The opening report plays a key role in the smooth development of the entire research work on the topic, the following is a computer thesis opening report sample that I have collected and organized, welcome to read and view.
Thesis topic: A performance analysis model for cloud centers with batch arrivals
I. Background of the selected topic
Cloud computing is a network-based computing model. Users request computing resources from providers over the network, for example, requesting resources such as operating systems, runtime environments, or software packages. The user is actually assigned the resources without knowing the real runtime environment and the specific details of the assignment. That means cloud is a layer of abstraction between the user and the computing environment. In 1969, L. Kleinrock said that computer networks are still in their infancy, but as they grow and develop, we will see the same "computing services" as the electric power system and the telephone system in full use in individual homes and offices. This view of computing as a service predicts a major transformation of the entire computing industry in the 21st century. The cloud is a computing service model that is already on-demand, just like any other infrastructure service. Cloud computing has become the fifth public **** infrastructure after electricity, water, gas and telephone (1). Customers no longer need to invest much effort and financial resources in building and maintaining large and complex IT infrastructures. Instead, they only need to pay for the computing services they use. The service model of cloud computing can be divided into three layers: device-as-a-service (laaS), the device means hard disk, memory, server and network equipment, etc., which can be accessed through the network; platform-as-a-service (PaaS), which includes a number of computing platforms, such as hardware with an operating system, virtual servers, etc.; and software-as-a-service (SaaS), which includes software applications and other corresponding service Application. The definition of cloud computing is not unique, which can be more accurately characterized by H. Khazad in 2010, "Cloud computing is a new type of computing field, physical devices, hardware platforms and application software, and other ****-enjoyed resources through the network service mode to provide users with services according to their needs." [2] This definition describes several important features of cloud computing.
(1) Large-scale infrastructure. Cloud computing platforms that are underpinned by hyperscale hardware devices have superb computing power. Major globally recognized companies, such as roM, Amazon, Microsoft, etc., have hundreds of thousands of servers in the cloud service platform, and the number of servers in Google's cloud computing platform is more than a million. Even ordinary private clouds generally acquire hundreds or even thousands of servers.
(2) Based on virtualization technology. The resources that the user acquires from the cloud computing platform are virtualized. From the runtime, users can run applications hosted in the cloud without having to know exactly where they are running. From the endpoint, users can access the services they need from any location through their endpoint devices. In short, the user is always dealing with an interface to the cloud platform rather than a tangible, fixed entity.
(3) High reliability. Cloud computing uses data multi-copy fault tolerance technology, computing nodes isomorphic swap strategy to ensure the reliability of the cloud center. This level of reliability in cloud computing is unmatched by local computing.
(4) Generalizability. Cloud computing does not specialize in providing services for any one specific application. In fact, a user can create as many different applications as they need in a cloud computing platform, and a cloud computing platform can run many different applications for different users.
(5) Scalability. The size of the cloud computing platform can be contracted and expanded according to the actual needs, so as to meet the changes in the size of the platform request and the number of users.
(6) On-demand service. The usage fee payable by the user is calculated based on how much of the computing resources it uses. More users pay more, less users pay less, and no users pay nothing. This completely reduces the idleness of the user's resources during leisure time.
(7) Low cost. Through the use of fault-tolerant technology, you can use large-scale inexpensive server clusters as the hardware infrastructure to build a cloud computing platform, which greatly reduces the cost investment for cloud computing service providers. For users, a small amount of rent in exchange for the original need for high prices to obtain computing resources, and do not need to consider the hardware and software maintenance expenses, is also very cost-effective.
II. Purpose and Significance of the Study
Existing models of physical machines in cloud centers are usually single-task oriented, while service models for batch tasks are in the preliminary stage of research, and there is no mature model for performance evaluation and metrics changes. Therefore, in this paper, we use the ikT/G/m/w+t queuing system for batch-task oriented . Cloud centers are described and the +queueing system is modeled using the embedded Markov chain method, which enables accurate modeling and analysis of cloud centers.
III.The main theories involved in this research
Queuing is a common social phenomenon in daily life. Waiting for buses need to queue, go to the hospital to see a doctor need to queue, in the cafeteria to eat the same need to queue and so on. The emergence of queuing phenomenon requires two aspects at the same time, queuing individuals need to be served and the existence of service providers. The so-called queuing theory is modeled after the queuing phenomenon, first abstracted into a physical model, and then further establish a mathematical model of the theoretical system. Obviously, queuing theory studies the various states of a system when the system provides a certain service to users. In queuing theory, the person or thing requesting a service is usually called the customer, and the person or organization giving the service is called the service desk. The customer and the help desk then constitute a queuing system. Although there are many types of queuing system, but from the main factors that determine the process of queuing system, it is mainly composed of three parts: customer arrival, queuing process and service process.
(1) Customer arrival: The customer arrival process describes the law of customer arrival. The way customers arrive is usually one by one, in addition to bulk arrival, also called collective arrival. Customers may arrive one by one or in batches, and the length of time between customer arrivals is not unique. But there is always a certain pattern of arrival. This arrival pattern refers to the distribution of the arrival process or arrival time. The main content of the customer arrival process research will include the neighboring customers to arrive at the time interval to obey what kind of probability distribution, the probability of the distribution of the parameter value, the arrival time interval is independent of each other and so on.
(2) queuing process: in the queuing process, there are two main issues to be discussed, one is the queue length of the queue, the other is the rules of the queue. The queue length of queuing is categorized into two types: finite and infinite. The size of the queue length is different, the difficulty and conclusion of the discussion issues are different. In many cases, the queue length capacity is set to infinity to deal with the problem. Queuing rules include two parts: queue shape and waiting system. Queuing patterns include single queues, parallel multiple queues, tandem multiple queues, and jumbled queues. A parallel multiple queue is one that allows a queue to form in front of each of multiple windows. Arriving customers can choose a queue at the start of the queue based on the length of the queue. A tandem queue is, as the name implies, multiple queues formed in tandem, where customers receive service in one queue and then go to the next queue in line to receive service. Cluttered queue means that the series parallel queue will be cluttered distribution.
The main purpose of queuing model simulation is to find the optimal configuration between the service setup and the object to be served, so that the system has the most reasonable configuration and the best service efficiency. Markov process is the main method to study the queuing system. Markov process is a special kind of stochastic process which is characterized by no posteriority and its state space is finite or countably infinite. The process of jumping from one state to another in such systems depends only on the current state at the time of departure and is independent of the previous history. Markov chains have a wide range of applications as an important tool for studying queuing systems. However, not all queuing systems can be abstracted into Markov processes in the strict sense, so with the development of queuing processes, there are many extended models and regeneration methods to make Markov chains have a wider range of applications, such as the embedded Markov chain, the complementary variables method, and the proposed birth and death processes. This section first introduces Markov chains in the strictest sense, which can be divided into two categories according to time, discrete-time Markov chains and continuous-time processes.
Fourth, the main content of the research in this paper
This paper considers from the standpoint of the government, centering on how to successfully apply REITs in public rental housing construction financing, combining the relevant domestic situation and policies and existing domestic and international experience revelation, with the operation of REITs applied in public rental housing construction financing as the main research object. In addition to the introductory and concluding parts, the main content of this paper focuses on 2 to 5 chapters, ****4 parts: the first part, the study of domestic and foreign experience in the application of REITs and their successful experience in combining with the guaranteed housing, the foreign countries mainly examined the United States and the typical countries and regions in Asia, including Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong, and the domestic due to the experience of very little, the main study of CITIC one CapitaLand Science and Technology Park Investment Fund and Huixian Industry Trust are two typical cases. In the second part, the necessity and feasibility of the development of public rental housing REITs in China are studied in depth, in which the necessity analysis points out that REITs are an important way to expand the financing channels of public rental housing construction and improve the efficiency of public rental housing construction and management, and the feasibility is analyzed in detail from the two aspects of the economic and financial environment and the regulations and policies. In the third part, for the current status quo of domestic public rental housing management, the operation of REITs in public rental housing construction financing is elaborated in detail, including the basic mode and operation process of REITs, and further in-depth study of the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in REITs and the distribution of benefits, so as to put forward the agent's selection mechanism and incentive mechanism. It is worth pointing out that, at this time, in addition to serving as the payer of REITs subsidies, more importantly, the government is also the representative of REITs investors, and at different stages of REITs operation, the government participates in the internal game of REITs in different capacities. In the fourth part, from the perspective of the government as a regulator, a series of policy recommendations are put forward for the application of REITs in the financing of public rental housing construction in China, including that the government should improve the laws and regulations related to REITs and public rental housing, and establish a set of all-around regulatory system for REITs.
V. Writing Outline
Acknowledgments5-6
Chinese Abstract6-7
ABSTRACT7
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION10-17
1.1 Background and Significance of the Research10-11
1.1.1 Background of the Research10- 11
1.1.2 Significance of Research11
1.2 Research Status11-15
1.2.1 Foreign Research Status11-12
1.2.2 Domestic Research Status12-15
1.3 Thesis Contents and Structure15-17
1.3.1 Thesis Main Contents15
1.3.2 Thesis Structure15-17
Chapter 2 Application Experiences and Implications of REITs at Home and Abroad17-35
2.1 Application Experiences of REITs in the United States17-26
2.1.1 REITs in the United States and Their Application in the Construction of Low-cost Rental Housing17-21
2.1.2 The American REITs' Operation Models21-26
2.2 Application Experiences of REITs in Typical Countries and Regions of the Continent26-29
2.2.1 Operation Models of Japanese REITs26-27
2.2.2 Operation Models of Singaporean REITs27-28
2.2.3 Operation of Hong Kong REITs Mode 28-29
2.3 China's REITs Application Experience 29-32
2.3.1 CITIC-CAPITAL Science and Technology Park Investment Fund 29-30
2.3.2 Huixian Industrial Trust 30-32
2.4 Comparison of Domestic and Foreign REITs' Experience and Inspiration 32-35
2.4.1 Comparison of Domestic and International REITs' Experiences32-33
2.4.2 Experiences of REITs in China's Public Rental Housing Construction Financing33-35
Chapter 3: The Necessity and Feasibility Analysis of REITs in China's Public Rental Housing Construction Financing35-43
3.1 The Necessity and Feasibility Analysis of REITs in China's Public Rental Housing Construction Financing35-43
3.1 The Necessity and Feasibility Analysis of REITs in Public Rental Housing Construction Financing 35-37
3.1.1 REITs is an Important Way to Expand the Financing Channels of Public Housing Construction35-36
3.1.2 REITs is an Important Way to Improve the Efficiency of the Management of Public Housing Construction36-37
3.2 Feasibility Analysis of the Application of REITs in the Financing of Public Housing Construction 37-43
3.2.1 Relaxed economic and financial environment, abundant private capital37-41
3.2.2 Laws and regulations oriented, favorable policies 41-43
Chapter 4: The Operation of REITs in China's Public Rental Housing Construction Financing43-64
4.1 REITs in China's Public Rental Housing Construction Financing Basic Mode 43-47
4.1.1 Design Principles 43-44
4.1.2 Selection of Basic Forms 44-45
4.1.3 Organizational Structures Building 45-47
4.2 The Operation Process of REITs in China's Public Rental Housing Construction and Building Finance 47-50
4.2.1 Establishment of Issuance Stage 47-48
4.2.2 Operation and Management Stage 48-49
4.2.3 Termination and Liquidation Stage 49-50
4.3 Operation Mechanisms of REITs in China's Public Rental Housing Construction and Financing 50-64
4.3.1 Agency Problems in REITs Operation 50-52
4.3. 2 Agent Selection Mechanism 52-56
4.3.3 Agent Incentive Mechanism 56-64
Chapter 5 Policy Suggestions on the Application of REITs in China's Public Rental Housing Construction Financing 64-68
5.1 Improvement of Legal and Regulatory System 64-66
5.1.1 Building a Complete Legal and Regulatory System for REITs 64-65<
5.1.2 Improvement of laws and regulations related to public rental housing65-66
5.2 Establishment of regulatory system for REITs66-68
5.2.1 Clarification of governmental supervisory subjects and responsibilities66
5.2.2 Establishment of information disclosure system for REITs66-67
5.2.3 Guiding the public to conduct Supervision67-68
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Prospect68-70
6.1 Main Work and Conclusion of the Thesis68
6.2 Issues to be Further Studied68-70
References70-73