Does anyone know the planting technology and recycling method of gastrodia elata?

1. Cultivation techniques: Suitable planting conditions: Gastrodia elata has no roots and leaves, so it can't create nutrients through photosynthesis, and it can only rely on Armillaria mellea to supply nutrients for growth and reproduction. Because of the special relationship between gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, the first step of planting gastrodia elata is to cultivate a certain number of high-quality Armillaria mellea pacesetters, and the second step is to introduce gastrodia elata seeds. Because gastrodia elata species should not be placed for a long time, Armillaria mellea must be planted in time after introduction. If there is no Armillaria material and it is introduced blindly, it will not be worth the candle. 2. Suitable planting range: The hybrid gastrodia elata "Wu X Hong" and "Hong X Wu" selected by gastrodia elata experts in China are more adaptable than the traditional asexual reproduction of the next generation gastrodia elata, and any potato (potato) can be planted all over the country. The planting method is as extensive and simple as planting potatoes, and it does not compete with crops for land, fertilizer and labor. 3. Suitable planting environment: The optimum temperature for the growth of Gastrodia elata is 10-30℃, the optimum temperature is 20-25℃, the air relative humidity is about 80%, the soil water content is 50%-55%, and the PH value is 5-6, which is an acidic ecological environment. 4. Suitable planting time: Suitable outdoor planting is divided into winter planting (165438+ 10 to 65438+ 10) or spring planting (March to May). Gastrodia elata can be planted indoors, in caves and in tunnels all year round by one-step soilless method, and it can be harvested after 180 days of closed management. 5. Cultivation of fungus materials: Armillaria mellea can be produced all year round. Generally, 90 days before gastrodia elata is sown, high-quality test-tube mother seeds of Armillaria mellea are introduced and cultivated into Armillaria mellea materials through propagation and transplantation. The technological process is as follows: mother seed passes through (1 grade seed) → original seed (grade 2 seed) → original seed (grade 3 seed) → Armillaria mellea material (gastrodia elata growth nutrient medium). Then introduce gastrodia elata seeds and plant them together. You can also buy high-quality Armillaria mellea seeds 40 days in advance and directly cultivate fungus materials. Because Armillaria can be thrown and cultivated, it is completely open to operation and has no technical difficulty. Cultivated gastrodia elata is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine for health care and nourishing. At present, the market capacity is large and the price is high. Many farmers want to engage in gastrodia elata production. However, the production technology of gastrodia elata is strict, and the most important thing is to ensure the following "three customs": First, temperature: temperature directly affects the growth, yield and quality of gastrodia elata. The optimum growth temperature of gastrodia elata is 15 ~ 25℃. When the temperature exceeds 30℃, the growth of Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata will be seriously inhibited. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, the growth rate of gastrodia tuber will slow down and stop. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, the tuber of Gastrodia elata will be damaged by freezing and rot. Therefore, temperature control is the key to the success of gastrodia elata cultivation. 2. Humidity: The average relative humidity required for planting gastrodia elata is about 80%. In peak season, humidity less than 60% is not conducive to the growth of gastrodia elata, and more than 80% is easy to cause tuber rot. So pay special attention. Third, turn off the lights: most of the artificial planting of gastrodia elata is carried out indoors, in bomb shelters, basements and greenhouses. Gastrodia elata should be protected from direct sunlight from planting to harvesting, and shed should be set up to cool down when sunlight shines to ensure the normal growth of gastrodia elata tuber. It can be seen that artificial planting of gastrodia elata must analyze whether there are local conditions suitable for the growth of gastrodia elata, and do not blindly introduce it. Only by adjusting measures to local conditions, planting scientifically, mastering the growth habits of Gastrodia elata and strengthening management can we succeed. How long is the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata? Under the condition of artificial cultivation, it takes about 3 years for Gastrodia elata to complete a growth cycle. Its growth process is basically as follows: from June 165438+ 10 to February of the following year, the seeds of gastrodia elata are mature in late June and should be sown within one week. Please note that gastrodia elata seed and hemp seed are two concepts in production. The former refers to the tiny seeds in the capsule formed by the spike after the arrow hemp grows from the above-ground stem. The latter refers to rice hemp or hemp rice, that is, gastrodia elata. Gastrodia elata seeds germinate about 15 days after sowing, and can grow into hemp seeds in the same year 165438+ 10. Hemp seeds swell and grow for about 8- 12 months, and the next year they become kenaf:10-1month. In the spring and summer of the third year, kenaf bolting, flowering, pollination and then forming seeds, thus completing a growth cycle. However, in actual production, most hemp farmers (or drug farmers) only buy hemp seeds for sowing, which results in a growth cycle every year. Strictly speaking, this statement is wrong, but it is also possible to use it as a conventional statement in actual production. However, the recent statement that "100 days is a growth cycle" is not credible, and the majority of producers should distinguish gastrodia elata according to its biological characteristics. Cause analysis of low success rate of gastrodia elata planting. 1. The blind introduction and planting of Gastrodia elata requires quite strict technical regulations and environmental conditions. Many importers blindly introduce a large number of people, regardless of latitude and altitude, natural environmental conditions and whether they have mastered a full set of technologies, which is also one of the reasons for a large number of failures. 2. The sowing season is not suitable. Gastrodia elata likes cool natural environment, and the suitable breeding time is 34 months. However, at present, most breeding facilities are simple and lack of heating and sword-urging facilities, so that tiny gastrodia elata seeds can not be enriched and germinated by germination bacteria in time and can not form protocorms. Third, the selection of Armillaria species is not strict. Gastrodia elata is a special product combined with Armillaria mellea. Without good and vigorous Armillaria mellea, planting gastrodia elata is just empty talk. There are many kinds of Armillaria mellea, including Armillaria mellea, Armillaria viridis, Armillaria pseudoacacia, Armillaria tenuifolia, Armillaria crassipes and Armillaria oblata. Most introducers don't know enough about strains, so it is difficult to distinguish dead strains from live strains, and it is even more unclear whether the strains are true or false. No matter whether the strain is strong or weak, it is to apply more and strive to increase production. As a result, they will lose a lot when they harvest the next year. Fourth, Gastrodia elata, which is eager for success, must rely on Armillaria mellea to provide nutrition for its life in order to grow and develop. Hemp seed and Armillaria mellea must be combined in time to produce a virtuous circle, which is the key to the success of Gastrodia elata. Armillaria mellea is not the grain of Gastrodia elata, but it is an elite force for transporting grain and grass. Most of the introducers neglected the key link of cultivating bacteria before planting hemp, and gastrodia elata became a big pagoda. They were eager for quick success and instant benefit, and planted hemp seeds, Armillaria species and new materials in one step, which led to the germination of seeds and the formation of protocorms. However, Armillaria was not exposed to the new materials for a short time, and all protocorms starved to death because of the lack of timely nutrition supply, resulting in Armillaria being entangled in the stems and disappeared when dug. 5. When sowing, you are not allowed to catch wet or dry. Gastrodia elata seeds are very small, with extremely weak vitality and short life span. The wet and dry requirements of sand and leaves are very strict when sowing. Too dry or too wet will kill cannabis seeds in a short time. Many growers don't pay enough attention to this point, and they don't grasp the dryness and wetness well, which leads to poor harvest. The requirements of intensive planting and extensive management of gastrodia elata are very strict, and it is difficult to achieve high yield by extensive management. Some people have successfully planted gastrodia elata in small areas of forest margins and orchards. They think they are ignorant and simple. They planted in the field on a large scale, and created a suitable small environment without building a shade shed. In summer, the bright light is direct, and the ground temperature rises, which exceeds the suitable temperature limit of gastrodia elata, resulting in the phenomenon that the grown gastrodia elata becomes a big empty shell and the mycelium eats marijuana. The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the cultivation of Gastrodia elata is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. It is a special seed plant, which has no roots and green leaves and cannot support itself. It must rely on Armillaria mellea and its growth for nutrition and reproduction. Therefore, the planting of gastrodia elata is different from the planting of green plants, and we must grasp three links according to its growth law. One is the cultivation of Armillaria mellea; The second is the selection or cultivation of gastrodia elata seed hemp; The third is the cultivation of gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea. In these three production links, there are opportunities for mixed bacteria pollution. If each step is not done well, especially when the conditions are not good, it will lead to the failure of gastrodia elata planting. There are two common diseases in gastrodia elata cultivation, one is the harm of mold, the other is the harm of rot. The odor is very harmful to Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata. On the same day, when hemp is continuously planted and the water permeability and air permeability are poor, purple-brown spots will appear on the tubers. Prevention and control measures: ① Sandy loam with good air permeability should be selected for cultivation, and rehmannia glutinosa, clay or waterlogged residual soil should not be selected; (2) When cultivating bacteria or planting gastrodia elata, the bacteria infected by miscellaneous bacteria should be removed and kept pure; (3) When planting Gastrodia elata, the gaps between the fungus materials should be filled with sand (the unsatisfactory places should be filled with sand, leaving gaps, and water will accumulate when it rains, which is easy to produce miscellaneous bacteria); (4) When planting, increase the amount of strains (materials) to promote the vigorous growth of Armillaria mellea, thus inhibiting the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. Rot disease and its prevention: seed hemp is damaged by pests and machinery or easily infected by miscellaneous bacteria in harsh high temperature and high humidity environment, causing rot. Prevention and control measures: ① Select intact and bright-colored white-headed hemp or water hemp as the provenance, and do not be bruised and exposed to the sun during the mining and transportation; ② Pay attention to adjusting the temperature and humidity to provide the best conditions for the growth of Armillaria mellea, thus inhibiting the growth of miscellaneous bacteria; ③ It is best to pile up, disinfect and dry the culture materials for planting gastrodia elata, so as to kill the insects, pupae and bacteria inside and reduce the harm. Gastrodia elata cultivation is a multi-link comprehensive production process, each link needs different environmental conditions and suitable environment, and it is easy to succeed in cultivation, otherwise it will end in failure. Therefore, to cultivate gastrodia elata, we should carefully study its requirements for environmental conditions, create the best conditions and promote its good growth and development. In addition, attention should be paid to increase the dominant population of Armillaria mellea in production, that is, to put more fungus materials, and at the same time to ensure that the fungus materials are good (that is, at night, at about 25℃, when oxygen is sufficient, hyphae and strains can emit fluorescence). Armillaria gastrodia is an edible and medicinal fungus. In order to prevent the infection of miscellaneous bacteria, carbendazim and potassium permanganate are often used as disinfection drugs when cultivating gastrodia elata. Requirements of Armillaria mellea growth and development on environmental conditions: ① Soil pH: PH5556 is the best; (2) Temperature: 630℃ can grow, but 1825℃ is the fastest. When it exceeds 30℃, it stops growing and dies at 70℃. ③ Humidity: the relative humidity of air is 80% to 90%, and the water content of soil is 50% to 70%. (4) Air: well ventilated (Armillaria mellea is an aerobic fungus, which needs little air for mycelium growth, but it needs good ventilation for the growth of bulbils); ⑤ Lighting: No need (basement and bomb shelter can be cultivated).