Tips:
(1) The examination paper of this subject is divided into two parts: examination paper and answer sheet. The examination time is 90 minutes, and the full mark of the test paper is 100.
(2) Please fill in the name, admission ticket number and other relevant information on the answer sheet as required.
(3) Please answer on the answer sheet, which is invalid on this paper.
First, multiple-choice questions (this big question ***30 points.
Only one of the options given in each question meets the meaning of the question. Please fill in the serial number that matches the meaning of the question at the designated position on the answer sheet.
2 points for each small question, 0 point for wrong answer)
1, the energy crisis is a major problem facing human society.
Some energy sources are difficult to be regenerated once they are consumed, so we should save energy.
The following energy, belongs to the non-renewable energy is ()
A, wind energy b, coal c, solar energy d, water energy
2. On the Spring Festival Evening of 20 1 1, the performances of "grassroots" singers were the characteristics of this Spring Festival Evening, and the audience mainly distinguished their voices according to their singing skills ().
A, tone b, loudness c, timbre d, sound speed
3, Xiaohua sitting in a moving car, Xiaohua relative to which object in motion ()
A. Driver B. Xiaohua's seat
C. Trees on the roadside D. Passengers sitting next to Xiaohua
4.20 10 June, China successfully launched the fourth Beidou satellite. At present, Beidou satellite navigation system has been applied to many fields, such as surveying and mapping, telecommunications, disaster reduction and relief, etc. The system mainly relies on () to transmit information.
A, optical fiber b, electromagnetic wave
C, infrasound d, ultrasonic wave
5, the following phenomenon about state change and explanation is correct ()
First, the frost in autumn is formed by sublimation.
B, when you open the popsicle wrapping paper in summer, you often take "white steam", which is formed by sublimation.
C, fog often appears in winter morning, which is formed by vaporization.
D, sometimes there will be small water droplets on the window glass in winter, which are formed by condensation.
6, household circuits and household appliances in the design and installation have considered the safety of electricity, the following measures, has nothing to do with the safe use of electricity is ().
A, control the switch of household appliances should be installed on the fire line.
B, install the leakage protector on the main switch connecting the residents.
C, washing machines, refrigerators and other electrical appliances should use three-wire plugs.
D, install the socket for easy use.
In hot summer, the temperature outside the classroom is rising. Xiaoyu put the thermometer on the corridor wall and found that the mercury column in the thermometer was slowly rising. "The mercury level is rising" because which physical quantity of mercury has increased ().
A, volume b, specific heat capacity c, mass d, density
8. In the process of exploring convex lens imaging, Xiao Ming observed the phenomenon as shown in the figure. The working principle of the following optical instruments is the same as the law reflected by this phenomenon ().
A, magnifying glass b, camera c, projector d, car rearview mirror
9. Loudi City is located in the middle of Hunan, with distinct scenery all year round. In the phenomenon described below, molecular diffusion is caused by the following reasons.
A. In spring, the chrysanthemums in Boyue Park are fragrant. In summer, catkins fly along the Zijiang River.
C. In autumn, dense fog pervades the suburbs. D. in winter, snowflakes fly on the red sun mountain.
10, the American magazine Science once commented that "new superconductors push Chinese physicists to the forefront", which shows that
In the field of superconductors, China has made remarkable achievements.
If people have developed a superconductor at room temperature, they can use it to make ().
A, long-distance transmission conductor B, filament of incandescent bulb
C, electric furnace resistance wire C, household fuse
1 1. When using the following tools as shown in the figure, it is a laborious lever ().
12, in the following examples, belongs to reduce the pressure is ()
13, Faraday found the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, which is a major discovery in physics. It made mankind enter the electrification era from the era of steam engines. Among the following equipment, it was made according to the principle of electromagnetic induction ().
A, motor b, electromagnet
C, generator d, electric kettle
14, the physical phenomenon shown, the correct explanation is ().
A, coins over the "railing" because the faster the air velocity, the greater the pressure.
B, kinetic energy is converted into gravitational potential energy when the iron block descends.
C, don't push the box, the friction is greater than the thrust.
D, using inertia to tighten the hammer.
15. In the circuit shown in the figure, A and B are ammeters. If the switch is closed to make the light shine, then
A, A and B are ammeters, and B, A and B are voltmeters.
C and A are ammeters, B is voltmeter D, A is voltmeter and B is ammeter.
Fill in the blanks (2 points for each small question, 20 points for * * *)
16. During the Dragon Boat Festival, drums are caused by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
17, home lights, televisions, electric fans and other electrical appliances are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ connected in the circuit.
18, Wugang, Hunan, has the reputation of "the city of braised dishes in China".
The delicacy of pot-stewed vegetables comes from brine. After the dried bean curd is boiled in salt water for a period of time, due to the volume expansion of the dried bean curd, its buoyancy will be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "increase", "decrease" or "unchanged").
19 and 20 10 in April, a drilling platform of a deep-sea oil well in the Gulf of Mexico in the United States exploded and caught fire, leaking a large amount of crude oil floating on the sea surface, causing very serious ecological pollution. In order to plug the oil spill wellhead, the oil company sent several underwater robots to dive to the seabed at 1500m, and the seawater pressure borne by the robots at the seabed was _ _ _ _ _ _.
(ρ seawater =1.03x103kg/m3 g =10n/kg)
20, in the construction site, the worker master with the following devices, with 250N n n.
The pulling force makes the goods weighing 400 cattle rise 2 meters at a uniform speed, and then the device is installed.
The mechanical efficiency is _ _ _ _ _ _.
2 1, Guilin Mountain is beautiful with clear water and pleasant scenery. Known as "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world", Elephant Trunk Mountain is one of its famous scenic spots. As the picture shows, its reflection in the Lijiang River is formed by light _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
22. Xiaoxing picked up a small stone on the beach, measured the density of the stone through experiments, measured the quality of the stone with a adjusted balance, and measured the volume of the stone with a measuring cylinder as shown in Figure A, as shown in Figure B, the density of the stone was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ g/cm3.
23. As shown in the figure, when the switch S is closed and the sliding rheostat P slides to the left, the voltage representation number will be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (optional "increase", "decrease" or "constant").
24, people choose water as engine coolant, this is because the specific heat capacity of water is larger, a car water tank with 5kg of water, when the temperature rises by 200C, it needs to absorb the heat of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
C water =4.2× 103J/(kg.0c)
25. Compass is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. This great invention has important practical value in navigation, exploration and military affairs. The compass can point the direction because it is affected by the magnetic field of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Three, drawing and experimental inquiry questions (this question ***26 points, 26 questions 4 points, 27 questions 6 points, 28 questions 6 points, 29 questions 10 points)
26.( 1) Please draw the general directions of reflected light and refracted light when the light AO enters the water surface.
(2) Please draw the gravity diagram on the ball in the picture.
27. Xiaoming and his classmates are doing an experiment of "observing the boiling of water"
(1) Xiao Ming's operation is shown in the figure, in which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (only one place can be written).
(2) After correcting the error, the thermometer reading when the water is boiling is as shown in the figure. At this time, the water temperature is _ _ _ _ _ 0C, and the atmospheric pressure at this time is _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "greater than", "less than" or "equal to") 1 standard atmospheric pressure.
(3) The following figure can correctly reflect the relationship between water temperature and time during the experiment ().
28. Xiao Ming uses the steps shown in Figures A, B and C to explore which factors are related to the magnitude of friction.
In the experiment (1), he used a spring dynamometer to pull the block along the horizontal direction to make the block move on the horizontal plane, and recorded the reading of the spring dynamometer.
(2) By comparing steps A and B, it can be concluded that the magnitude of friction is related to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) On the way to school, Xiao Ming saw a car stuck in a mud pit, and the driver put some straw under the tire to increase the friction by increasing _ _ _ _ _ _.
29. In the experiment of measuring constant resistance,
(1) When connecting the circuit, the switch should be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Please use stroke lines instead of wires to connect the physical circuits in the drawing completely.
(3) Before closing the switch, move the slider P of the sliding rheostat to the extreme end of _ _ _ _ _ (select "left" or "right"). After closing the switch, when the slider P moves to a certain point, the current is expressed as 0.2 A, and the voltage is shown in the figure, so the calculated resistance value is _ _ _ _ _ Ω.
(4) Jane closed the switch after connecting the circuit, and found that no matter how to move the slider P of the rheostat, both the voltmeter and ammeter showed numbers, but there was no change. The reason may be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (write any one).
Fourth, comprehensive application questions.
(This big question ***24 points, 30 questions 12 points, 3 1 questions 12 points)
30. The mass of the turboprop regional aircraft "Xinzhou 600" independently developed by China is 20t. During the test flight, the plane flew horizontally at a uniform speed of 500Km/h 1.2h, and the total contact area between the wheel and the horizontal ground after landing was 2m2. Excuse me: (g is 10n/kg)?
(1). What is the horizontal flight distance of the plane?
(2) What is the gravity on the plane?
(3) What is the lift when the plane flies horizontally?
(4) What is the ground pressure after the plane lands?
3 1, as shown in the figure, is a circuit diagram of a solar street lamp. The white light switch S contacts the contact A, and the solar panel charges the battery. Contact with contact B at night, and the battery supplies power to the street lamp. The street lamps work on average 10h every night, and the street lamps with specifications of "24V and 30W" can work normally for 3 nights after being exposed to sunlight for 5h.
(1), the resistance of the street lamp in normal operation.
(2) The electric energy consumed every night when the street lamp works normally.
(3) If 18% of the solar energy absorbed by the solar panel is converted into electric energy, the solar panel absorbs the power of solar energy.
(4) Please give two advantages of this solar street lamp.