2. General situation of Japanese germ troops
Unit 73 1 is the name of Japanese germ unit. Japan has seven major germ warfare forces, namely:
Bacterial Weapons Laboratory, Army Medical College, Tokyo, Japan.
The headquarters of 659 troops of Harbin Kwantung Army, located in Harbin Pingfang District, is called 73 1 unit.
Kwantung Army 100 troops in Changchun
In Beijing, the northern branch of 1855 troops.
Zi Rong 1644 troops in Ning.
8604 troops in Guangzhou
Singapore's Gangzi 9420 troops
Bacterial Weapons Laboratory of Army Military Medical School
The Army Military Medical School, established in Tokyo, Japan, is located in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, and is called the Epidemic Prevention Laboratory.
Kwantung Army Unit 659
This headquarters is located in the Pingfang District of Harbin, and it is called the Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department of Kwantung Army. The headquarters is called 73 1 Army.
Kwantung Army 100 Force
The headquarters is located in Changchun, and it is called the Kwantung Army Animal Epidemic Prevention Department, which has jurisdiction over 2630 troops. Gao Qiao Longdu Veterinary Lieutenant General and Song Yujiro Veterinary Major General are in charge.
North branch A 1855 troops
Headquartered in the Shenle Department on the south side of the west gate of Beijing Tiantan Park. Its predecessor was the Central Epidemic Prevention Department of the Kuomintang. At that time, it was called the epidemic prevention and water supply department of North China Dispatching Army, and later it was called 15 1 Military Station Hospital.
1855 the minister of the army was Heijiang at first, and then Ju Chi. 1939, Hideki Nishimura succeeded to the throne. There are three categories:
1 class is located in xiehe medical college, engaged in the research of bacteriological (biological) warfare agents.
The second lesson is located in the south of the west gate of Tiantan Park, engaged in bacterial production. (The current address is China Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Ximen, Tiantan, Beijing)
The third class is located on the west side of Beijing Library near Beihai, which is the Institute of Bacteriological Weapons.
In addition, the team has been stationed in Jinan, Tianjin, Taiyuan, Qingdao, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Yancheng.
Zi Rong 1644 troops
The headquarters is located in Nanjing, called the East China Dispatching Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department. There are 12 detachments in Shanghai, Nanjing, Yueyang, Jingmen and Yichang.
Wave to 8604 troops
The headquarters is located in Guangzhou, and it is called the South China Dispatching Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department.
Gangzi 9420 troops
Headquartered in Singapore, it is called the Southern Ministry of Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply.
The Japanese Bacteriological Force has 5 large units and 63 small units in China.
The behavior of 73 1 troops was just one of many war crimes committed by the Japanese imperial army during its occupation of Manchuria (from 193 1 to the end of World War II 1945). During this period,150,000 China people, Koreans, Filipinos, Indonesians and Burmese civilians were killed.
3.73 1 Force Formation
The predecessor of the 73 1 Army was the Dongxiang Army founded by Shiro Ishii in Huaiyin River on the outskirts of Harbin in northeast China in 1932. The army first began to carry out human experiments that could not be carried out in Japan.
1932, Shiro Ishii led troops to build Zhongmacheng, a prison on the outskirts of Harbin. A prison riot in 1935 forced Ishii to close Zhongma City and set up new facilities in a bungalow area closer to Harbin.
Unit 673 established a bacterial test base in Sunwu County, Heihe River, including 300 buildings such as animal breeding and bacterial preparation room.
4. Activities of Module 73 1
Biopsy-A special project code-named "maruta" conducts human experiments: the subjects are taken from China residents, also called "Maruta".
Grenade test: Grenade tests are conducted by people at different distances and positions.
Frostbite test: The data of frostbite test is the data of a field frostbite test jointly conducted by professionals from the North-South Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department and the troops stationed in Mongolia, which is called "Winter Health Research Results of the troops stationed in Mongolia". The data were compiled by Dong Sheng Research Class, which was established in March of the 16th year of Showa (194 1 March).
Jin Chengmin, director of the Institute of Bacteriological and Poisonous Gas Warfare of the Japanese Invaders, was invited by Mr. Yusuke Kato, President of yokohama city university, Japan, and was appointed by the Pingfang District Government to give lectures in Japan. During his visit, he visited the libraries and archives in Kanda and other places in Tokyo many times alone or with Japanese friends, and found this well-preserved material in a reference room.
Develop defoliants and bacterial bombs
5.73 1 Force members
Captain, general Ishii Shiro
In the army, Yoshiichi Zuonaito
Dr masahiro kitano
Takezeban Shinohara Yoshio
6.73 1 Departments and Units of the Army
73 1 The troops are divided into 8 departments and 4 detachments:
Part I: Studying bubonic plague, cholera, anthrax, typhoid fever and tuberculosis in vivo. A prison with a capacity of about 300 people was built for this purpose. Major General Ju Chi, Minister of Military Medicine. In the following location:
Bonsai (virus): study viral diseases and endemic diseases. Monitor Saburo Allahara is a military doctor.
Tanaka Ban (Insect): Studying insects. Monitor Tanaka Hero Military Doctor Shaozuo
Yoshimura class (frostbite): to study effective methods for treating frostbite and aviation medicine. Monitor Yoshimura Shouren Army Technician
Gao Qiao class (plague): study plague. Monitor Gao Qiao Masahiko, military doctor Shaozuo.
Dao Jiang class (dysentery): Study dysentery and serology. Monitor [[Dao Jiang Zhenping] Army technician.
Ota class (anthrax): Studying anthrax, the monitor is Ota Cheng Jun, a military doctor.
Cooperation (cholera): study cholera. The monitor is a male army technician.
Okamoto (Pathology): Learn pathology, vivisection and autopsy. Monitor Okamoto trains an army technician.
Ishikawa Rui (Pathology): Studying pathology and making human tissue specimens. Monitor Ishikawa Taidao Xiongwan Army Technician
Neihaiban (serum): After being infected by friendly forces in germ warfare, study the serum, develop vaccines and carry out symptomatic treatment.
Tanabe class (typhoid fever): study typhoid fever. Monitor Tabege and military doctor Zhongzuo.
Ermu class (combination): study tuberculosis. Monitor Futatsugi Hideo Army Technician
Cao Weiban (Pharmacology): Study the pharmacology and chemical structure of poison. Monitor Cao Fuyao Shao Zuo
Noguchi class (typhus): study typhus.
Fei Zhiteng (anthrax): study anthrax and monitor Fei Zhiteng's promotion.
Zhaiban (anthrax): Study anthrax. Monitors are usually heavy.
In the field class (X-ray): Study other radiation such as X-rays.
Special class: responsible for the management of special secret prisons and the cultivation of experimental animals, headed by Kazuo Ishii and Miko Ishii.
The second part: Study the use of biological weapons on the battlefield, especially the equipment for spreading bacteria and parasites. Minister Akita OTA. Home kiln has a branch school, an aviation class and an Anda special experimental field.
Yagi Zeban (plant fungus): Study plant fungus. The monitor Yagi is an army technician.
Daejeon class (disinfection): squad leader Daejeon Dazuo.
Part III: Production of artillery shells containing biological warfare agents, stationed in Harbin. There are two factories at the mouth of the Yangtze River, mainly ceramic shell factory, which are used to produce "Ishii-type" ceramic bacterial bombs. There is also a transportation category.
Part IV: Production of various biological warfare agents, Minister Major General Kiyoshi Kawashima. There are four types of bacteria that produce different symptoms.
Lesson 65438
Handle Zeban: monitor of bacterial production, 13-year-old military doctor, Shaozuo.
Noguchi class: producing Yersinia pestis and anthrax. Monitor Noguchi Keiichi
Lesson 2: Study on dry bacteria and vaccines. The person in charge, Yukio Mitani.
Lesson 3: Study on Dry Bacteria and Vaccine.
Lesson 4 (Vaccine)
Vegetation: produces gas gangrene and anthrax. Ban Zhang zhi Cun Zhao
Oil field class: producing typhus and vaccines. The squad leaders are military doctors Tian Zhengfang and Shaozuo.
Asahinaban: monitor Asahina Shojiro, army technician.
Part V: Training Minister of Education Tian Yuan Taro, and then replacing Ying Jun by Xi's military doctor Nakazo. Responsible for training personnel engaged in bacteriological weapons and bacteriological warfare.
Part VI: Major General Otani, Minister of Equipment Department. Responsible for the supply of equipment and equipment.
Part VII: Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Minister Jing Daole Yongshan. Responsible for preventing bacterial infection and Japanese medical care.
Part VIII: General Affairs Department, with the minister in the middle and the assistant in the middle, followed by Cheng Jun Ota's military medical assistant. Responsible for the financial management, production planning and personnel distribution of the whole army.
In addition to the bungalow headquarters (73 1 unit), Ishii's germ unit (unit 659) has four divisions:
162 unit (Linkou detachment): Located in linkou county, the detachment leader is Lieutenant General Xi Yingjun, who was later replaced by Shao Zuo, a Hideo Sakakibara military doctor.
Unit 643 (Mudanjiang or Hailin detachment): located in Hailin town, male military doctor, with little assistant on the long tail of the detachment.
Unit 673 (Sun Wu detachment): Located in Sun Wu County, Heihe City, the detachment leader is Lieutenant General ·Xi· Yingjun, a military doctor.
Unit 543 (Hailar detachment): Located in Hailar City, the detachment leader is Kato Hengze and the military doctor is Shaozuo.
3 19 unit (Dalian Institute of Bacteriology): located in Dalian, formerly known as Health Research Institute of Nanman Railway Co., Ltd., 1939 was classified as 73 1 unit.
tool
Among the buildings open to tourists, there is a 73 1 base, which covers an area of 6 square kilometers and consists of more than 50 buildings. The facility has been carefully designed and it is difficult to be destroyed. Some peripheral facilities of 73 1 are still reserved and developed for tourists to visit.
The base includes various production facilities. There are about 4,500 containers for cultivating fleas, 6 huge boilers for producing various chemicals, and about 1800 containers for producing biological warfare agents. About 30 grams of bubonic plague can be produced in a few days.
During the whole war, dozens of tons of these biological weapons (and some chemical weapons) were stored in many places in northeast China. After the dissolution, Japan tried to destroy every piece of evidence, but in any case it failed. There's a lot of evidence left. Sometimes it still hurts civilians in China. Especially in September, 2003, 29 workers in a building in Heilongjiang inadvertently dug up the shells of chemical weapons buried underground for more than 50 years because they went to the hospital.
Disintegration and the end of World War II
Ishii wanted to use chemical weapons in May 1944 after the Pacific conflict, but his attempt was frustrated many times due to poor planning and the interference of allies. When the war was about to end, Ishii ordered the destruction of these facilities and told his men to "take the secret to the grave". In the last days of the war, his Japanese army rallied to destroy the evidence of their human experiments, including poisoning and burning 400 detained "Maruta"; And deliberately released all the animals infected with the plague.
The United States believes that these research data are of great value, because the allies have never conducted this type of human trials. At the same time, the United States does not want any other country, especially the Soviet Union, to get these data on biological weapons. Therefore, in exchange for obtaining these data, the United States will not prosecute the officers of Unit 73 1 for war crimes.
194912,731Army war criminals were tried in the War Crimes Trial Court in Berry (Khabarovsk).
Many members of the former 73 1 Army have joined Japanese medical organizations. Dr. Masaji Katano leads Green Cross, the largest pharmaceutical company in Japan. Other achievements
Member or major medical school, or work for the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare.
Politicization of historical issues
Japanese right-wing nationalist historian and Tokyo 73 1 Army Memorial Hall denied the actions of 73 1 Army, believing that it was fabricated by China's propaganda organs. At the same time, left-wing organizations have published the history of the 73 1 unit, emphasizing that the United States deliberately covered up the historical facts of the 73 1 unit in order to exchange research data of the 73 1 unit. The history of the 73 1 Army and many other World War II themes involving the 73 1 Army have been erased from many Japanese history textbooks. Some people think that this just shows that historical revisionism is a part of the mainstream thought in modern Japan, and further shows that Japan has not yet taken full responsibility for the crimes it committed in the past.
1997, 180 China people, victims of the 73 1 unit or their families filed a lawsuit with the Japanese government, demanding full disclosure of the facts of the 73 1 unit, an apology and compensation. In August, 2002, Tokyo District Court acknowledged the existence of 73 1 Force and its biological warfare, but ruled that all compensation issues had been settled in the Joint Statement of People's Republic of China (PRC) and Japanese Governments signed on September 29th, 1972.
In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed the Japanese Imperial Government Decryption Act, which declassified most of the confidential files of the U.S. government about the war crimes and war criminals committed by Japan in World War II. In 2003, this work will be completed by the Interdepartmental Working Group on Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Archives (IWG).
Cultural description and display
198 1 year, Japanese writer Seiichi Morimura published The Feast of the Devil (The Devil is Full), which was later published.
1983, the feast of the devil-the end of publishing. These two books were the first Japanese publications to expose the dark history of 73 1 Army.
China's film Black Sun 73 1 is an important film reflecting the serious crimes committed by the Japanese in China.
7. Unit 73 1 In Red Alert
73 1 Military Edition: Hidden Wind Dragon
Price: 600 (unique to Japan)
Construction conditions: laboratory
It is extremely lethal to soldiers and good for buildings. It is more practical to put a few in the battle fortress.
It is worth mentioning that after the end of World War II, Shiro Ishii made a conspiracy deal with President Truman with the data of bacterial killing methods obtained by killing more than 10,000 human lives, thus escaping the trial of the war court and the responsibility of human conscience and morality.