Problems of Fire Safety Hazards in High-Rise Buildings and Response Strategies Essay
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Abstract:
With the development process of urbanization, high-rise buildings show a booming trend, in order to alleviate the pressure of traffic congestion, as well as to bring convenience to the people travel, the height of the building is getting higher and higher, and in the construction of high-rise buildings construction of building safety hazards problem is a common concern at present Hot issues. In order to better solve this problem, this paper will organize the high-rise building safety hazards, analyze the specific measures to solve such problems for reference.
Keywords:
Building; Problems; Fire Protection Design;
Introduction:
At present, with the drastic increase in the number of urban populations, the population density continues to increase, the emergence of high-rise buildings cater to the needs of the times, to solve the problem of urban land use. The problem of urban land use. However, the fire problem caused by high-rise buildings is also rising year by year, which, to a certain extent, hinders the healthy development of the city and negatively affects the safety of people's lives and properties. Therefore, how to take effective measures to reduce the frequency of fire is the key to preventing building fire hazards.
I. High-rise building fire safety hidden problems
(a) population density, personnel evacuation has a certain degree of difficulty
In the design of high-rise building construction, due to the high building height, so the number of residential users is also higher, if you encounter a fire problem, and now The first time to realize the evacuation of personnel is more difficult. The main reason is not only the number of people, but also the evacuation distance is relatively far, if you want to quickly send people to the safe area is more difficult. Through relevant research studies show that in the relevant fire brigade test, experienced firefighters if you want to be 150 meters from the ground to the ground at high altitude to the time of up to 15 minutes. While the smoke and fire spread and spread very quickly, while the process of evacuation and smoke and fire propagation direction is opposed to each other, which also brings some difficulty to the evacuation of personnel [1].
(b) the number of tube wells, easy to cause the chimney effect
The common high-rise building construction, the decorative materials used have certain flammable and explosive properties, when the fire, it is very easy to spread the speed of the tube through the well, such as stairway, exhaust ducts, elevator shafts, etc., which are prone to the chimney effect of the tube, the construction of the fire to bring difficulty.
(C) the impact of high-rise building structural factors
From the structure of high-rise buildings, it is more complex compared to the general building, therefore, the difficulty of rescue is relatively large. Especially in recent years, glass curtain wall in high-rise building construction of universal application and promotion, to the building of fire safety has brought great impact. If the fire comes, the glass curtain wall due to collision or high temperature produces broken phenomenon, it is easy to bring serious danger to the people in the building, and at the same time the increase in the glass curtain wall to the building of the fire water supply has brought difficulties.
(D) fire fighting difficulty
High-rise buildings in the face of fire risk, the firefighting team applied fire extinguishers often can not be sent to the building fire height, which brings great difficulty to the fire fighting. Fire scene of high heat radiation smoke can spread rapidly, while the high air circulation faster, firefighters are difficult to cut off the source of the fire in a timely manner, when the fire spreads faster, the building's water supply will be difficult to meet the actual needs of the fire trucks through the outdoor supply of fire extinguishing, and fire fighting the degree of pressure resistance of the water is often unable to be sent to meet the need for high-rise buildings to extinguish the fire. At this time, if the high-rise building is not installed fire elevator, the fire brigade will have to wear protective masks, take the way from the walking ladder to extinguish the fire, not only consume a lot of physical strength, but also with the formation of convection inside the building evacuees to delay the fire time [2], so that the fire brigade can not arrive at the scene of the fire first fire extinguishing.
(E) the function of high-rise buildings is relatively complex
From the function of high-rise buildings, in order to meet the growing functional needs of the people, the building function has been gradually to the complexity of the trend of the development of more electrical components and equipment, which in turn increases the chances of fire, especially when encountering improper management of the problem, it is very easy to cause a fire. In particular, those larger integrated high-rise buildings, once the fire, the consequences are unimaginable.
Second, how to effectively solve the problem of hidden safety hazards of high-rise buildings
(a) do a good job in the construction phase of the fire prevention design
The structure of the high-rise building is relatively complex, so in the design stage of the building, especially pay attention to the building of the fire problem. First of all, in the design process to strengthen the review of construction drawings and responsibility for the delineation and the establishment of a mechanism to ensure that the construction design is consistent with the requirements of the relevant fire protection system. At the same time, as the fire security department also do a good job of high-rise building fire construction acceptance and audit, focus on the audit content to comply with the relevant fire protection system to carry out, for the developers and construction of individual tampering with the content of the construction design of the fire 'behavior to be severely punished. In addition, in the choice of building materials to strengthen the attention, such as the use of the wall should have strengthened fire performance, and then enhance the overall fire performance of the building, when the fire occurs, will not lead to the building of personnel due to too much panic, missed the opportunity to escape. At the same time in the escape channel elevator settings should also control the overall safety, to ensure the smooth escape of personnel [3].
(B) the formation of fire self-help organizations
In the event of a fire in the building, if you want to successfully achieve the evacuation of people inside the building, relying on the fire brigade alone to help is obviously impractical. Therefore, to do a good job in the event of fire self-help program development, in the specific program development should refer to the relevant provisions. First of all, taking into account the height of the building to develop an exclusive fire design program, the content should be based on the implementation of the relevant fire safety design regulations, as long as the content of the regulations are in line with the content, can be adopted and reference. At the same time can also refer to other high-rise building fire design program to develop their own programs. Secondly, should be combined by the building residents and property to establish a fire emergency response team, in the event of a fire, to help people in the building for self-help, and at the same time, because of its better understanding of the structure of the building and the terrain, but also in the fire brigade rushed to help the firefighters on the scene of the rescue.
(C) fire design
In the high-rise building construction design, the spatial distance between the buildings has clear provisions, which plays a vital role in enhancing the fire performance of high-rise buildings. When a separate building fire, will not affect the surrounding other buildings, but also for their own internal personnel to facilitate the evacuation. Because high-rise buildings are mainly concentrated in the city streets in busy areas, often more convenient transportation, which requires that in the process of building construction, but also pay attention to the surrounding lanes of the fire design, which is not to be ignored. Secondly, in the event of fire, to remain calm, the building can be triaged, in the fire is not too serious, preferred elevator for evacuation, because the evacuation speed of the elevator is higher than the staircase, so in the fire spread speed is not high, you can use the elevator. In addition, the top of the high-rise building is also the main place to evacuate people, the roof can be used as the main place for helicopter rescue [4].
(D) fire lighting and evacuation signage design
When the fire comes, there is often a power outage phenomenon, which to a certain extent to the evacuation of high-rise buildings to bring difficulties, therefore, the requirements of the high-rise building fire prevention design, pay attention to interspersed with specialized lighting, and the provisions of such lighting is not used on weekdays, only in the case of a fire when the light is lit. At the same time, in the fire prevention design, but also pay attention to the establishment of evacuation signage, which will play an instructive role for the evacuation of people after the power outage. And for the accident lighting and signage to play its role in the application. In the establishment should pay attention to its establishment in personnel-intensive places, such as building entrances, elevator intervals and so on. At the same time the installation of the location around the presence of other flammable products can not be, to avoid the spread of fire burned such signs and indicators. In addition, it is necessary to set up a separate power supply system to ensure the stability of its power supply.
(E) the design of the fire elevator
In the event of a fire, the source of the fire to extinguish the fire, reduce the fire, slow down the spread of the fire, reduce the damage to the main force is the fire brigade. So the speed of the fire brigade to gather and arrive at the fire scene is particularly important. The main feature of high-rise buildings is the overall height of the building is high, if only rely on ladder climbing fire rescue will obviously miss the best time to fight the fire. Therefore, the design and use of professional fire elevator is very necessary, to a certain extent, it can enhance the overall efficiency of fire fighting. In the design of such elevators, attention should be paid to the application of materials in the elevator shaft wall, to maintain the degree of fire resistance of the partition wall of the machine room should be not less than two hours, and set up the smoke exhaust system at the top of the shaft [5].
(F) the development of fire prevention system
In addition to the above design points, we should also do a good job in the design of fire prevention system. And by the building's property authorities to the owners of high-rise buildings on a regular basis to popularize and educate the knowledge of fire prevention. The specific system should include how to correctly use electrical appliances and fire sources, how to avoid fire hazards, when the fire comes, what qualities should have, how to correctly escape and wait for rescue and so on. At the same time, but also for regular fire management, for the building of the existing fire supplies and facilities for testing and inspection, to ensure the integrity and reliability of the facilities. In addition to some residential high-rise buildings, some comprehensive commercial building stairs, such as superstores, department stores and other large buildings also need to strengthen the fire design, such as through the installation of fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, smoke alarms and so on. In addition, various types of food and beverage departments should also do a good job of wastewater treatment and collection, so such users of sewage wastewater, the content of oil and grease is high, it is very easy to cause a fire, so it is particularly important to deal with such wastewater work, should be avoided to avoid this kind of wastewater close to the wastewater, to enhance the comprehensive high-rise building staircase of the fire fighting ability.
(G) the design of the automatic alarm system
The total number of households in high-rise buildings is large, and the types are different. There are home-based, commercial, catering, office and so on, if you want to know the first time the status of the fire, it is necessary to install an automatic alarm system. This is the most basic part of the fire safety setup for high-rise buildings. Therefore, should be equipped with specialized personnel to carry out maintenance of the alarm system, in case of fire, the alarm system can play its due role.
(H) to improve the fire resistance of the building structure
high-rise building structure construction, according to the owners of the actual needs of the selection of appropriate structural materials. Especially for the construction of building structures with high population density, the ceiling and decorative materials used should have fire resistance and thermal insulation properties. Such as light steel keel decorative materials, at the same time in the material before entering the field should be after the fire-resistant and heat insulation test, in order to ensure that the test is qualified before being put into use, for some of the original wood structure building and some of the fire-resistant and heat insulation performance of the steel frame structure of the building, or has been put into the decorative construction of the combustible ceiling of the construction of the high-rise building, the need for alteration of the construction, which is designed to improve the fire-resistant and heat insulation performance of such buildings. Such as in the steel structure of the steel frame support coated with fire-resistant paint, or affixed with heat-insulating materials, etc., to enhance the fire performance of steel structure buildings. And then, for example, there should be fireproof coating on the wall of the emergency evacuation building room. For the decoration of some hotel rooms, curtains and bedding coverings can be wrapped with flame-proof and fire-retardant materials. And then some high-rise complex building carpet, there should be flame retardant, flame retardant materials, and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the national fire safety technical specifications for the development of building fire zoning, in the event of fire, can realize the purpose of fire separation, can be limited to reduce the spread of fire, to protect the safety of people in the building.
Third, conclusion
In short, if a fire occurs in a high-rise building, it spreads very quickly and is difficult to evacuate, threatening the personal safety of the occupants. Therefore, should be controlled from the source, strengthen the construction design aspects of the fire design function, enhance the fire resistance of the building structure, and organize the building staff to carry out fire self-help, when the fire occurs to avoid panic, according to the direction of the indicator signs and lighting to find the correct escape route, enhance the fire fighting ability of high-rise buildings, the correct solution to the occurrence of fire hazards.
References
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[3]Liu Si Chi. Analysis of Fire Safety Hazards in High-rise Buildings and Solution Measures[J]. Fire Protection World (Electronic Edition),2020,6(18):67+69.
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