Procedures and measures to fight the initial fire
Procedures and measures to fight the initial fire, mankind is able to make rational use of fire is the main symbol of the progress of civilization, but we enjoy the convenience of the fire, but also to be clear about the possible hazards of the fire, do a good job in advance of the precautions to cope with the risk of the following look at the procedures and measures to fight the initial fire.
Fighting the initial fire procedures and measures 1 According to the controllability of the fire incident, the severity and impact of the scope of the alarm and police emergency response according to the three-tier process. (a) Level I fire incident response procedures. Occurrence of casualties, fire burning fiercely, the company has been unable to control or may cause secondary, derivative major fire accidents, in the rapid to "119" alarm for help at the same time, should immediately report to the company leadership. (II) II fire incident response procedures. In the event of a general fire, the company's emergency forces in a short period of time (within 10 minutes) is difficult to extinguish the fire, the person in charge of the company's firefighting should immediately report to the leadership of the company. The company immediately organize volunteer firefighters to the scene of the emergency forces to fight. In the fight should pay close attention to, and keep abreast of developments and fight the situation, such as in a short period of time (within 15 minutes) can not be extinguished, may threaten the surrounding production, working environment facilities, should be immediately to the "119" alarm for assistance. Alarm should be clear when the fire unit, detailed location, fire material, there are no people trapped in the fire and the name of the alarm, contact number, and send someone to the intersection or a designated location to lead the fire department to the scene of the fire quickly. (C) III response procedures. When a localized, small-scale fire occurs during the company's daily work, the person who finds it should immediately issue an alarm of fire to the surrounding personnel. The person in charge of this scope immediately organizes the personnel on duty to put out the fire. After the end of the disposal, immediately the cause of the fire, the loss of the situation reported to the leadership of the company. Alarm handling procedures (a) the occurrence of Class I fire accident response alarm handling procedures. The company's "leading group" received the report of the level I fire accident, the leading group leader immediately rushed to the scene of the fire accident, assumed the responsibility of emergency fire fighting and rescue commander-in-chief. The leader of the leading group can not be in place, by the deputy leader in place, if the deputy leader can not be in place, the company office by the company's functions in line with the notification of the person in charge of the rush to the scene of the organization of fire fighting and rescue. According to the development of the fire scene, according to the needs of fire rescue, the commander-in-chief may designate a number of sub-principals, and to grant them an occasional on-site authority to exercise fire rescue functions. (b) according to the fire accident scene, the unified deployment of the implementation of fire fighting and rescue work, and fire fighting and rescue work in the dispute to take urgent measures. (c) If the fire burns fiercely, it is possible to trigger or derive secondary disaster accidents, the chief fire commander can urgently call all kinds of professionals within the company to provide technical support for fire-fighting and rescue. Organization and coordination of water supply, power supply, medical care, transportation, supplies and materials and other related resources to participate in fire fighting and rescue work. (d) In case of major fires (more than 3 deaths; more than 10 serious injuries; more than 20 deaths and serious injuries) requiring assistance, it can directly report to the provincial and municipal people's governments and make requests for rescue and reinforcement. (e) According to the needs of fire-fighting and rescue work, the fire scene commander-in-chief has the right to decide on the following matters within the jurisdiction of the Company: 1, the use of various water sources. 2, cut off electricity, combustible gases compressed gas transportation, restrict the area of fire and electricity. 3, delineate the cordon area, the implementation of local traffic control. 4, the use of neighboring buildings and related facilities. 5, in order to prevent the spread of fire, demolition or broken than the neighboring fire buildings (structures), playing isolation zone. Emergency evacuation of the organizational procedures and measures The occurrence of major fire accidents above the unit is the first responder to emergency rescue, emergency evacuation of the work principle must adhere to the people-oriented, safety first, the organizational procedures and measures should be carried out in accordance with the following requirements. (a) the occurrence of a fire, combined with the actual fire, the correct decision-making, for different site conditions, can take the first rescue after the fire or fire rescue synchronized. (b) the fire is likely to endanger the safety of the people on the scene, the incident unit of fire safety responsible person or post fire safety responsible person should immediately designate the evacuation of the personnel to guide (shall not be less than a group of two people) to quickly organize the fire may be threatened parts of the personnel along the fire safety channel to evacuate to the safety zone. Can not walk the old, weak, sick, disabled and other special personnel to organize manpower to take the back, holding, pulling, carrying and other methods to evacuate them out, and the evacuation of the site carefully cleaned up, inspection, to prevent people left behind at the scene of the accident. (c) people trapped in the smoke and flames of the building for a moment can not be evacuated outward, should immediately use the speaker to the trapped personnel shouting to stabilize the mood of the personnel, informed to prevent the smoke, fire and protective measures to prevent the fire from running into, and warned the trapped personnel in the case of necessity do not rush to escape in order to prevent the occurrence of accidental injuries. If there are wall hydrants and other fire extinguishing equipment, the use of fire equipment should be unconditionally subordinate to the evacuation needs. Volunteer firefighters as soon as possible to use the water gun (fog water is most appropriate) and other fire extinguishing equipment, to open up an evacuation channel, the trapped people evacuated. A moment can not be evacuated, should be trapped people transferred to the refuge room or no smoke, fire safer areas, quickly send out a distress signal waiting for rescue. (d) need to cross the burning area, volunteer firefighters should be soaked clothes, bedding will be rescued and their own head, face cover, the use of water gun cover quickly evacuate the fire. Encountered smoke, flames and heat radiation and no water environment, volunteer firefighters and the rescued should take a low position or crawl through. (e) fire conditions allow, the evacuation guide should carefully search the evacuation area to prevent people left behind.
The following is based on the principle of combustion to introduce some of the methods to extinguish the initial fire:
(a) Cooling fire extinguishing method
will be the extinguishing agent directly sprayed on the combustible material, so that the temperature of the combustible material is reduced to below the point of spontaneous combustion, so as to Make the burning stop. The main role of water to fight fires is to cool the fire. General material fire, can be cooled with water to extinguish the fire.
On the fire, in addition to the cooling method to directly extinguish the fire, but also often use water to cool the combustible material has not yet burned, to prevent it from reaching the ignition point and fire; water can also be used to cool the building components, production equipment or containers, in order to prevent their heat deformation or explosion.
(B) isolation of the fire method
combustible material is one of the most important conditions of combustion conditions, if the combustible material and ignition source or air isolation, then the combustion reaction will be automatically suspended. Such as: the method of spraying extinguishing agent, the combustible with air and heat isolation, with foam extinguishing agent to produce foam covered in burning liquid or solid surface, in the cooling effect at the same time, the combustible with the flame and air isolation, etc., are all part of the isolation of the fire extinguishing method.
Many specific measures to take isolation fire. For example, the source of the fire near the flammable and explosive substances transferred to a safe place; close the valve on the equipment or pipeline to prevent combustible gases and liquids into the combustion zone; exclude the production equipment, containers of combustible gases and liquids, blocking, evacuation of combustible liquids or diffusion of combustible gases; demolition of combustible structures adjacent to the source of the fire, the formation of a space to stop the spread of the fire zone, and so on.
(C) asphyxiation method
Combustible substances in the absence of air or oxygen in the air is less than 14% of the conditions can not burn. The so-called asphyxiation method is to isolate the air supply of the burning material. Therefore, take appropriate measures to prevent air from entering the combustion zone, or inert gas to dilute the oxygen content of the air, so that the burning material lacks or cut off the oxygen and extinguished, suitable for fighting closed space, production equipment
installations and containers within the fire.
The use of asphyxiation to extinguish fires on the fire scene, you can use asbestos, wet sacks, wet quilts, sand, foam and other non-combustible or flammable materials to cover the combustion or closure of the holes; with water vapor, inert gases (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.) filled with combustion areas; the use of the original door on the building and the production of storage and transportation equipment on the part of the closure of the combustion area to prevent the air from entering. In addition, when no other means of combating the fire can be taken, the fire will be stopped. In addition, in the inability to take other methods of fighting and conditions allow the case, can be used to flood (irrigation) method of fighting. However, in taking the asphyxiation method to extinguish the fire, must pay attention to the following points:
1. burning parts are small, easy to block closed, no oxidizer in the burning area, suitable for taking this method.
2. When taking the method of flooding or filling with water to extinguish the fire, it is necessary to take into account the adverse consequences that can be produced after the fire material is flooded with water.
3. After taking the asphyxiation method to extinguish the fire, it must be confirmed that the fire has been extinguished before opening the hole for inspection. Strictly prevent the premature opening of the closed space or production unit, and the air to enter, resulting in re-ignition or explosion.
4. The use of inert gases to extinguish fires, be sure to fill a large number of inert gases into the combustion zone, quickly reduce the oxygen content in the air to achieve the purpose of asphyxiation.
(D) inhibit the fire method
The chemical extinguishing agent will be sprayed into the combustion zone to participate in the combustion reaction, aborting the chain reaction and make the combustion reaction stop. This method can be used to use the extinguishing agent has dry powder and halogenated alkane extinguishing agent. When extinguishing the fire, a sufficient number of 'extinguishing agent accurately sprayed into the combustion zone, so that the extinguishing agent to block the combustion reaction, but also to take cooling measures to prevent re-ignition.
(E) to stop the spread of fire
For the small area of the house with good conditions of confinement, when a fire occurs indoors, close the doors and windows to prevent the entry of fresh air before making preparations to extinguish the fire.
Rooms adjoining the burning building should close the windows and doors adjacent to the burning room. Where possible, water should also be poured on the windows.
Which fire extinguishing methods on the fire, should be based on the nature of the burning material, combustion characteristics and the specific conditions of the fire, as well as based on the performance of fire-fighting equipment and equipment to choose
The procedures and measures to fight the initial fire3First, the initial fire extinguishing procedures
1) first control, then eliminate the fire for the can not be Immediately extinguish the fire to first control the spread and expansion of the fire, and then on this basis in one fell swoop to eliminate the fire. For example, gas pipeline fire, to quickly close the valve, cut off the gas source, plug the loophole, to prevent the spread of gas, while protecting other facilities threatened by the fire;
When a fire at one end of the building to the other end of the spread of the fire, it should be appropriate to control from the middle of the part. First control, after the elimination of the fire fighting process is closely linked, can not be separated. Especially for fighting the initial fire, control the development of the fire and eliminate the fire, the two have no fundamental boundaries, almost at the same time. Should be based on the fire situation and their own power to flexibly utilize this principle.
2) save more than fire when the fire is surrounded by fire, the first thing to do is to save people from the fire, that is, save more than fire. The actual operation of the disaster, according to the personnel and fire situation, rescue and fire at the same time, but never because of the fire and miss the opportunity to save people.
3) first focus, after the general in the fight against the incipient fire, to fully understand and analyze the fire situation, to distinguish between key and general. Very often, in the fire, the focus and general is relative, in general, to distinguish the following situations: people over things; valuable materials over general materials;
The rapid spread of fire in the area over the slow spread of fire in the area; there is an explosion, poisonous, the collapse of the danger of the area over the lack of these dangers; fire downwind over the fire on the direction of the wind; flammable, flammable concentration of the area over the lesser area; to have a good understanding of the situation and analyze the situation, to distinguish between the focus and general. The area with fewer items; vital parts than non-vital parts.
4) fast, accurate, coordinated operation of the fire more quickly, the more accurately close to the fire early fire, the more conducive to the spread of the fire before the expansion of the control of the fire, eliminate the fire. Coordination refers to see all organizations fighting fires, personal collaboration between each other, closely cooperate with the action.
Second, the basic fighting method of the initial fire
1) isolation method of removing the fire and the fire connected to the combustible, flammable buildings; or water curtains to form a fire to prevent the spread of the isolation zone, the combustion zone and the unburned area separated. Under the premise of ensuring safety, the fire equipment or containers within the combustible, flammable liquid, gas emissions, drainage, transfer to a safe area.
2) cooling method using water guns, fire extinguishers, etc., water and other extinguishing agents will be sprayed to the burning area, the direct effect of the burning material to make it cooled and extinguished; coolant will be sprayed to the burning material adjacent to the other combustible material has not yet been burned or cooled on the building in order to prevent the spread of the fire.
water cooling building components, production equipment or containers to prevent heat deformation or explosion. 3) asphyxiation fire extinguishing method with wet quilts, wet sacks, cotton blankets and other non-combustible or flame-retardant substances covered in the burning material surface; the more airtight room fire, blocking the burning area of all the doors and windows, holes, preventing air and other combustion aids to enter, to be consumed by the oxygen to make it go out on its own.