The risk characteristics of international engineering construction projects are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
be related
From the beginning of design to the end of trial operation, the risks of international engineering construction projects are interactive. The design of the second phase of the Maldives housing project must take into account various factors of material procurement. Because building materials in Maldives are very scarce, and the use standards of hydropower materials are different from those in China, the domestic design needs to consider the factors of material procurement.
dynamic
Because the general period of international engineering construction projects is relatively long, the risks that each link should face are not consistent because of different subjects, so the risks will be dynamic. For example, in the process of purchasing raw materials such as sand, cement and steel bars. , it is necessary to buy from China or other neighboring countries. The delivery time of materials is influenced by uncertain factors in delivery and transportation, so it is not convenient to determine the arrival time of materials.
complexity
Generally speaking, compared with domestic construction projects, international construction projects are more complicated. Because the tiles in building materials are fragile, they may be affected by transit time, workers' working attitude and mechanical equipment performance, so it is difficult to control their loss. In the use of labor force, due to a large number of workers from other countries, it is inevitable that there will be various unforeseen problems in the management process. In the maintenance stage, due to the influence of rainy season, the floor slab absorbs water and expands, which leads to problems such as floor tile tilting and hollowing. This greatly increases the complexity of international engineering.
novel
A great deal of engineering practical experience and historical data of international engineering construction projects have not been well accumulated, and many new problems will be found in the process of on-site implementation, and many good experiences of previous construction projects can not be obtained. Therefore, international engineering construction projects show their novelty.
Main risk types of international engineering construction projects
The factors affecting the risk of international engineering general contracting projects are various and complicated, which can be basically summarized into the following six categories, including external factors: natural risk, political risk, economic risk and social risk. Internal influencing factors: management risk, technical risk, etc.
Natural risk
The natural environment is the most obvious influencing factor in all construction projects. Due to the long construction period of general construction projects, whether a construction project can withstand the test of natural environment largely determines whether the construction project can be completed safely and has great influence on civilized construction. For example, the climate of Maldives is different from that of China, with four distinct seasons, but it has always been in a state of high temperature and strong sunshine. If the concrete is not effectively controlled in the curing process, it is easy to produce cracks. On the other hand, when the rainy season comes, due to heavy rainfall, urgent rain and long time, the construction progress is often blocked, which will slow down the progress and inevitably increase the management cost of the project. In addition, Maldives is located in the tropics, where malaria is frequent. Compared with the local people, the physical quality of the project manager or China workers can't adapt to the local environment well, and they are prone to diseases such as dengue fever. In addition, the local medical conditions are far worse than those in China, and employees may need more time to recover. Therefore, natural risks have a considerable impact on international engineering construction from all aspects.
Political risk
The political stability of each country will have a great impact on the safety of its own infrastructure construction. Because it is basically clearly stipulated that the political risks will be borne by the owners when signing the contract, they often try their best to avoid the risks, which leads to the problem that the contractor cannot obtain relevant compensation. In addition, due to the inconsistency of national laws and policies, stability cannot be guaranteed. In the process of construction, there may be problems in violation of local laws, which will also affect the progress of the project. Therefore, political risk is an item that cannot be ignored in overseas projects.
Economic risk
Because the currency exchange rates of the two countries were fluctuating before, this led the contractor to bear certain economic risks. In addition, rising prices, unstable material procurement costs, and engineering contracts are generally signed in the form of fixed lump sum contract, which leads to unpredictable problems in the actual development of international engineering construction projects. At the same time, due to the large scale of international engineering projects, involving more liquidity, progress payments and retention funds, contractors must have sufficient economic sources and bear certain economic risks before and after bank loans.
social risk
Social risks generally appear in the form of cultural differences, religious beliefs and social stability. First of all, the cultural differences between the host country and China are different, which requires China employees to know the local customs and habits before entering the project to avoid problems in their future work. For example, drinking and eating pork are prohibited in Maldives, which requires employees of enterprises in China to be strict and self-disciplined and not to engage in acts contrary to local customs. Secondly, due to the political turmoil of the government, the problem of social stability is more serious at a certain stage. The project department requires that no one should go out at night to avoid personal injury.
Managing risk
Because project management covers design, procurement, construction and other links, the links in the actual operation of the project are complicated and have great mutual influence, which greatly increases the difficulty of management and makes the management risk more severe for international projects. Many management tasks are more complicated than domestic projects. For example, in terms of labor management, due to the introduction of a large number of Bangladeshi laborers in the second phase of the Maldives housing project, due to differences and problems in living habits, religious beliefs, language exchange, and management personnel, labor management issues cannot be ignored.
technical risk
Generally speaking, the technical requirements of international projects are relatively high, so contractors are also required to have strong technical capabilities, including whether geological exploration is comprehensive and whether design specifications are familiar. For example, the second phase of Maldives residential project is different from domestic hydropower installation, and the relevant codes and standards are quite different, so it is necessary to bear certain technical risks from design to construction. Therefore, if the contractor can't guarantee the high-standard design and construction ability, even if he wins the bid, he may not be able to guarantee the smooth completion.
Risk control measures for the second phase of residential projects in Maldives
Risk control of contract claim
Compared with domestic construction projects, international projects strictly abide by the terms of the contract, and all claims will be made in strict accordance with the contract. Although China has contracted more and more overseas projects in recent years, there are also many projects with huge losses, so it can not be ignored to completely avoid the risks of project contracting. Before the bidding and signing of the second phase project in Maldives, the company arranged several field visits to Maldives, and on the basis of fully understanding the national laws of Maldives, the passive situation in project implementation was avoided.
Project cost risk control
1) Strengthen design optimization. Firstly, this project carries out functional analysis and evaluation, and combines economic comparative analysis to optimize the design. On the one hand, it is beneficial to control the cost, and at the same time, through the comparison and selection of various design schemes, the function of building products is more reasonable, the construction cost is reduced, and the engineering value is improved. 2) Strengthen logistics risk control. If the logistics transportation cost is not well controlled, it will bring greater risks to the project. All materials of this project are purchased from neighboring countries of China or Maldives, and the time control of materials and machines before and after leaving the port is not good, which leads to port detention and huge expenses. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the time before the goods are assembled at the port, and arrange manpower before arriving at the Maldives customs to avoid port detention. As this project is a national preferential project, some goods are given tax-free preferential treatment, and the goods are reported to the tax-free list in time before shipment, so as to actively communicate with the owner to avoid port detention. This project also inspects local freight forwarders and plans to sign transportation contracts to control transportation risks.
Project management risk control
On the one hand, before the implementation of this project, the risk management is analyzed, the risk prevention system is established, and the project construction is planned by scientific methods to avoid foreseeable risk events. On the other hand, when the project department was established, only the project management team with strong working ability was selected to effectively manage the construction team. At the same time, managers' professional skills, foreign language communication ability and organization and coordination ability are the selection criteria. In terms of employment, the "Measures for the Management of On-site Labor Services" has been specially formulated to manage labor services in an orderly manner. At the same time, China workers and Bangladeshi workers live together. In the early stage, China workers teach while doing. When Bangladeshi workers are skilled, the ratio of China workers to Bangladeshi workers will increase, and the construction cost will also be reduced.
If domestic construction enterprises in China want to grow and develop continuously, they must go abroad and undertake international projects. Therefore, this requires our enterprises to have a deep understanding of the norms of international engineering on the basis of high-level technology and management. At the same time, employees are required to break through language barriers and improve their adaptability to the new environment. Of course, compared with domestic projects, cultural differences, security restrictions, lack of materials, labor procurement and other issues are more prominent. Therefore, we must overcome all kinds of problems to ensure that foreign-related projects can be completed with high quality, and more "China creations" will emerge.
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