First, the lubrication work of the machine tool itself should use anti-wear hydraulic oil, and the national standard 46 anti-wear hydraulic oil can meet it.
Second, the lubrication of products (workpieces) and tools processed by machine tools needs cooling and lubrication during cutting and turning to ensure the normal operation of machine tools. At this time, cutting oil is needed. Therefore, anti-wear hydraulic oil and cutting oil are essential oils for CNC machine tools.
Chibit lubricating oil hydraulic oil has excellent anti-wear, anti-rust and anti-corrosion properties, effectively extending the service life of equipment; Excellent foam resistance and gas release, so that the power transmission is balanced and accurate; High oxidation stability, extending the service life of oil products; Good hydrolysis stability and excellent water separation characteristics ensure very good filterability of oil products; High cleaning performance can effectively prevent the occurrence of operational failures, such as servo valves caused by solid particles.
Chipit lubricating oil cutting oil has the following advantages: excellent emulsification and emulsion stability, and can be quickly prepared into stable emulsion by adding water; The emulsion has good lubricity, coolability and cleanability, high workpiece smoothness and long tool life; The emulsion has good rust resistance, adverse reaction and corrosiveness to nonferrous metals; Good safety, no adverse effects on people and the environment.
Extended data
Cnc lathe
CNC lathe is one of the most widely used CNC machine tools at present. It is mainly used for cutting internal and external cylindrical surfaces, internal and external conical surfaces with arbitrary cone angles, complex revolving internal and external curved surfaces, cylindrical surfaces and tapered threads of shaft parts or disc parts, and can be used for slotting, drilling, reaming and boring.
The NC machine tool automatically processes the machined parts according to the pre-programmed processing program. According to the instruction code and program format specified by the NC machine tool, we write the processing route, process parameters, tool path, displacement, cutting parameters and auxiliary functions of the parts into a processing program sheet, and then record the contents of this program sheet on the control medium, and then input it into the NC device of the NC machine tool, thus guiding the machine tool to process parts.
Brief introduction of institutions
Numerical control (NC) technology refers to the technology of controlling the action of one or more mechanical devices with digital instructions composed of numbers, characters and symbols. Numerical control generally uses general or special computers to realize digital program control, so numerical control is also called computerized numerical control, or CNC for short. Generally called CNC abroad, the concept of NC is rarely used again. ?
Usually control mechanical quantities such as position, angle and speed, as well as switching quantities related to the flow direction of mechanical energy. The appearance of numerical control depends on the appearance of data carrier and binary data operation. 1908, perforated metal foil interchangeable data carrier came out; At the end of 19, a control system with auxiliary functions was invented with paper as the data carrier. During the period of 1938, Shannon carried out rapid data calculation and transmission at MIT, which laid the foundation for modern computers, including computer numerical control systems.
Numerical control technology is closely combined with machine tool control and developed. 1952, the first CNC machine tool came out, which became an epoch-making event in the history of the world machinery industry and promoted the development of automation.
Numerical control technology, also called CNC (Computerized Numerical Control), is a technology that uses computers to realize digital program control.
This technology uses a computer to perform the logical control functions of the equipment motion trajectory and the peripheral equipment operation sequence according to the pre-stored control program. Because the computer is used to replace the original numerical control device composed of hardware logic circuits, various control functions such as storage, processing, calculation and logical judgment of input operation instructions can be realized through computer software, and the micro-instructions generated by processing are transmitted to the servo drive device to drive the motor or hydraulic actuator to drive the equipment to run.
Traditional machining is to operate ordinary machine tools by hand. When machining, the metal is cut by shaking mechanical tools by hand, and the precision of the product is measured by calipers with eyes and other tools. Modern industry has long used computer-controlled machine tools to operate, and CNC machine tools can automatically process any products and parts directly according to the programs compiled by technicians in advance. This is what we call NC machining. Numerical control machining is widely used in various fields of mechanical processing, and it is also the development trend and important and necessary technical means of mold processing.
CNC lathe, also known as CNC lathe, is the CNC lathe with the largest usage and the widest coverage in China, accounting for about 25% of the total number of CNC machine tools. Numerical control machine tool is a mechatronics product which integrates many technologies such as machinery, electricity, hydraulics, pneumatics, microelectronics and information. It is a machine tool with high precision, high efficiency, high automation and high flexibility in mechanical manufacturing equipment.
The technical level of CNC machine tools and its proportion in the output and total ownership of metal cutting machine tools are one of the important symbols to measure the national economic development and the overall level of industrial manufacturing. CNC lathe is one of the main varieties of CNC machine tools, which occupies a very important position in CNC machine tools. For decades, it has been highly valued by countries all over the world and developed rapidly.
Since the advent of CNC lathes in 1950s, using CNC lathes to process parts with complex shapes in single production and small batch production has not only improved labor productivity and processing quality, but also shortened the production preparation period and lowered the requirements for workers' technical proficiency. Therefore, it has become an important development direction to realize technological innovation and revolution in single piece and small batch production. Countries all over the world are also vigorously developing this new technology.
We know that automatic and semi-automatic lathes can be used to automate the production process for mass-produced parts. However, it is always a difficult problem to realize automation of parts produced in small batches. For a long time in the past, it was always impossible to solve it satisfactorily. Especially in the processing of parts with complex shapes and high machining accuracy, it has been in a state of stagnation on the road of automation. Although some copying devices have been used to solve some problems, practice has proved that copying lathe can not completely solve this problem.
The appearance of CNC lathe (machine tool) has opened up a broad road for fundamentally solving this problem, so it has become an important development direction in machining. ?
trait
CNC machine tool is the abbreviation of CNC machine tool, and it is an automatic machine tool with program control system. The control system can use control codes or other symbolic instructions to logically process and decode the program, so as to make the machine tool move and process parts.
Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:
High machining precision and stable machining quality;
Multi-coordinate linkage can be carried out to process parts with complex shapes;
When the machined parts change, it is generally only necessary to change the numerical control program, which can save the production preparation time;
The machine tool itself has high precision and rigidity, and can choose favorable processing dosage and high productivity (generally 3~5 times that of ordinary machine tools);
The machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can reduce labor intensity;
The quality of operators is required to be higher, and the technical requirements of maintenance personnel are higher.
selection principle
Get ready.
Determine the process requirements of typical parts and the batch number of the workpiece to be processed, and draw up the functions that CNC lathes should have, that is, make preparations early and choose CNC lathes reasonably on the premise of meeting the process requirements of typical parts.
The process requirements of typical parts are mainly the structural size, processing range and accuracy requirements of parts. According to the accuracy requirements, that is, the dimensional accuracy, positioning accuracy and surface roughness requirements of the workpiece, the control accuracy of the CNC lathe is selected. According to reliability, reliability is the guarantee to improve product quality and production efficiency. The reliability of CNC machine tools refers to the long-term stable and trouble-free operation of machine tools when they perform their functions under specified conditions. That is, the average time between failures is long, and even if something goes wrong, it can be recovered and put into use again in a short time. Choose a machine tool with reasonable structure, excellent manufacturing and mass production. Generally speaking, the more users, the higher the reliability of CNC system.
Machine tool accessories and tools
For CNC lathes and turning centers that have been put into production, machine tool accessories, spare parts and their supply capacity and cutting tools are very important. When choosing a machine tool, you must carefully consider the compatibility of tools and accessories.
control system
Manufacturers generally choose the products of the same manufacturer, or at least choose the control system of the same manufacturer, which brings great convenience to the maintenance work. Teaching units need students to be well informed, so it is wise to choose different systems and equip them with various simulation software.
Cost-effective choice.
Don't idle away functions and precision, and don't choose functions that have nothing to do with your own needs.
Protection of machine tools
When necessary, the machine tool can be equipped with a fully enclosed or semi-enclosed protective device and an automatic chip removal device.
When choosing CNC lathe and turning center, the above principles should be considered comprehensively.
fundamental/essential component
CNC lathe consists of CNC device, lathe bed, headstock, tool rest feed system, tailstock, hydraulic system, cooling system, lubrication system and chip removal device.
CNC lathes are divided into vertical CNC lathes and horizontal CNC lathes.
Vertical CNC lathe is used to turn disc parts with large rotary diameter.
Horizontal CNC lathe is used to turn long or small disc parts in the axial direction.
Horizontal CNC lathes can be further divided into economical CNC lathes, ordinary CNC lathes and turning centers according to their functions.
Economical CNC lathe: a simple CNC lathe formed by transforming the turning feed system of ordinary lathe with stepping motor and single chip microcomputer. Low cost, poor automation and function, and low turning accuracy. Suitable for turning rotary parts with low requirements.
Ordinary CNC lathe: CNC lathe with special design in structure and general CNC system according to turning requirements. The numerical control system has strong functions, high degree of automation and high machining accuracy, and is suitable for turning general rotary parts. This CNC lathe can control two coordinate axes at the same time, namely X axis and Z axis.
turning center
Turning center: On the basis of ordinary CNC lathe, C-axis and power head are added. A more advanced machine tool also has a tool magazine, which can control three coordinate axes of X, Z and C. The linkage control axis can be (X, Z), (X, C) or (Z, C). With the addition of C axis and milling power head, the machining function of this CNC lathe is greatly enhanced. In addition to general turning, it can also be used for radial and axial milling, curved surface milling, and drilling holes and radial holes whose center line is not in the rotation center of parts.
Hydraulic chuck and hydraulic tailstock
Hydraulic chuck is an important accessory for clamping workpiece in NC turning, and ordinary hydraulic chuck can be used for general rotary parts. For parts that are not cylindrical, special chucks are needed. When machining parts directly with bar, a spring chuck is needed. For parts with a large ratio of axial dimension to radial dimension, it is necessary to support the end of the part with a movable center installed on the hydraulic tailstock to ensure the correct machining of the part. Tailstock has common hydraulic tailstock and programmable hydraulic tailstock.
Universal tool rest
CNC lathe can be equipped with two kinds of tool rest:
(1) Special tool rest: lathe manufacturers develop their own tools, and the tool rest used is also special. The advantage of this tool holder is low manufacturing cost, but it lacks universality.
② General tool rest: tool rest produced according to certain general standards (such as VDI, German Association of Engineers). CNC lathe manufacturers can choose and configure according to the functional requirements of CNC lathes.
Milling power head
After the milling power head is installed on the tool rest of CNC lathe, the machining ability of CNC lathe can be greatly expanded. For example, the milling power head is used for axial drilling and milling axial grooves.
Numerical control lathe tool
When turning parts on a CNC lathe or turning center, we should arrange the position of the tool on the tool rest reasonably and scientifically according to the tool rest structure of the lathe and the number of tools that can be installed, and pay attention to avoid the interference between the tool and the machine tool, the tool and the workpiece and the tool when the tool is at rest or working.
Machine tool composition
The main machine is the main body of CNC machine tools, including machine bed, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical parts. It is a mechanical component used to complete various cutting processes.
Numerical control device is the core of numerical control machine tool, including hardware (printed circuit board, CRT display, key box, paper tape reader, etc. ) and corresponding software are used to input digital parts programs, and complete the storage, data conversion, interpolation operation and various control functions of input information.
The driving device is the driving part of the executive mechanism of CNC machine tools, including spindle driving unit, feed unit, spindle motor and feed motor. Under the control of numerical control device, he realizes the spindle and feed drive through electric or electro-hydraulic servo system. When multiple feeds are linked, positioning, straight line, plane curve and space curve can be processed.
Auxiliary equipment refers to some supporting components necessary for the operation of CNC machine tools, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring and so on. It includes hydraulic and pneumatic devices, a chip removal device, an exchange workbench, a numerical control turntable and a numerical control indexing head, as well as a cutter and a monitoring detection device.
Programming and other auxiliary equipment can be used to program and store parts outside the machine.
Since MIT developed the first CNC machine tool in the world in 1952, CNC machine tools have been widely used in manufacturing industry, especially in automobile, aerospace and military industry, and CNC technology has developed rapidly in both hardware and software.
Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-CNC machine tools