There are also water assessment, traffic assessment, disaster assessment and earthquake assessment.
The following is the assessment of all major projects
1. Environmental impact assessment (environmental impact assessment)
Environmental impact assessment, referred to as environmental assessment, refers to the implementation of planning and construction projects Analyze, predict and evaluate the possible environmental impacts in the future, propose countermeasures and measures to prevent or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and implement tracking and monitoring methods and systems. In layman's terms, it means analyzing the impact that the project may have on the environment after it is completed and put into operation, and proposing pollution prevention and control countermeasures and measures.
Prerequisite: Environmental impact assessment approval document
Responsible department: Environmental protection administrative department
Setting basis:
《 Article 25 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China
If the environmental impact assessment document of a construction project has not been reviewed by the approval department prescribed by law or has not been approved after review, the project The approval department shall not approve its construction, and the construction unit shall not start construction.
2. Water impact assessment (water assessment)
Assessment of changes in the water environment caused by human activities and their impacts.
Based on accurate and comprehensive engineering analysis and adequate water environment conditions investigation, reasonable mathematical models are used to calculate, predict, analyze and demonstrate the impact of construction projects on the surface water environment. Divide the degree and scope of environmental impact, compare the changes in the main indicators of the water body before and after the project construction, and combine it with the local water environment functional zoning to draw a conclusion whether the use function is met, and further propose the control of major pollutants in the area affected by the construction project and prevention strategies.
In accordance with the requirements for optimization of the municipal government's project approval process, "Approval of water resources demonstration (evaluation) report for construction projects", "Approval of water and soil conservation plans for production and construction projects", "Approval of flood impact assessment reports for non-flood control construction projects" "Three administrative permit items were integrated into one permit of "Water Impact Assessment Review" as a prerequisite for the establishment of a construction project.
The water impact assessment of construction projects includes three parts: water resource demonstration (evaluation), soil and water conservation plan, and flood impact assessment.
Prerequisite: review of water resources demonstration report
Responsible department: water administrative department
Setting basis:
《 Measures for the Management of Water Resources Demonstration for Construction Projects" (Order No. 15 of the Ministry of Water Resources and the State Planning Commission)
Article 2: For new construction and reconstruction projects that draw water directly from rivers, lakes or underground and need to apply for a water drawing license , expansion construction project (hereinafter referred to as the construction project), the construction project owner unit (hereinafter referred to as the owner unit) shall conduct a construction project water resource demonstration in accordance with the provisions of these Measures and prepare a construction project water resource demonstration report.
Article 11: When submitting a construction project feasibility study report to the planning authority, the owner shall submit a written application for a water abstraction license (preliminary) from the water administrative department or river basin management agency. Review opinions, and attach an approved construction project water resources demonstration report.
If the written review opinions of the water abstraction license (preliminary) application and the approved water resources demonstration report of the construction project are not submitted, the construction project will not be approved.
"National Water Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 23, Paragraph 2: Preparation of national economic and social development plans and urban master plans, and major construction projects The layout should be adapted to local water resources conditions and flood control requirements, and scientifically demonstrated; in areas with insufficient water resources, restrictions should be placed on urban scale and construction of industrial, agricultural and service projects that consume large amounts of water.
Prerequisite: water abstraction application approval document
Responsible department: water administrative department
Setting basis:
"Water Intake Permit" and Water Resource Fee Collection and Management Regulations
Article 21: The water abstraction application must be approved by the approval authority before the applicant can build a water abstraction project or facility. For construction projects that require state review and approval, if the water abstraction application approval document has not been obtained, the project authorities shall not review and approve the construction project.
"Water Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 7: The state implements a water abstraction licensing system and a paid use system for water resources in accordance with the law. However, rural collective economic organizations and their members are exempted from using the water in the ponds and reservoirs of the collective economic organization. The water administrative department of the State Council is responsible for the organization and implementation of the national water abstraction licensing system and the paid use of water resources system.
Prerequisite: Soil and Water Conservation Plan Review
Responsible Department: Water Administrative Department
Setting Basis:
"People's ***Water and Soil Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China
Article 26: For production and construction projects that are required to prepare a water and soil conservation plan according to law, the production and construction unit has not prepared a water and soil conservation plan or the water and soil conservation plan has not been prepared by the water administrative supervisor Production and construction projects shall not start construction unless approved by the department.
Prerequisite: Flood Impact Assessment
Responsible Department: Water Administrative Department
Setting Basis:
"People's Republic of China*" ** and Flood Control Law
Article 33, Paragraph 1: When constructing non-flood control construction projects in floodplain areas and flood storage and detention areas, the possible impact of floods on the construction project and construction The project evaluates the possible impacts of flood control, prepares a flood impact assessment report, and proposes defensive measures. When the feasibility study report of a construction project is submitted for approval in accordance with the capital construction procedures prescribed by the state, it shall be accompanied by a flood impact assessment report reviewed and approved by the relevant water administrative department.
3. Energy Assessment (Energy Assessment)
Energy assessment refers to calculating the consumption structure and consumption of various energy sources of the project through analyzing the construction project, and calculating the main energy consumption. It is an evaluation method that analyzes the energy utilization status of equipment, analyzes the effects of various energy-saving and consumption-reducing measures, calculates the energy efficiency indicators and economic indicators of the unit product and unit output value of the project, and evaluates the rationality and advancement of the project's energy use. Abbreviated as "Energy Assessment"
Prerequisite: Energy conservation review opinions
Responsible department: Energy conservation management department
Setting basis:
"Energy Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 15: The state implements an energy conservation assessment and review system for fixed asset investment projects. For projects that do not meet the mandatory energy conservation standards, the authorities responsible for project approval or verification according to law shall not approve or approve the construction; the construction unit shall not start construction; those that have been completed shall not be put into production or use. Specific measures shall be formulated by the energy conservation management department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council.
Regulations on Energy Conservation in Public Institutions
Article 20, Paragraph 2: The State Council and local people’s governments at or above the county level are responsible for examining and approving fixed asset investment projects. Departments should strictly control the construction scale and standards of public institutions' construction projects, coordinate energy-saving investments and benefits, and conduct energy-saving assessment and review of construction projects; projects that fail to pass energy-saving assessment and review shall not be approved or approved for construction.
4. Safety assessment (safety assessment)
Safety assessment, also known as risk assessment or hazard assessment abroad, is for the purpose of realizing engineering and system safety and applying safety system engineering. Principles and methods are used to identify and analyze dangerous and harmful factors existing in projects and systems, and to determine the possibility and severity of accidents and occupational hazards in projects and systems, thereby providing scientific basis for formulating preventive measures and management decisions. Safety evaluation requires both the support of safety evaluation theory and the combination of theory and practical experience, both of which are indispensable.
The "Work Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" has the following provisions:
Prerequisite: safety pre-evaluation
Responsible department: safety supervision department
Basis of setting:
"Safety Production Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 29: Mining, metal smelting construction projects and Construction projects used for the production, storage, loading and unloading of dangerous goods shall undergo safety assessments in accordance with relevant national regulations.
"Interim Measures for the Supervision and Management of "Three Simultaneities" for Safety Facilities in Construction Projects" (Order No. 36 of the State Administration of Work Safety)
Article 9, Paragraph 1: Production and business units shall entrust a Safety assessment agencies with corresponding qualifications shall conduct safety pre-evaluation of their construction projects and prepare safety pre-evaluation reports.
"Measures for the Safety Supervision and Administration of Hazardous Chemical Construction Projects" (Order No. 45 of the State Administration of Work Safety)
Article 9: The construction unit shall, during the feasibility study stage of the construction project, Entrust a safety evaluation agency with corresponding qualifications to conduct safety evaluations on construction projects.
Safety evaluation agencies shall conduct safety evaluations of construction projects in accordance with relevant production safety laws, regulations, rules, national standards, and industry standards, and issue construction project safety evaluation reports. The safety evaluation report shall comply with the requirements of the "Detailed Rules for Safety Evaluation of Hazardous Chemical Construction Projects".
4. Traffic impact assessment (traffic assessment)
Traffic impact assessment refers to the analysis, prediction and evaluation of possible traffic impacts after the implementation of planning and construction projects, and proposes preventive measures or technical methods and systems for traffic design, traffic management plans and measures that mitigate adverse traffic impacts.
Basis for setting:
"Regulations on the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 3 Local people at all levels above the county level The government should establish and improve the coordination mechanism for road traffic safety work, organize relevant departments to conduct traffic impact assessments on urban construction projects, formulate road traffic safety management plans, determine management objectives, and formulate implementation plans.
The "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Prioritizing the Development of Public Transport in Cities" (Guofa [2012] No. 64) further clarifies that the traffic impact assessment system for urban construction projects must be implemented and used as a precursor to project implementation. condition.
5. Geological hazard assessment (disaster assessment)
Also known as geological hazard assessment. The work of assessing and estimating the degree of geological disaster activity and damage losses.
Prerequisite: Geological hazard risk assessment
Responsible department: land and resources department
Setting basis:
"Geology Disaster Prevention and Control Regulations
Article 21, Paragraph 1: Engineering construction in geological disaster-prone areas shall conduct a geological hazard risk assessment during the feasibility study stage, and the assessment results shall be regarded as the feasibility An integral part of the research report; if the feasibility study report does not include the results of geological disaster risk assessment, its feasibility study report shall not be approved.
6. Earthquake safety evaluation (seismic evaluation)
Seismic safety evaluation refers to the seismic geological conditions and geophysical field environment of the specific construction project site and its surrounding areas. Based on in-depth research on seismic activity patterns, modern terrain deformation and stress fields, we use advanced seismic hazard probability analysis methods to scientifically provide corresponding engineering planning or design requirements according to the risk level required for the project. Earthquake parameters (acceleration, design response spectrum, earthquake time history, etc.) and corresponding data at a certain probability level.
Prerequisite: Earthquake safety assessment
Responsible department: competent authority for earthquake work
Setting basis:
"People's *** and National Earthquake Defense and Disaster Mitigation Law
Article 35 Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3:
Major construction projects and construction projects that may cause serious secondary disasters, Seismic safety assessment shall be conducted in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council, and seismic fortification shall be carried out in accordance with the seismic fortification requirements determined in the approved earthquake safety assessment report. The seismic safety evaluation unit of a construction project shall conduct seismic safety evaluation in accordance with relevant national standards and be responsible for the quality of the seismic safety evaluation report.
Construction projects other than those specified in the preceding paragraph shall be fortified in accordance with the seismic fortification requirements determined by the seismic intensity zoning map or the earthquake parameter zoning map; for construction projects in crowded places such as schools, hospitals, etc., the seismic fortification shall be Design and construction should be carried out in accordance with the seismic fortification requirements that are higher than those of local housing buildings, and effective measures should be taken to enhance the seismic fortification capabilities.
7. Cultural relics impact assessment (cultural review)
"Cultural relics (cultural heritage) impact assessment" refers to the evaluation of the potential impacts of cultural relics development plans and other actions. Systematic approach. In recent years, this work is receiving more and more attention from cultural heritage protectors at home and abroad. In China, cultural relics impact assessment has involved major infrastructure projects, site and route selection of highways, railways, urban rail transit, and national archaeological site park construction projects, etc., for decision-making and reference by relevant departments.
Prerequisite: Cultural relics protection opinions
Responsible departments: relevant people’s governments, cultural relics administrative departments
Setting basis:
"Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics"
Article 20, Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2, and Paragraph 3:
The site selection for construction projects shall be as practical as possible Avoid immovable cultural relics; if they cannot be avoided due to special circumstances, the cultural relics protection units should be protected in situ as much as possible.
When implementing in-site protection, the construction unit shall determine the protection measures in advance, submit them to the corresponding cultural relics administrative department for approval according to the level of the cultural relics protection unit, and include the protection measures in the feasibility study report or design task statement.
If it is impossible to implement in-situ protection and must be relocated to another location for protection or demolition, it must be reported to the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government for approval; if a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit is relocated or demolished, it must be obtained from the cultural relics administrative department of the State Council before approval. agree. National key cultural relics protection units shall not be demolished; if they need to be relocated, they must be reported to the State Council for approval by the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government.
Article 20, Paragraph 5: The costs required for original site protection, relocation, and demolition specified in this article shall be included in the construction project budget by the construction unit.
Article 29: When carrying out large-scale capital construction projects, the construction unit shall report in advance to the cultural relics administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government to organize units engaged in archaeological excavations in places where cultural relics may be buried within the project scope. Conduct archaeological surveys and explorations.
8. Lightning strike risk assessment (lightning assessment)
Lightning strike risk assessment is based on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of lightning activity and disaster characteristics in the project location, combined with the on-site situation analysis, to analyze the possible consequences of lightning Comprehensive risk calculations in terms of casualties, property losses, and hazard scope, etc., so as to provide constructive suggestions for project site selection, functional zoning layout, lightning protection categories (levels) and lightning protection measures, and lightning accident emergency plans, etc. An evaluation method.
Basis for setting:
Article 31 of the Meteorological Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Meteorological Law) stipulates that “the meteorological authorities at all levels shall Strengthen the organization and management of lightning disaster prevention work, and work with relevant departments to guide the detection of lightning hazard protection devices installed on buildings, structures and other facilities that may be struck by lightning. The lightning hazard protection devices installed should comply with the regulations of the meteorological authority of the State Council. usage requirements”.
Article 34 stipulates that “Meteorological authorities at all levels shall organize climate feasibility studies on urban planning, national key construction projects, major regional economic development projects, and large-scale solar, wind energy and other climate resource development and utilization projects. ”
9. Meteorological assessment (climate assessment)
Meteorological disaster risk assessment refers to the impact of possible occurrences on people’s lives and property and economic and social development within this administrative region. Meteorological disasters that have a major impact, as well as urban and rural planning, key areas or regional development and construction planning and construction projects that are closely related to meteorological conditions, analyze and evaluate climate feasibility and meteorological disaster risks.
Prerequisite: Climate Feasibility Demonstration Approval
Responsible Department: Meteorological Authority
Setting Basis:
"Meteorological Disasters" Defense Regulations"
"Meteorological Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 34, Paragraph 1: Meteorological authorities at all levels shall organize inspections of urban planning, national key Conduct climate feasibility studies on construction projects, major regional economic development projects, and large-scale solar, wind energy and other climate resource development and utilization projects.
10. Overburdened mineral resources
Prerequisite: Approval of overburdened mineral resources
Responsible department: Relevant departments of the State Council
Established Basis for determination:
"Mineral Resources Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 33: During the construction of railways, factories, reservoirs, oil pipelines, power transmission lines and other Before constructing a large building or building complex, the construction unit must learn from the geological and mineral authorities of the province, autonomous region, and municipality where the proposed project is located about the distribution and mining conditions of mineral resources in the area where the proposed project is located. Important mineral deposits may not be overturned without approval from departments authorized by the State Council.
Extended information:
Characteristics
Due to the characteristics of single-piece, unique, fixed and bulky building products, in order to accurately analyze building products To carry out reasonable valuation, valuation is often carried out based on the sub-assembly of the project. According to the difficulty of the project, the components of the construction project can be divided as follows:
Construction project
A construction project refers to a project within the scope of an overall design or preliminary design, consisting of A basic construction unit composed of one or several individual projects, which implements unified accounting economically, has an independent agency or organizational form administratively, and implements unified management.
The characteristic is that each construction project has a design brief and an independent overall design. For example, factories, schools, and hospitals can all be called construction projects.
Single project
Single project refers to the entire construction and installation project that has independent design documents and can exist independently.
The characteristic is that after the single project is completed, it can be independently produced or delivered for use. Individual projects are an integral part of a construction project. Such as a workshop or production line in a factory construction project, a teaching building, library, etc. in a school construction project. A construction project consists of one or several individual projects.
Unit project
Unit project refers to a project that has independent construction drawings and can be independently organized for construction, but cannot be delivered independently after completion. Such as civil engineering, equipment installation engineering, etc. in workshop construction of factory construction projects. A single project consists of one or several unit projects.
Divisional engineering
Divisional engineering is an integral part of the unit project. It is composed of workers of different types of work using different tools, materials and machinery according to each part of the unit project. Completed partial works. Its characteristic is that branch projects are often divided according to the main parts of buildings and structures. Such as earthwork engineering division, reinforced concrete engineering division, decoration engineering division, etc. A unit project consists of one or several branch projects.
Reference material: Baidu Encyclopedia: Project Valuation