Request-for-quotations procurement is a procurement method in which the purchaser issues a request-for-quotations (RFQ) to the suppliers concerned for them to make quotations, and on the basis of the quotations, compares and determines the best suppliers. The government procurement projects that have uniform specifications and standards for the goods to be procured, sufficient stock sources and small price variations can be procured by means of RFQ.
I. Bidding
According to China's "Bidding Law", according to the degree of openness to competition, bidding is divided into two ways of public bidding and invitation to tender.
1)Open bidding. Belong to the unrestricted competition bidding, which is a full embodiment of bidding information openness, standardization of bidding procedures, bidding competition and fairness, greatly reducing the possibility of crosstalk, bid-raising and other improper transactions, the most in line with the bidding bidding and the principle of "three public" bidding method, commonly used procurement methods.
2)Invitation to tender. Limited competitive bidding, also known as selective bidding. Invitation to bidding is applicable because of the national security, state secrets, commercial secrets, construction period or goods supply cycle is urgent, by the natural geographical environment, only a small number of potential bidders to choose from, and other conditions can not be open tendering project, or by the project technical complexity and special requirements, and has been clearly known in advance that only a few specific potential bidders can respond to bidding projects, or Projects for which the bidding items are small and the bidding costs for the use of open bidding account for a disproportionately large percentage of the value of the bidding items.
In accordance with the source of the subject matter can be divided into: domestic tendering, including domestic open tendering, domestic invitational tendering; international tendering, including international open tendering, international invitational tendering. The preparation of international tendering documents should follow international trade norms and practices.
Methods of government procurement include: open tendering, invitational tendering, competitive negotiation, single-source procurement, request for quotations, the state council supervision and management department of government procurement recognized other procurement methods. Open bidding shall be the main method of government procurement.
Two, bidding methods and means
1) two-stage bidding. Applicable to some technical design program or technical requirements are uncertain or some technical standards, specifications are difficult to describe the tender to determine. The first stage of bidding, preferred technical design solutions from the bidding program, unified technical standards, specifications and requirements; the second stage in accordance with the unified determination of the design or technical standards, the organization of the project final bidding and tender offers.
2) framework agreement bidding. Suitable for repeated use of specifications, models, technical standards and requirements of the same goods or services, especially suitable for a bidder subordinate to a number of implementation of the main body using centralized and unified bidding projects. Bidders through the tender for goods or services to form a unified procurement framework agreement, generally only agreed on the unit price of the procurement, rather than agreeing on the subject matter of the number and total price, the implementation of the main body of the procurement in accordance with the procurement framework agreement with the successful bidder to sign and fulfill the procurement contract agreement in batches.
3) electronic bidding. Compared with paper bidding, will greatly improve the bidding efficiency, in line with the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction, reduce the bidding costs, and effectively implement the "three public" principle, is conducive to break through the traditional bidding organization and implementation and management mode, promote the reform and improvement of the bidding supervision method, standardize the bidding order, prevention and treatment of corrupt transactions Phenomenon.
Specifically, for some simple technical specifications, standardized, easy to classify the identification and evaluation, or the need to solicit a wide range of bidding competitors bidding projects, the efficiency of electronic bidding advantage is more obvious.