1. The degree of standardization is not high and the overall production level is low
Among the 70 large-scale farms investigated, they basically meet the "six modernization" standards (improved livestock and poultry breeding, breeding facilities, standardized production, institutionalized epidemic prevention, harmless treatment of feces, and normalized supervision), the proportion is extremely low, and the degree of standardization is very different from that of the European Union and the United States.
2 The overall strength of feed veterinary drug companies is low and the market competitiveness is not strong
The 86 feed manufacturers surveyed were over 80 years old and the annual production scale was less than 50,000t; among the 26 veterinary drug manufacturers, Only 23 companies have an annual output value of more than 5 million yuan, which is a big gap compared with similar companies in other provinces and regions. Among the 26 veterinary drug manufacturers surveyed, 18 simply mixed or sterilized the purchased raw materials, and their products had low technical content; 12 of the 15 feed manufacturers imported technology, and their independent innovation capabilities were seriously insufficient. In terms of product research and development, only 5 of the 26 companies have established dedicated R&D departments, accounting for only 19.2%.
3 The service system needs to be strengthened urgently and cannot meet work needs
Among the 30 animal husbandry technology extension agencies, the working conditions of 73 units cannot meet work needs. Village-level epidemic prevention workers have poor wages, low education, and older age. 74.4% of the epidemic prevention workers’ annual salary is less than 1,200 yuan; only 17.2% have a high school education or above; only 23.4% are under 40 years old. The average staffing level of the 70 county stations is 18.5 people, and 73% of the units reported Because the staff is too small to meet work needs, 59 units have not recruited college graduates in their majors in the past five years. 56 counties and 40 towns have professional and technical personnel under 70, and 17 counties and 50 towns have more than 50 employees aged 46 and above. Among the 100 survey respondents, 69 county stations and 60 townships were short of funds and found it difficult to ensure normal work. Labor protection for livestock and veterinary workers is lacking. Only a few counties in the province, such as Ansai and Wuqi, have purchased commercial insurance such as medical insurance and accident insurance for epidemic prevention workers.
4. Lack of human resources and incoordination with industrial development
The lack of young and educated labor force in rural areas is prominent. Among the 100 surveyed villages, more than 65% of the labor force is between 45 and 60 years old, and less than 18% have junior high school education or above, which directly affects the promotion of advanced animal husbandry technologies and management models; large-scale farms lack field directors and managers who understand both professionalism and management. Type talents. Among the 70 large-scale breeding farms surveyed, 48.5% are lay owners; there is a lack of service talents for the development of modern animal husbandry in technology promotion. Among the 30 livestock technology promotion agencies, there are less than 8 technical staff who are familiar with pen design and equipment configuration, only 8 people can interpret DHI reports, and only 4 people have mastered TMR technology; technical support lacks laboratory testing and inspection talents. Of the 20 county-level animal epidemic control centers, only 11 counties can meet the needs of normal work of veterinary laboratories. The existing human resources are not coordinated with the rapidly developing animal husbandry industry.
5 There are many constraints and weak policy support
Big investment, high risks, high pollution, difficulty in getting loans, land use, and insurance. The "three major and three difficulties" problems have become the current constraints. Main factors for the development of livestock industry. The average household capital is 50,000 to 80,000 yuan, but a pig farmer who produces 200 pigs per year needs to invest about 180,000 yuan; to build a "Shiyang model" (the Shiyang broiler model is led by Shiyang Group, Adopting the order model of "company farmers", the group signs long-term breeding contracts with farmers to guide the construction of standardized broiler breeding houses, unified supply of chicks, feed, medicine, epidemic prevention, and recycling of broilers), and houses with 5,000 broiler chickens. It requires an investment of about 150,000 yuan, which is beyond the investment capacity of ordinary farmers; 68% of the respondents reported that high disease risks are the main factor restricting the development of animal husbandry, and 51% of the respondents reported that high market risks are the main factor restricting the development of animal husbandry; subsequently With the construction of new countryside, ecological civilization construction, urban-rural integrated development, sustainable and healthy agricultural development, etc., environmental pollution has become the main factor restricting the large-scale development of animal husbandry.
63 questionnaires reflected that difficulty in obtaining loans is the biggest obstacle restricting the expansion of animal husbandry production, and only 12 of 70 large-scale farms have obtained bank credit. The 58 questionnaires reflected that the difficulty of land use restricts the rapid expansion of the livestock industry. There is a lack of a complete insurance system for the high-risk breeding industry. For example, there is a huge gap between the 1,000 yuan insurance policy for sows and the cost price of more than 3,000 yuan per sow, which cannot effectively protect the interests of farmers. The livestock industry insurance system is not perfect.