Machining process refers to the use of traditional machining methods, in accordance with the drawings of the drawings and dimensions, so that the shape of the blank, dimensions, relative position and nature of the qualified parts of the whole process, the machining process is the work that needs to be done by the workers before the processing, to avoid the occurrence of machining errors in the processing process, resulting in economic losses.
Machining process is the workpiece or part manufacturing and processing steps, the use of machining methods, directly change the shape, size and surface quality of the blank, etc., so that it becomes a part of the process is called machining process. For example, an ordinary part of the machining process is roughing-finishing-assembly-inspection-packaging, is a generalized process of machining.
Machining process is based on the process, change the shape, size, relative position and nature of the production object, so that it becomes a finished or semi-finished product, is a detailed description of each step, each process, for example, the above, roughing may include blank manufacturing, grinding, etc., finishing may be divided into the car, clamping, milling, and so on, each step will have detailed data, such as how much roughness to achieve, tolerances, and so on. For example, the roughness to achieve how much, tolerance to achieve how much.
Technical staff according to the number of products, equipment conditions and worker quality, etc., to determine the process used, and will be written into the relevant content of the process document, this document is called process regulations. This is more targeted. Each factory may not be the same, because the actual situation is different.
In a nutshell, the process is the program, the process is the detailed parameters of each step, the process is a specific factory according to the actual situation of the process.
Mechanical products are machinery manufacturers to the user or the market for the finished product or accessories such as automobiles, engines, machine tools, etc. are called mechanical products. Any mechanical product according to the traditional custom can be regarded as a number of components composed of components can be divided into different levels of sub-components (also known as sub-components or assemblies) up to the most basic parts unit.
1, the production process
Products of the production process refers to the raw material into a finished product of the whole process. Mechanical product production process generally includes:
(1) production and technical preparations such as process design and design and manufacture of special process equipment, production planning, preparation of production materials, etc.;
(2) the manufacture of blanks such as casting, forging, stamping, etc.
(3) the parts of the machining cutting, heat treatment, surface treatment, etc.
(4) the product of Assembly such as general assembly, part of the assembly, debugging inspection and painting, etc.;
(5) the production of services such as raw materials, purchased parts and tools supply, transportation, storage, etc..
2, production type
Enterprises (or workshop, section, group, workplace) the classification of the degree of specialization of production is called production type. Production types can be generally divided into: single-piece production, into mass production, mass production of three types.
3, single-piece production
The basic characteristics of single-piece production is: the production of a wide range of products, the output of each product is very small, and rarely repeated production. For example, heavy machinery products and new products such as trial production are single-piece production.
4, batch production
Batch production is basically characterized by: the production of the same products in batches, the production of cyclical repetition. Such as machine tool manufacturing, motor manufacturing and so on belong to the batch production. Batch production can be divided into its batch size of small batch production, batch production, mass production of three types. Among them, small batch production and mass production process characteristics and single piece production and mass production process characteristics are similar; in the batch production process characteristics between small batch production and mass production.
5, mass production
The basic characteristics of mass production is: large output, fewer varieties, most of the workplace for a long time to repeat the processing of a part of a process. For example, the manufacture of automobiles, tractors, bearings, etc. are mass production.
6, product design
Product design is the core of enterprise product development, product design must ensure that the technical advancement and economic rationality.
There are three general forms of product design, namely: innovative design, improvement design and deformation design. Innovative design (developmental design) is a new design according to the user's requirements; improve the design (adaptive design) is based on the user's requirements, the enterprise's original product improvement or restyling of the design, that is, only part of the structure or parts redesign; deformation design (parametric design) only to improve the product's part of the structural dimensions to form a series of products of the design. The basic content of product design includes: preparation of the design task book, program design, technical design and drawing design.
7, process design
The basic task of process design is to ensure that the production of products in line with the design requirements, the development of high-quality, high-yield, low-consumption product manufacturing process regulations, the development of the product trial and formal production of all the required process documentation. Including: process analysis and review of product drawings, the development of processing programs, the preparation of process procedures, as well as the design and manufacture of process equipment.
8, parts processing
Parts processing, including the production of blanks, as well as blanks for a variety of mechanical processing, special processing and heat treatment, so that it becomes a qualified parts process. Very few parts processing using precision casting or precision forging and other chipless processing methods. Usually the production of blanks casting, forging, welding, etc.; commonly used machining methods are: clamp processing, turning, drilling, planing, milling, boring, grinding, CNC machine processing, broaching, grinding, honing, etc.; commonly used heat treatment methods are: normalizing, annealing, tempering, aging, quenching, quenching, etc.; special machining: EDM molding process, EDM wire cutting processing, electrolytic processing, laser processing, ultrasonic processing and so on. Only according to the parts of the material, structure, shape, size, performance, etc., choose the appropriate processing method, in order to ensure the quality of the product, the production of qualified parts.
9, inspection
Inspection is the use of measuring instruments on the blank, parts, finished products, raw materials, such as dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, positional accuracy of the test, as well as through the visual inspection, non-destructive testing, mechanical properties of the product quality testing and metallurgical inspection and other methods of identification.
Measuring instruments including gauges and gauges. Commonly used measuring tape, tape measure, vernier calipers, calipers, plug gauges, micrometers, angle gauges, percentile tables, etc., to detect the length of the parts, thickness, angle, diameter of the outer circle, aperture and so on. In addition, the measurement of threads can be used thread micrometer, three-pin measuring method, thread sample plate, thread ring gauge, thread plug gauge, and so on.
Commonly used gauges are buoy pneumatic gauge, electronic gauge, electric gauge, optical gauge, CMM, etc., in addition to the length of the parts can be used to detect the thickness, diameter of the outer circle, aperture and other dimensions, but also on the shape of the parts and the position of the error measurement.
Special inspection mainly refers to the detection of defects in the internal and external parts. One of the non-destructive flaw detection is not to damage the object under the premise of detecting defects in the internal and external parts of modern inspection techniques. Nondestructive inspection methods are direct visual inspection, ray detection, ultrasonic flaw detection, magnetic flaw detection, etc., should be used according to the purpose of nondestructive testing, select the appropriate method and testing specifications.
10, assembly debugging
Any mechanical product is composed of several parts, assemblies and components. According to the specified technical requirements, the parts and components for the necessary fit and coupling, so that it becomes a semi-finished or finished product of the process is called assembly. The process of assembling parts and components into parts is called component assembly; the process of assembling parts, components and parts into a final product is called total assembly. Assembly is the last production stage in the mechanical manufacturing process, which also includes adjustment, testing, inspection, painting and packaging.
Common assembly tasks include: cleaning, coupling, calibration and matching, balancing, acceptance, and testing.
11, warehousing
Enterprise production of finished products, semi-finished products and a variety of materials in order to prevent loss or damage, into the warehouse for safekeeping, known as warehousing.
When the warehouse should be warehousing inspection, fill in the inspection records and the relevant original records; on the gauge, instruments and various tools to do maintenance, safekeeping; on the relevant technical standards, drawings, archives and other information to be properly stored; to keep the workplace and the indoor and outdoor clean, pay attention to fire prevention and humidity, and do a good job of security.
Machining development status:
With the rapid development of modern machining, machining technology is developing rapidly, and slowly emerged many advanced machining technology methods, such as micro-machining technology, rapid prototyping technology, precision ultra-precision machining technology.
1, micro-machining technology
With the development of micro / nano science and technology (Micro / NanoScienceandTechnology), the shape of its own size is small or very small operating scale as the characteristics of the micro-mechanical has become a high-tech people to understand and transform the microscopic world. Micromechanics has a broad application potential in aerospace, precision instruments, biomedical and other fields due to its ability to operate in a small space without disturbing the working environment and the characteristics of the object, and has become an important means of nanotechnology research, and thus has been highly valued and is listed as the first key technology of the 21st century.
2, rapid prototyping machining technology
Rapid prototyping technology is developed in the 20th century, according to the CAD model can be quickly manufactured sample or parts. It is a material accumulation processing manufacturing method, that is, through the orderly accumulation of materials to complete the three-dimensional molding. Rapid prototyping technology integrates CNC technology, material technology, laser technology and CAD technology and other modern scientific and technological achievements, is an important part of modern advanced machining technology.
3, precision and ultra-precision machining technology
Precision and ultra-precision machining when the modern machining manufacturing technology is an important part of the measure of a country's high-tech manufacturing level of one of the important indicators. 1960s, with the development of computers and information technology, the manufacturing technology has put forward higher requirements, not only for extremely high dimensional, shape and positional accuracy, but also the requirement to obtain a high degree of precision. Size, shape and positional accuracy, but also requires a very high surface quality. It is in this market demand, ultra-precision machining technology has been rapid development, a variety of processes, new methods continue to emerge.