The spacecraft consists of an orbital module, a return module, a propulsion module and an additional section, with a total length of 8,860 mm and a total weight of 7,840 kg. The spacecraft's manual control function and the environmental control and life-support sub-systems provide a guarantee of the astronauts' safety.
The spacecraft was launched by a Long March-2f carrier rocket into an initial orbit with a perigee of 200km, an apogee of 350km and an inclination of 42.4°, and then entered a circular orbit of 343km after the implementation of orbit change. The spacecraft circled the Earth 14 times and then landed in a predetermined area.
The manned space flight of Shenzhou-5 realized the millennium wish of the Chinese nation to fly to the sky, and is a high degree of cohesion of the wisdom and spirit of the Chinese nation, and is a new milestone for China's space industry in the new century. Shenzhou-5
Launch time: 9:00 p.m. on October 15, 2003
Launching rocket: the new Long March 2F strapped rocket, this is the 71st flight of the Long March series of carrier rockets, and the 29th consecutive success of China's space launches since October 1996, the launch of the spacecraft.
Flight time for the spacecraft to enter orbit: At 9:10 a.m., the ship and rocket separated, and the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft entered the intended orbit accurately.
Return time: 6:28 p.m. on Oct. 16, 2003
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing site: Amu Gulang Grassland area in central Inner Mongolia
Flight time/laps: 21 hours/14 laps
Package: In addition to China's first person to fly, Yang Liwei, the "Shenzhou" V manned spacecraft entered orbit. "Shenzhou" No. 5 manned spacecraft return capsule also carries a special significance of the Chinese flag, a Beijing 2008 Olympic Games emblem flag, a United Nations flag, the main coin sample of the Renminbi, China's first manned spaceflight commemorative stamps, China's manned space project commemorative cover and from the motherland island of Taiwan's crop seeds and so on.
The
EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS: Shenzhou 5 will try to minimize the number of experimental projects and instruments in the cabin to make more space for astronauts to move around and carry out scientific observation missions, and it can be said that the mission this time around will mainly be to examine the astronauts' adaptability in the space environment.
New technology applications: For the first time, an automatic fault detection system and an escape system have been added. Hundreds of failure modes are set up in them, with an immediate automatic alarm in case of danger. Even after the spacecraft has been in the air for some time, it can get out of danger by escaping the rocket.
Edit Shenzhou VI
Shenzhou VI Launch Launch Time: Oct. 12, 2005, 9:0:0 p.m.
Launch Rocket: Shenzhou - Long March 2F Launch Vehicle
The flight time required for the spacecraft to enter the orbit: 584 seconds
Return Time: Oct. 17, 2005, 4:32 a.m.
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing site: Siziwang Grassland Autumn Rhythm
Flight time/laps: 115 hours and 32 minutes/flight 77 laps
Passenger items: *** There are 8 categories of 64 types of passenger items, including Hong Kong Jinlilai, Cha's Group and other well-known corporate logos, the biological strains of bacteria, plant histocultured seedlings, and crops and plants, flower seeds are used for space breeding experiments. At the opening ceremony, six special "passengers" had the opportunity to make a wonderful appearance, which were the Chinese flag used during the polar expedition, the five-ringed flag of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the flag of the Shanghai World Expo, the centennial special issue of the Declaration, the painting and calligraphy "Six Cycles", and 10 pieces of space paintings by young pioneers. Shenzhou VI return capsule also carries the "I write a letter to the 'Shenzhou' No. 6 astronauts essay activities" the special prize essay, *** and the country marshal special stamps and Shenzhou VI personalized stamps and other stamps, as well as calligraphy and painting works of celebrities, and so on.
Technical applications: There are very many types of spaceships, but the most commonly used is the satellite manned spaceship. This type of airship flies like a satellite in a near-Earth orbit a few hundred kilometers above the ground at an altitude of about 300 kilometers. There are single-cabin, double-cabin and triple-cabin spaceships, and at present, the spaceships of mature international spacefaring countries are all triple-cabin, and Shenzhou VI is a triple-cabin spaceship, which shows that China's spaceflight technology has initially reached the international level.
Shenzhou VI spacecraft has the following characteristics: firstly, it is a high starting point, the spacecraft has the ability to carry three astronauts;
secondly, it is a multi-purpose ship, after the return of the astronauts, the orbital silo can be used as a satellite for half a year in an unmanned state, and can even be used for a rendezvous and docking experiments in the future; thirdly, it is the large diameter of the return capsule, the diameter of Russia's is 2.2 meters, China's is 2.5 meters. Our country's is 2.5 meters. Finally, the return of the spacecraft is very safe, and comprehensive tests have been conducted in this regard. Overall, the technical progress of the Shenzhou VI spacecraft is huge.
Technological progress is mainly reflected in: first, the field of new materials, it is reported that in recent years China has made progress in the field of new materials, there are more than 2,000 kinds of aerospace from the field; second is the field of telecommunication, there are advances in the field of hardware equipment, there are advances in the field of software, for example, the coding technology ensures that the quality of the voice and the clarity of the image; third is the image technology, the technology can be used in the military field, can also be used in the civilian field. The fourth is special food, and the development of food for astronauts is very complicated; the fifth is special textile materials, and space suits are a system that is the crystallization of high technology; the sixth is the progress of electronic control systems, and the spacecraft is a complex system that involves a variety of complex sub-systems, and all the systems need to be controlled by electronic control systems; and the seventh is the progress of biomedical systems, and the human spaceflight and unmanned spaceflight are essentially the same as the human spaceflight, and the human spaceflight is the same. Spaceflight and unmanned spaceflight are fundamentally different, and the complexity and reliability of the systems are very different. The success of Shenzhou VI shows that China's related biomedicine has made great progress.
The Shenzhou VI spacecraft is still a three-compartment structure with a propulsion module, a return module and an orbital module, and the entire ship's shape and structure are the same as the original one, with its weight basically remaining at about 8 tons. After entering the orbit, the spacecraft will first run on an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 200 kilometers and an apogee of 350 kilometers for 5 laps, and then change the orbit to a circular orbit 343 kilometers away from the ground, and it will take 90 minutes to fly around the earth, and the flight track will be a sinusoidal curve that is constantly shifted eastward when it is projected onto the ground. The orbital characteristics are the same as those of Shenzhou V.
Since there is no rendezvous and docking mission on this flight, Shenzhou VI has canceled the additional segment used for this function. In addition, more than 40 pieces of equipment and six pieces of software have been newly added to the spacecraft, bringing it to more than 600 pieces of equipment, 82 pieces of software, and more than 100,000 components.
Shenzhou VI's improvements can be roughly summarized in four areas:
I. Improvements centered around the two-man, multi-day mission. First, a sufficient or even surplus amount of astronaut consumables, including food, water and sleeping bags, were prepared. Food cabinets were placed in the orbital module, which was previously in a vacant state. Astronaut water was prepared both in tanks and in individual soft packs, based on one and a half warmers per person per day. Second, the environmental control of the cockpit was improved. One person exhales nearly a liter of water a day. Shenzhou VI has improved its ability to condense water vapor, enlarged the condensate tank, and plastered all exposed piping with water-absorbent materials to ensure that the spacecraft's humidity is controlled at less than 80 percent. Oxygen, temperature and humidity in the cabin can be automatically sensed and adjusted.
Second, the orbital module has been improved in terms of function and use. A lot of necessities for astronauts' life have been placed, such as food heating devices and tableware. There is a sleeping bag hanging in the orbital module for two astronauts to take turns resting. Under weightlessness, a person can actually float in the air and sleep, but considering the habits that people have developed on the ground, the sleeping bag is used to artificially create a feeling of "bed", otherwise the astronauts may have the illusion of falling into the abyss when they sleep. The orbital module also has a special cleaning supplies cabinet, astronauts can use the wipes and other items for cleaning. The urine and feces collection device was also used for the first time this time.
Third, improvements to enhance astronaut safety. The astronauts' chairs in the return capsule are designed with a landing cushion function, which is designed to ensure the safety of the astronauts in case of a failure of the thrust reverser rocket. Shenzhou V spacecraft, only Yang Liwei riding in the chair with landing buffer function, and there is a small defect, is to return to the chair before lifting the astronauts difficult to see the situation outside the porthole. Shenzhou VI has redesigned the buffer and combined it with the whole ship for repeated tests, and the three tests thrown down from high towers and airplanes have been successful each time. The hatch between the return module and the orbital module will threaten the safety of the astronauts if it is not closed tightly when returning. Three Russian astronauts have died as a result. Shenzhou VI researchers successfully developed a rapid automatic detection device for hatch closure, and spent months developing a special rag, which does not produce fibers, static electricity, or odors, and is specifically designed to clean the hatch.
Four, continuous improvement. China's manned spaceflight project was officially launched in 1992, and 13 years have passed since then, some of the components and raw materials initially used on the spacecraft are no longer in production, and individual technologies have become slightly outdated. Shenzhou VI has made some daily continuous improvements. For example, the "black box" on Shenzhou I to V was developed in 1994, with a storage capacity of only 10 megabytes. Now the black box is not only 100 times larger than the original storage capacity, and data writing and reading speed has increased by more than 10 times, but the volume is less than half of the original.
Edit Shenzhou VII
"Shenzhou VII" successfully lifted off at 21:10:04 on September 25, 2008
Shenzhou VII launched "Shenzhou V" and "Shenzhou VI". "Launch time are in mid to late October, while the launch of Shenzhou VII will be advanced to the end of September liftoff. Relevant experts revealed that September and October are more suitable for the launch window, but because the "Shenzhou" will perform spacewalk tasks, the end of September when the lift-off angle of the sun is more suitable for astronauts out of the capsule activities, can make the spacecraft in the shortest possible time to see the sun, to ensure that the astronauts out of the capsule when the operation of the sun.
The best meteorological conditions for the launch of manned spaceflight mainly include: no precipitation, ground wind speed of less than 8 meters per second, horizontal visibility greater than 20 kilometers; 8 hours before the launch to 1 hour after the launch, the field area of 30 kilometers to 40 kilometers within the scope of no thunder and lightning activities; ship and arrow launches through the airspace of 3 kilometers to 18 kilometers of the maximum wind speed at altitude of less than 70 meters per second, and in addition to the launch of the first and second 9 hours can not have lightning and thunder.
Huang Chunping said that whether the launch can take place as scheduled mainly depends on the weather and other conditions at the launch site at that time. Light rain and temperature generally do not affect the normal launch of the spacecraft, but high winds may cause the launch to be delayed because wind speeds exceeding the rocket's capacity will likely change its flight direction.
Huang Chunping also disclosed that the astronauts' spacewalk will take place right after the spacecraft enters orbit and orbits the Earth more than five times.
"Shenzhou" search and rescue after landing
"Shenzhou" return capsule Inner Mongolia main landing site medical rescue team leader, the People's Liberation Army No. 306 hospital president Zou Dewei said, "Shenzhou" and "Shenzhou" are the same as "Shenzhou", but the "Shenzhou" is not the same as "Shenzhou".
The PLA's 306th Hospital has been serving as the main landing site for China's manned spaceflight astronauts' medical rescue mission during the "Shenzhou 5" and "Shenzhou 6" periods. 306th Hospital's expert medical team for the "Shenzhou 7" mission was sent to the main landing site on August 29th to provide medical support. On August 29, the 306 Hospital's expert medical team for the "Shenzhou VII" mission went to Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia. At present, this medical rescue team, which consists of 16 top experts, is conducting medical rescue drills near the main landing site.
Additionally, the biggest difference between the medical rescue of the main landing site of Shenzhou-7 and Shenzhou-5 and Shenzhou-6 is that the air search and rescue platform composed of helicopters will be the main one, instead of using the ground platform. The most important difference between the "Shen5" and "Shen6" is that the air search and rescue platform composed of helicopters will be used as the main platform, and no longer use the ground platform.
According to President Zou's introduction, the main landing site of Shenzhou-7 near Siziwangqi in Inner Mongolia is a latitude and longitude coordinate range of more than 100 kilometers long and 80 kilometers wide with the theoretical landing point as the center. If ground vehicles are used for search and rescue, the speed will be relatively slow, so the search and rescue mission of "Shenzhou VII" will be mainly accomplished by helicopters. This year, the implementation of search and rescue, medical mission of the helicopter has more than 10, in addition to the command aircraft, there are six as the search and rescue mission, one as the medical supervision and medical insurance tasks, while the medical ambulance team will use three helicopters.
Academician Qi Fahrenheit believes that people in the sky is not tourism, is to complete the research, development and utilization of the space environment. Previously, Yang Liwei just the first step to try, to complete this task must be more people more days, let's say to go to assemble a space station or repair a satellite, people have to come out of the cabin, out of the cabin at least two people. Later to go to the space station to take the transportation vehicle to go to the space station to docking, open the door after the people inside to pick up out. From abroad, they spent a lot of tests to do this thing, and now according to our plan, "God seven" hope that people can go out of the cabin, the people called space walking. "Of course, how far away from the capsule? Can also be a little closer, can also be a little farther away." Academician Qi Fahrenheit said that the next step in our country is to solve the rendezvous and docking, rendezvous and docking at least three people. So our spacecraft should have this ability: three people in the sky for seven days, go up with 300 kilograms of stuff, come back with a hundred kilograms of stuff. If this time is very successful, there is no need to try two more people for more than one day, then we will go out of the capsule next time. Academician Qi bremsstrahlung believes that the "Shenzhou VII" which is going to leave the capsule must solve two big problems on the basis of Shenzhou VI. Now the astronauts have a sealed capsule in which they wear space suits. When they leave the capsule, there is no more air, so the space suit itself must be able to supply oxygen. The second is that when there is no temperature control, the space suit can ensure his normal temperature, so this space suit is equivalent to a small sealed cabin, this aspect is quite complicated. More advanced space suits can also be installed on the engine, a little fire on the go, equivalent to a small spaceship, to get out of the cabin to have these conditions. Academician Qi Fahrenheit said that in the future we have to have an airlock cabin on board, people wear space suits into the door, close the door, open the door outside to go out, if you open the door to the gas will be released, so there is an airlock cabin. "I'm just talking about the two main ones, as astronauts have an extravehicular space suit, as our spacecraft to speak, there has to be an airlock compartment, to ensure that the original cabin to ensure that there is an atmospheric pressure."
Edit Shenzhou spacecraft composition
Orbital module: "multi-purpose hall"
"Shenzhou" spacecraft orbital module is a cylinder, the total length of 2.8 meters, the maximum diameter of 2.25 meters, one end and the return module connected, the other end and the Return module connected to the other end of the space docking institutions connected. The reason why the orbital module of "Shen6" is called "multi-functional hall" is because the two astronauts have to enter the return module in addition to the lift-off and return, and other times are in the orbital module. The orbital module set work, eat, sleep, wash and convenience and many other functions in one.
Escape Tower: Keeping the spacecraft "safe"
Escape Lifeguard Tower: Located at the very front of the spacecraft, it is 8 meters high. It is actually a small launch vehicle composed of a series of rocket engines. During the period from 900 seconds before to 160 seconds after takeoff of the rocket carrying the spacecraft,? Rocket running distance in 0 to 100 kilometers, once an emergency occurs, this life-saving tower will start in an emergency, tugging the "Shenzhou VI" spacecraft return capsule and orbital module and the rocket separation, quickly escape from danger, and the use of parachutes to land in a safe area.
Retaining orbital module: the astronauts' "home"
Orbital module: also called the work module. Its shape is a cylinder with conical angles at both ends, and it is the astronauts' "space bedroom" and "work room". It also has two functions of astronauts' living module and orbital experiment module, so it is also called orbital module. Inside the orbital module, there are many kinds of experimental equipment and experimental instruments, which can be used for earth observation, and both sides of the module are equipped with retractable large-scale solar cell wings, solar sensitizers and various antennas, as well as various docking structures, which are used for converting solar energy into the energy source of the spacecraft, and communicating with the ground, and so on. As the astronauts' "space bedroom", the orbital module's environment is very comfortable, and the temperature inside the module is generally between 17 and 25 degrees Celsius.
Return capsule: astronauts' "cab"
Return capsule: also known as cockpit, it is the astronauts' "cab". It is the cabin section where astronauts ride when traveling to and from space, and is a closed structure with a hatch at the front end. "After Shenzhou VI completes its flight around the earth, the two astronauts will return to the earth in the return capsule.
Propulsion module:
Also known as the instrument module. It is usually equipped with a propulsion system, power supply, orbital braking, and oxygen and water for the astronauts. The propulsion module is also equipped with a main solar cell sail wing with an area of more than 20 square meters on both sides.
Launch date:
The Shenzhou VII spacecraft will be launched on Sept. 25, 2008 for flight.
Edit segment description
Orbital module
Size: 2.8 meters long, 2.2 meters in diameter.
The shape of the orbital module of Shenzhou spacecraft is cylindrical. In order to make the orbital module in the stage of solo flight can get electricity, the two sides of the orbital module installed solar cell wings, each solar wing removed triangular part of the area of 2.0 × 3.4 meters, the orbital module free flight, it can be more than 0.5 kilowatts of electricity provided by it. Orbital module aft there are four groups of small propulsion engine, each group of four, for the spacecraft to provide auxiliary thrust and orbital module separation after the ability to continue to maintain orbital movement; orbital module side near the return module part of a circular hatch, for astronauts in and out of the orbital module to provide access to the hatch, however, the hatch to the most to the diameter of only 65 centimeters, only the body of dexterity, specially trained people can go in and out of the free. Above the hatch is an observation window for the orbital module.
The orbital module is the place where astronauts work and live after the spacecraft enters orbit. In addition to food, drinking water, urine and feces collectors and other living devices, there are instruments and equipment for space applications and scientific experiments.
After the return capsule returns, the orbital module, which is equivalent to an earth observation satellite or a space laboratory, will remain in orbit for about half a year. The utilization of the orbital module is a major feature of the Chinese spacecraft, while the orbital modules of the Russian and U.S. spacecraft are generally discarded and not used after the separation of the module and the return module.
Return capsule
Size: 2.00 meters long, 2.40 meters in diameter (excluding the heat shield).
The return capsule of the Shenzhou spacecraft is bell-shaped, with a hatch to the orbital module. The command and control center of the return capsule-type spacecraft is equipped with seats for three astronauts to recline, **** astronauts takeoff, ascent and return phase ride. Below the front of the seats are instrument panels, hand-operated joysticks and optical scopes, which indicate the status of the spacecraft's upper system machinery and equipment. The astronauts use these instruments to monitor and, if necessary, control the operation of the systems and equipment on board. The orbital module and the return module are both airtight segments with environmental control and life-support systems to ensure that the module is filled with a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gases at atmospheric pressure and that the temperature and humidity are adjusted to the appropriate range for the human body, ensuring the safety of the astronauts throughout the mission.
Additionally, the capsule is also fitted with two parachutes, one main and one backup, for landing. Shenzhou good spacecraft return capsule side wall opened two round windows, one for astronauts to observe the scene outside the window, another **** astronauts operating optical scope to observe the ground driving spacecraft. The base of the return capsule is a metal frame-layer sealed structure on which the instrumentation of the return capsule is mounted. The base is lightweight and very strong to protect the return capsule from being burned by the hot atmosphere when it returns to the ground and enters the atmosphere.
Propulsion module
Size: 3.05 meters long, 2.50 meters in diameter, 2.80 meters in diameter at the bottom
Shenzhou's propulsion module, also known as the equipment module, which is cylindrical in shape, the internal loading of propulsion engines and propellants for the propulsion system to provide the spacecraft with the necessary power to adjust the attitude and orbit as well as braking and decelerating, and the power supply, environmental control and communications systems, such as part of the equipment. The equipment is also part of the power supply, environmental control and communication systems. There are a pair of solar wings on each side, and excluding the triangular part, the solar wings have an area of 2.0 x 7.5 meters. Together with the battery wings of the front orbital module, they will generate three times as much power as the Soyuz, averaging more than 1.5 kilowatts, almost as much as the power supplied by the power supply of the Fukan AX New Wave car. In addition to the large amount of power provided by these battery wings, it can also rotate around the connection point, so that no matter how the spacecraft moves, it can always maintain the optimal direction to obtain the maximum power, eliminating the need to "warp to the sun" to carry out a large number of maneuvers, which can ensure that the solar arrays of solar orientation at the same time for the spacecraft to the earth's This allows the solar array to be oriented to the sun while the spacecraft conducts uninterrupted observation of the earth.
At the rear of the equipment bay is the ship's propulsion system. The main propulsion system consists of four large main engines, which are centered in the bottom of the propulsion module. In the side skirt of the propulsion module are arranged around 4 pairs of small propellers for attitude correction, they are small compared with the main propulsion, and other auxiliary propulsion than they can be much larger. There are also small auxiliary thrusters outside the side skirts of the propulsion module.
Additional segment
The additional segment, also called the transition segment, is used to prepare for future rendezvous and docking with another spacecraft or space station. It can also be used to install various instruments for space exploration before manned flight and rendezvous and docking.
There is no official description of the equipment in the additional segment at this stage, but some industry insiders have made bold speculations, such as: one of the half-ring-shaped devices is presumed to be used for installing square instrumentation. And the three 0.4-meter probes that are perpendicular to each other and can be extended are speculated to be possibly part of the navigation system or part of the docking system. This is because a similar device was used for docking on the U.S. Apollo spacecraft. The front of Shenzhou's orbital module may be equipped with a Russian-style docking system. But these devices may only be an experimental type, and will certainly be replaced by a new docking system in future missions to dock with the space station.