The molar mass of hydrogen chloride is 36.46 grams per mole.
1. Physical properties of hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen chloride is colorless, with a melting point of -114.2°C and a boiling point of -85°C. It does not burn in the air and is thermally stable. It does not decompose until about 1500°C. It has a suffocating odor, is highly irritating to the upper respiratory tract, and is corrosive to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. The density is greater than that of air, its aqueous solution is hydrochloric acid, and concentrated hydrochloric acid is volatile.
2. Chemical properties of hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen chloride is a corrosive non-combustible gas that does not react with water but is easily soluble in water. It often exists in the air in the form of hydrochloric acid mist. Easily soluble in ethanol and ether, and also soluble in many other organic substances; easily soluble in water, at 25°C and 1 atmosphere, 1 volume of water can dissolve 503 volumes of hydrogen chloride gas.
The chemical properties of dry hydrogen chloride are very inactive. Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals burn in hydrogen chloride, and sodium burns with a bright yellow flame.
The aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is hydrochloric acid. Industrial hydrochloric acid is often slightly yellowish, mainly due to the presence of ferric chloride. Ammonia is often used to test for the presence of hydrochloric acid. Ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride to form white ammonium chloride particles. Hydrogen chloride has a strong dipole that creates hydrogen bonds with other dipoles.
Applications of hydrogen chloride
1. Industrial application
1. Metal cleaning: very common in industrial applications, such as cleaning the surface of welding materials before welding.
2. Rubber manufacturing: Hydrogen oxide can serve as a catalyst for rubber, promoting cross-linking between rubber molecules and improving the strength and wear resistance of rubber.
3. Textile industry: Hydrogen hydride can be used in the preparation of dyes and bleaching of fibers to help remove impurities and colors on the fibers and make the fibers whiter. 4. Food processing: Chlorine chloride can be used for sterilization and disinfection during food processing to ensure food hygiene and safety.
2. Medical applications
1. Disinfection and sterilization: Hydrogen chloride has strong sterilization ability and can be used to disinfect medical equipment, surgical instruments and wards, effectively preventing the spread of pathogens.
2. Treatment of respiratory diseases: Hydrogen chloride can be used to treat respiratory infections, asthma and other diseases through inhalation. It has bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties, can relieve symptoms and promote recovery.
3. Preparation of drugs: Hydrogen chloride can be used to prepare some pharmaceutical raw materials, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. These drugs have important application value in the medical and pharmaceutical fields.