Thomas Alva Edison (1847 ~ 1931): Although Americans have only studied in school for three months in their lives, they have invented more than 1, kinds of achievements such as electric lights, telegrams, phonographs and movies through diligent study and thinking, and become famous inventors, known as the "king of inventions", which is the civilization and progress of mankind.
Edison was also a great entrepreneur. In 1879, Edison founded "Edison Electric Lighting Company". In 188, incandescent lamps went on sale. In 189, Edison established its various businesses as Edison General Electric Company. In 1891, Edison's thin filament and high vacuum incandescent bulb were patented. In 1892, Tom? Houston Company merged with Edison Electric Lighting Company to form General Electric Company, which started the dominance of General Electric in the electric field for a century.
Life
Edison was born on February 11th, 1847 in Milan, Ohio, in the midwest of the United States. My father is descended from the Dutch, and my mother was a primary school teacher and descended from the Scots. When Edison was 7 years old, his father lost money in tile business and moved his family to Otterborg, Grati, a suburb north of Huron, Michigan. Shortly after moving here, Edison suffered from scarlet fever and was ill for a long time. People think that this disease is the cause of his deafness. Edison went to school at the age of eight, but after only three months of study, he was dismissed as an "imbecile" by the teacher and expelled from the school (he was ordered to drop out of school because of "stupidity"). From then on, his mother was his "tutor" and decided to teach her son to read and write, and to educate him to be honest, love the motherland and love mankind. Because of his mother's good educational methods, he has a strong interest in reading. He not only reads widely, but also reads ten lines at a glance. At the age of eight, he read the works of Shakespeare and Dickens, the most important playwrights in the English Renaissance, and many important historical books. By the age of nine, he could quickly read difficult books, such as Parker's Philosophy of Nature and Experiment.
Edison's earliest interest in natural science was in chemistry. At the age of 1, I loved chemistry. He collected about 2 bottles and saved every penny to buy chemicals and put them in bottles. At the age of 11, he experimented with his first telegram. In order to make money to buy chemicals and equipment, he began to work. At the age of 12, he got a job selling newspapers on the train and traveled between PortHuron and Detroit, Michigan. While selling newspapers, he also deals in fruits and vegetables. Whenever he is free, he goes to the library to read books. In 1861, the Civil War broke out in the United States. Edison, who had just turned 14, bought an old printing machine and took advantage of the convenience of the train to run a tabloid (weekly), the Herald, to convey the war situation and news along the way. The first issue of the weekly was printed on the train. He is also a reporter, editor, typesetter, proofreader, printer and distributor. The tabloids were popular, and he also gained talent, knowledge and experience from his intense work, and earned a lot of money to continue his chemical experiments. He used the money he earned to set up a chemistry laboratory on the luggage cart. Unfortunately, when he was doing an experiment on the train, the train suddenly bumped, causing a piece of phosphorus to fall on the board and cause burning. The conductor came to put out the flame, and gave him a hard slap in the face, which deaf his ears. He was driven off the train when Edison was only 15 years old. Another way of saying it is: unfortunately, once a chemical caught fire, he was thrown out of the car together with his equipment. On another occasion, when Edison was trying to board a freight train, a conductor grabbed his ears and helped him get on. This action caused Edison to become deaf for life. )
Frustration didn't discourage Edison. He fell in love with telegraph again. After repeated research, in 1868, he invented an automatic power recorder, which was his first invention. Later, he invented two new types of telegraph. In 1877, he invented the carbon telephone transmitter, which made the original telephone sound clearer; In addition, he invented the phonograph. People call him a magician.
In September p>1878, when Edison was 31 years old, he began to study electric lights. At that time, the gas lamp had replaced the kerosene lamp, but the flame flickered and produced harmful gas when it was extinguished; Arc lamp has also been invented and used in public places, but it is not suitable for indoor use because it hisses and shines too brightly when burning. At that time, many European and American scientists were already exploring to make a new and stable luminous body.
Edison studied the arc lamp and announced that he could invent a satisfactory light, but he needed money. At that time, he had 17 patents for inventions, and his inventions brought great profits to capitalists, so a consortium was willing to provide him with financial assistance. After thousands of failures, in April 1879, he improved the rod-shaped and tubular lamps of his predecessors and made a glass ball. On October 21, 1879, he fixed a carbon-treated cotton thread in a glass bulb, pumped out air, sealed the mouth, and applied current. It glowed and a new lighting object appeared.
from p>188 to 1882, Edison designed the light socket, button, fuse, current breaker, ammeter and hanging lamp, and also designed the main line and branch line system, and made the generator with the largest capacity in the world at that time, and established the first power plant and the first civil lighting system in new york. Later, together with george eastman, he invented the movie camera. Edison's three great inventions: the phonograph, the electric light and power system, and the movie camera have enriched and improved the civilized life of mankind.
Edison died on October 18th, 1931, at the age of 84. So far, however, no one can break his record of holding 199 invention patents, and people call him the king of invention.
Cause of death
Cause of death: uremia
Location: West Orange, USA; Buried in West Orange, USA
On August 1, 1931, Edison felt unwell. After being diagnosed by doctors, he suffered from various diseases at the same time: chronic nephritis, uremia and diabetes. The medical bulletin published in The New York Times on August 4th said, "Mr Edison is like a boat sailing in a dangerous strait. Maybe he can pass safely, or he may hit the rocks. On October 13th, Edison hit a "reef" and fell into a coma. On October 18th, 1931, Edison died at the age of 84.
Why Edison invented the electric light
When Edison was a child, his family was very poor. At that time, candles and kerosene were very expensive items, and almost all of them were imported. Then Edison thought and thought every day, and finally came up with a good idea, because the cheapest thing at that time was power supply. So Edison connected the light emitter to the power supply and produced light for lighting to benefit the poor people all over the world.
Edison's story
On a snowy night, Edison's mother suddenly fell ill, and his father hurriedly called a doctor. The doctor said, "Your mother has acute appendicitis and needs an operation.". At that time, there were only oil lamps without electric lights, and the light of oil lamps was very dim, so if you were not careful, you would open the wrong knife. Edison suddenly thought of a good idea. He took out all the oil lamps at home and put a mirror behind them, so that the doctor could finish the operation smoothly. The doctor said, "Son, you saved your mother with your wisdom and cleverness." Edison took his mother's hand and said, "Mom, I want to make a sun at night."
So Edison started to want to invent the light bulb
Life, invention and scientific journey
In August p>1862, Edison rescued a boy who was about to die on the train track with fearless heroism. The child's father is grateful for this, but because he has no money to reward, he is willing to teach him telegraph technology. Since then, Edison has had a relationship with this mysterious new world of electricity and embarked on a scientific journey.
in p>1863, Edison served as a telecommunication operator at Stratford Hub Station, a major trunk railway. From 1864 to 1867, I worked as a telegraph operator in all parts of the central and western regions and lived a life similar to wandering. Footprints, including Stratford, Adrian, fort wayne, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Louisville, Huron and other places.
in p>1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he obtained the first invention patent. This is a device that automatically records the number of votes. Edison thought that this device would speed up the work of Congress, and it would be popular. However, a congressman told him that they had no intention of speeding up the agenda, and sometimes voting slowly was out of political need. From then on, Edison decided never to make any inventions that people didn't need.
in early June p>1869, he came to New York to look for a job. While he was waiting to be summoned in a broker's office, a telegraph broke down. Edison was the only person there who could fix the telegraph, so he got a better job than he expected. In October, he set up a "Pop-Edison Company" with Pop, specializing in scientific instruments for electrical engineering. Here, he invented the "Edison universal printing press". He dedicated this printing machine to the manager of a big wall street company. He wanted to charge 5 dollars, but he lacked the courage to say it. So he asked the manager to give a price, and the manager gave 4 thousand dollars.
Edison used the money to build a factory on Ward Street in Newark, New Jersey, which specializes in manufacturing all kinds of electrical machinery. He worked all night. He trained many capable assistants, and at the same time, he happened to meet the diligent Mary Stilwell, his first bride in the future. In Newark, he made inventions such as waxed paper, mimeograph, etc. From 1872 to 1875, Edison invented the double and quadruple telegraphs successively, and also helped others to make the world's first English typewriter.
In the spring of p>1876, Edison moved again. This time he moved to Monroe Park in New Jersey. He built the first "invention factory" here, which "marked the beginning of collective research". In 1877, Edison improved the telephone invented by Bell and put it into practical use. He also invented one of his favorite projects-the phonograph. Telephone and telegraph "is a revolution to expand the function of human senses"; The phonograph is one of the three great inventions that changed people's lives. "From the imagination of the invention, this is his extremely significant invention achievement." By this time, people called him "the magician of Monroe Park".
while inventing the phonograph, Edison finally made a breakthrough in the study of electric light after numerous failures. On October 22, 1879, Edison lit the first electric light with wide practical value. In order to prolong the life of the filament, he tried more than 6 kinds of fiber materials again, and found a new luminous body-Japanese bamboo filament, which can last for more than 1 hours and achieve the purpose of durability. In a way, this invention is the culmination of Edison's life. Then, he created a power supply system, which enabled distant lamps to distribute electricity from the central power station, which was a major technological achievement.
his first discovery in pure science appeared in 1883. When testing the electric lamp, he observed what he called the Edison effect: in the lighted bulb, there was charge from the hot filament to the cold plate through the space. Edison applied for a patent for this discovery in 1884, but did not study it further. Scientists nearby used the Edison effect to develop the electronic industry, especially radio and television.
Edison tried to do for his eyes what the phonograph did for his ears, and the movie camera was born here. Using a piece of celluloid film newly invented by George Hysmans, he took a series of photos and projected them on the curtain quickly and continuously, creating the illusion of movement. He first experimented with movies in the laboratory in 1889 and applied for a patent in 1891. In 193, his company produced the first feature film "Train Robbery". Edison did a lot of work for the establishment and standardization of the film industry.
After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in p>1887, he founded many commercial companies to make products and promote his various inventions. These companies later merged into Edison General Electric Company, which was later called General Electric Company. Since then, his interest has turned to fluorescence, ore masher, magnetic separation of iron, storage battery and railway signal device.
during the first world war, he developed torpedo mechanism, flamethrower and underwater periscope.
On October 21st, 1929, on the 5th anniversary of the invention of electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison, and famous scientists such as Albert Einstein of Germany and Madame Curie of France (born in Poland) congratulated him. Unfortunately, at this celebration, when Edison gave a reply, he suddenly fainted because of excessive excitement. Since then, his health has gone from bad to worse. On October 18th, 1931, the scientist who made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84.
Edison's education level is extremely low, but his contribution to mankind is so great. What is the "secret" here? In addition to his curiosity, he has an instinct to experiment by himself, that is, he has infinite energy and courage to work hard beyond ordinary people. When someone called Edison a "genius", he explained: "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." He organized many people from different professions in the "invention factory", including more than 1 scientists, engineers, technicians and workers. Many of Edison's major inventions were successful by this collective strength. His achievements are mainly attributed to his diligence, creativity and collective strength. In addition, his wife also played a very important role.
Edison only attended primary school for three months in his life, and his knowledge came from his mother's teaching and self-study. His success should also be attributed to his mother's understanding and patient teaching since childhood, which made Edison, who was originally considered an imbecile, become a world-famous "king of inventions" when he grew up.
Some people have made statistics: about 1,3 inventions in Edison's life were officially registered in the Patent Office. 1881 was the highest record year for his invention. This year, he applied for filing 141 inventions, and there was a new invention every three days on average.
The life of the great inventor Edison tells us that great achievements come from hard work.
Edison will not be forgotten by people as time goes by. His life is glorious, and everything he has is for mankind. Edison had the determination to make electric lights when he was a child. He saved his mother with wisdom, and it was still time for surgery.
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