation. The use of intelligent detectors for pipeline inspection is a more common way, the method is to run in the pipeline through the intelligent detector to collect, process and store pipeline inspection data, including pipeline wall thickness, pipeline corrosion area location, the degree of corrosion of the pipeline, pipeline cracks and weld defects, and then process the data with the combination of display technology to depict the true state of the pipeline three-dimensional image, for the pipeline maintenance program to provide a basis for decision-making. Decision-making basis for the development of pipeline maintenance programs. Ultrasonic detection technology and magnetic leakage detection technology is now the most commonly used sea pipe detection technology.
Ultrasonic detection technology is placed in the detector center of a horizontally placed ultrasonic sensors, sensors along the direction parallel to the wall of the pipe to launch sound waves, sound waves along the direction parallel to the wall of the pipe until the direction of a rotating mirror reflection, vertical penetration of the pipeline wall, the sound wave touches the outer wall of the pipeline according to the original path of the reflection back to the sensor, the computer to calculate the launch and reflection of sound waves back to the sensor time, the time is converted to the sound waves, and the time is converted to the sound waves. The computer calculates the time between the emission of the sound wave and its reflection back to the sensor, and this time is converted into a measurement of the distance and the wall thickness of the pipe. The acoustic reflection mirror rotates 2 weeks per second, and the detector can collect about 30,000 measurements per meter. Ultrasonic internal detection technology can be a simple principle, accurate and reliable data, the method can accurately measure the wall thickness of the pipeline, not only can measure the metal pipeline, for non-metallic pipelines, such as high-density polyethylene pipe can also be effectively measured, and can be measured in a wide range of pipe diameter size, and even be able to measure the wall thickness of the wall thickness of more than 80 grade of the large wall thickness of the pipeline, for the change in the diameter of the pipeline is also applicable.
Pipeline leakage detection technology using magnets in the pipe wall to produce a longitudinal circuit of magnetic field to detect the pipeline inside and outside the wall of the loss of metal as well as cracks and other defects, to determine the exact location of the above defects, the detector with the magnets will be detected through the detector of the pipe wall saturation magnetization, so that the wall of the circumference of the formation of a magnetic circuit. If the inner or outer wall of the pipe has defects, around the pipe defects, the magnetic lines of force of the pipe wall will be redistributed, part of the magnetic lines of force will leak in the process so as to enter the surrounding medium, which is known as the leakage magnetic field. The magnetic field of the leakage is detected by the probe which is close to the pipe wall between the magnetic poles, and the detected signals will be recorded into the memory after filtering, amplifying, converting and other processing, and the signals will be judged and recognized through the processing of the data analysis system. Pipeline leakage magnetic detection technology has the advantage of high accuracy, through the design of low resistance and low wear in the gas pipeline to achieve high quality data, can be completed in the absence of the ball and ball device to detect the path of more than 200 kilometers of long-distance pipeline can be detected at a speed of about 200 meters per minute.
Third, long-distance pipeline construction process technology development status
1, pipeline welding
Pipeline welding is one of the most important aspects of pipeline construction, on-site welding efficiency, safety and reliability in the construction of each pipeline is an important role. From the domestic long-distance pipeline project in 1950 since the construction of the first transportation pipeline, pipeline welding construction in the development of China's half-century has experienced four main development process, respectively: manual arc welding upward welding, manual arc welding downward welding, semi-automatic welding and automatic welding.
(1) manual arc welding upward welding and manual arc welding downward welding. the early 90's manual arc welding downward welding and manual arc welding downward welding as a domestic transmission pipeline at the time of a welding method, has been widely used, the prominent advantage is the high current, welding speed is high, the root of the welding speed of up to 20 to 50 cm / min, high welding efficiency. Currently in the welding position is relatively difficult to carry out the position and welding equipment difficult to enter the position when using manual arc welding welding.
(2) semi-automatic welding. Welders through the semi-automatic welding torch welding, by continuous wire feeding device wire welding a way called semi-automatic welding. Semi-automatic welding is the main way of long-distance pipeline welding, because in the welding wire feeding is more continuous, it saves the time to change the welding rod and other auxiliary work, while the high rate of deposition, reduce the welded joints, reduce the welding arc, arc welding defects, weld qualification rate increased,
(3) automatic welding. Automatic welding method to automate the entire welding process, manual mainly engaged in monitoring the operation. Domestic began from west to east of the natural gas pipeline project, is a large area of automatic welding applications. Automatic welding technology in Xinjiang, Gobi and other regions are more suitable.
2, non-excavation through the construction technology
Encountered buried pipeline construction, crossing rivers, roads, railroads and other obstacles, there are many problems if the use of traditional excavation methods will be more difficult to implement, and? Non-excavation? Laying underground pipelines is the current international pipeline project carried out by advanced construction methods, has been widely used in this country. China in recent years the construction of a large number of long-distance pipelines using shield crossing technology, there are many large rivers using shield crossing. Pipe jacking crossing through short distance pipeline crossing technology began to be used in the late 1970s. Traditionally, pipe jacking construction was based on manual mining. Later on, when augers were used to mine and transport the pipe top soil, and later on earth pressure balancing methods, mud and water balancing methods were derived, distances of more than 1 km or more could be reached through pipe jacking technology. Through the hydraulic to control the tube cutting the overburden in front of the pipe to ensure that the direction of the pipe jacking is correct, and the top of the use of relays, laser ranging, head orientation correction method of jacking construction work, long distance pipe jacking problems and directional problems have been solved.
3, directional traversing technology
China's introduction of directional drilling from the United States was first applied to the construction of long-distance pipeline on the Yellow River in 1985. In the past 20 years, the non-excavation directional traversing pipeline technology has been rapidly developed in China. Directional drilling in trenchless pipeline crossing technology has been widely used in pipeline industry. Directional drilling for pipeline laying has made great achievements. China in February 2002 to 2308 meters and 273 meters in diameter length across the Qiantang River, is the world's longest crossing length, was recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. Directional traversing pipeline construction technology is a multidisciplinary, multi-technology, according to the systematic engineering in one, any part of the construction process problems in the integration of equipment, and may lead to the failure of the entire project, resulting in huge losses. And is widely used due to directional drilling, through the construction, so that the technology has made great progress and development of the direction. Hard Rock International various construction methods, such as mud motor, shock top, double pipe drilling construction. Widely used PLC control, electro-hydraulic proportional control technology, load sensing system, with the use of special structural design software.
Fourth, the current situation of pipeline ultrasonic internal detection technology
1, phased array ultrasonic detector
The United States GE developed the ultrasonic phased array pipeline detector began to be used in 2005 for oil and gas pipeline detection, has been detected pipeline length of 4700km, the detector includes two different detection modes: ultrasonic wall thickness measurement mode and ultrasonic The detector consists of two different inspection modes: ultrasonic wall thickness measurement mode and ultrasonic corrosion detection mode, and is suitable for oil pipelines with a pipe diameter of 610-660mm. The detector is different from the traditional detector of the single probe incident pipeline surface detection method, using the form of probe group to arrange the probe ring, several adjacent and very close (spacing of about 0.4mm) of the probe to form a probe group, a probe group within the probe in accordance with a certain time sequence to excitation and generate ultrasonic pulses, and the sequence of excitation determines the direction and angle of the generated ultrasonic pulses, and therefore The excitation sequence determines the direction and angle of the generated ultrasonic pulses, therefore, focused ultrasonic pulses can be generated by controlling the excitation sequences of different probes in a probe group. The detector consists of 3 probe rings, 44 probe groups, each providing a detection mode, which can be determined according to different pipeline inspection needs.
The detector is identical to other internal detectors and consists of 4 parts: pipe cleaner, power supply, phased array transducer, and data processing and storage module. The tube cleaner is located at the head of the whole detector and is equipped with a polyurethane bowl, which on the one hand is responsible for clearing the tube to ensure detection accuracy, and on the other hand serves as a seal so that the detector can be driven forward by the pressure difference between the front and the rear of the detector. The probe compartment consists of 3 separate probe rings, each arranged to provide full circumferential coverage of the ultrasonic signal. The detector is capable of detecting cracks up to 25mm long and 1mm deep, with a detection accuracy of more than 90%; the minimum detection corrosion area is 10?10mm, with a detection accuracy of more than 90%.
2, elastic wave pipeline detector
Enbridge Pipeline Company manages the world's longest and most complex oil pipeline network. It has developed internal detectors that have been used in over 15,000km of pipelines. The main types of detectors based on the acoustic wave principle are the elastic wave detector and the ultrasonic pipe corrosion detector. The elastic wave signal of the elastic wave detector can be propagated in gas pipelines, and it is mainly used to detect the weld characteristics of pipelines, especially for long welds and stress corrosion cracks. The latest MKIII elastic wave detector can be equipped with up to 96 ultrasonic sensors, for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals under liquid bane conditions for pipeline detection. the maximum operating distance of the MKIII elastic wave detector is 150km, which is a great degree of improvement compared with the second generation of products of 45km.
V. Conclusion
In summary, with the rapid development and progress of science and technology, ultrasonic internal detection technology will be more perfect, the detection of long-distance pipeline will be more accurate, for the normal use of the pipeline and the safe operation of a greater role.
References
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