Oil drilling rigs are complete drilling equipment used for oil and gas exploration and development. The disk drilling rig is the basic form of drilling equipment, also known as conventional drilling rig. In addition, in order to adapt to a variety of geographic environments and geological conditions to speed up the drilling speed, reduce drilling costs, improve the overall efficiency of drilling, in recent years, countries around the world in the rotary drilling rig on the basis of a variety of types of special-purpose drilling rigs, such as desert drilling rigs, clumping wells drilling rigs, top-drive rigs, small boreholes drilling rigs, continuous flexible pipe drilling rigs and other special drilling rigs.
The modern drilling rig is a large integrated unit, in order to meet the needs of oil and gas drilling, the whole rig is composed of a number of systems and equipment. This chapter briefly introduces the basic concepts and basic knowledge about drilling rigs as a whole.
Section I. Requirements of drilling technology on drilling rigs and characteristics of drilling rigs
I. Requirements of drilling technology on drilling rigs
Configuration of drilling rig equipment is closely related to drilling methods, and at present the drilling method commonly adopted by countries around the world is the rotary drilling method. That is to say, use the drill bit to rotate and break the rock to form the well body; use the drilling column to send the
drill bit to the bottom of the well; use the big hook, rover, crane and winch to raise and lower the drilling rod column; use the turntable
or the top drive to drive the drill bit and the drilling rod column to rotate; and use the drilling pump to deliver the high-pressure drilling fluid to bring
out the rock debris from the bottom of the well, as in the figure on the right
Obviously, the rotary drilling method The drilling machinery and equipment are required to have the following three basic capabilities:
(1) Rotary drilling capability: The drilling process requires that the drilling machinery and equipment be able to provide a certain torque and rotational speed for the drilling tools (drill pipe and bit) and maintain a certain drilling pressure (the drill pipe captures the gravitational force used on the drill bit).
(2) Lifting and lowering ability of drilling tools: the drilling process requires that the drilling machinery and equipment should have a certain lifting capacity and lifting speed (capable of lifting out or lowering in all the drill pipes and casing pipes).
(3) ability to clean the bottom of the well: the drilling process requires that the drilling machinery and equipment should have the ability to clean the bottom of the well and carry
rock chips, can provide high pump pressure, so that the drilling fluid through the hole in the drilling rod and column, impact cleaning the bottom of the well, and carry the rock chips out of the well.
In addition, taking into account the characteristics of drilling operations with high mobility, the drilling rig equipment should be easy to install, dismantle and transport. The use of drilling rig maintenance work must be simple and easy, the rig's wear parts should be easy to replace.
The configuration of drilling rig equipment and the working capacity and technical index of various equipment are determined according to the above three basic requirements of drilling process on the drilling rig. In the basic parameters of the drilling rig on the turntable torque and power, large hook lifting and power, drilling pump permissible pump pressure and power requirements. In these three sets of parameters, the torque of the turntable, the lifting capacity of the big hook, and the permissible pump pressure of the drilling pump are all limited by the strength of the machine parts.
Under the condition that the strength meets the usage requirements, the turntable should have a certain rotational speed; the big hook should have a certain lifting speed; and the drilling pump should have a certain displacement, otherwise the drilling operation can not be carried out smoothly. The joint requirements of torque and rotational speed, lifting weight and lifting speed, pump pressure and displacement are the power requirements of the working machine. In order to ensure a certain rotational speed, lift speed and displacement, a certain amount of power should be supplied.
Second, the characteristics of the drilling rig
Based on the requirements of the drilling process and the special characteristics of the drilling site, the drilling rig shows different characteristics with the general-purpose machinery, which are summarized as follows:
(1) In order to complete the drilling and up and down drilling drilling operations, the drilling rig must be a set of high-power, heavy-duty combined work unit.
Because the engine is a single characteristic, while the working machine and the bottom of the well drilling tool requires different characteristics, so from the engine to the working machine and the bottom of the well drilling tool has a different energy conversion, movement changes and a long energy transfer route, which inevitably results in the drilling rig transmission mechanism is huge, the overall efficiency of the overall low, the complexity of the control machine mechanism, the degree of automation is low.
(2) Drilling operation is discontinuous.
In deep-well drilling, the auxiliary operation of non-productive nature of up and down drilling jumps to the main position, so the hoisting unit becomes the main working unit. A great deal of energy must be expended in lifting up the drill, and the energy generated in lowering the drill cannot be recovered, resulting in a great loss of energy.
(3) The working place of the drilling machine is different from the general machine.
It is in the mines, mountains, deserts, swamps and the ocean for mobile operations. This requires that the rig must have a high degree of mobility, that is, the equipment is easy to dismantle, easy to install, the size and weight suitable for large pieces of shipment or the whole hauling. In order to adapt to the transportation conditions in various regions, the rig should have different forms of base mechanism.
Section 2, the composition and types of drilling rigs
One, the composition of the drilling rig
Modern drilling rigs, that is, the conventional drilling rigs common to all countries in the world is a set of large-scale integrated unit, the whole set of drilling rigs by the power and transmission system, the work system, the control system, the auxiliary system, and a number of other systems and the corresponding equipment. Generally speaking, the large-scale comprehensive set should include:
(1) power system: provide energy for the whole set of equipment;
(2) transmission system: transfer, transport, distribution of energy for the working set of equipment;
(3) work system: according to the requirements of the process of the work of the equipment;
(4) control system: control of the various systems, equipment According to the process requirements of the work of the equipment;
(5) auxiliary system: to assist the main system work equipment.
The drilling rig is no exception, should also include these five systems. The difference is that the working system of the drilling rig is relatively large, the working condition and working characteristics of each unit are different, so people in accordance with the working characteristics of the working unit of the drilling rig, the working system of the drilling rig is divided into three parts, that is, the rotating system, the lifting system and the circulating system, and in addition, the drilling rig base is listed as a separate system. In this way, it seems that the whole set of drilling rig is composed of the following eight systems and equipment, as shown in Figure 1-2.
1 Rotary system equipment
In order to rotate the drilling tools in the well and drive the drill bit to break the rock, the drilling rig is equipped with a rotary system. It mainly consists of a turntable, a tap, a drill pipe column and a drill bit. In addition, the tap, drill pipe column and drill bit also play a role in circulating high-pressure drilling fluid. The turntable is the core of the rotary system and is one of the three main working machines of the drilling rig.
Top-drive drilling rigs are equipped with a top-drive drilling unit, which drives the rotation of the drill pipe columns and bits instead of the turntable.
2 Circulation system equipment
In order to clean the bottom of the well in time, carry rock chips and protect the well wall, the drilling rig is equipped with a drilling fluid circulation system. There are mainly drilling pumps, high-pressure pipe manifolds on the ground, drilling fluid purification equipment and drilling fluid mixing device (solid control equipment). When drilling with downhole power drilling tools, the circulation system is also responsible for providing high-pressure drilling fluid, driving downhole turbine drilling tools or screw drilling tools to drive the drill bit to break up the rock. The drilling pump is the core of the circulation system and is one of the three main working machines of the drilling rig.
3. Drilling system equipment
In order to raise and lower the drilling tools, lower the casing, control the drilling pressure and bit feeding, etc., the drilling rig is equipped with a hoisting system to assist in completing the drilling operation. This equipment mainly consists of drilling winches, auxiliary brakes, traveler systems [such as wire rope, overhead crane, traveler slide] large hooks and derricks. In addition, there are wellhead tools and mechanical equipment used for up and down operations [such as rings, lifting cards, kava, power jaws, standing root moving mechanism, etc.]. The winch is the core of the hoisting system and is one of the three main working machines of the rig.
The above three major system equipment is directly serving the drilling production, is the rig's three major working system unity. Winch turntable drilling pump is called the three major working machines of the drilling rig.
4. power-driven system equipment
Power-driven system equipment refers to the whole set of units [the three working units and other auxiliary units] to provide energy for the equipment, can be diesel engines and their fuel supply equipment, or AC, DC motors and their power supply, protection, control equipment.
5. Transmission system equipment
Transmission system equipment refers to the connection between the power machine and the working machine, the realization of the energy transfer from the driving equipment to the working group, distribution and mode of motion conversion equipment. It includes deceleration, merging, reversing and speed change mechanism.
The commonly used mechanical transmission vice in the drilling rig is mainly chain, triangle tape, gear and universal shaft. In addition, many drilling rigs also use hydraulic transmission, hydraulic transmission, electric transmission and other forms of transmission.
6. Control system and monitoring and display instrumentation
In order to command and control the coordinated work of each unit, the whole set of drilling rigs are equipped with a variety of control devices, commonly used mechanical control, gas control, electric control, liquid control and electric, gas, liquid mixed control. Mechanically driven drilling rigs generally adopt centralized and unified gas control. Modern drilling rigs are also equipped with a variety of drilling instruments and measurement systems with drilling, monitoring and displaying the working conditions of the relevant systems and equipment on the ground, measuring downhole parameters, and realizing borehole trajectory control.
7. Drilling rig base
The base includes the base of the drilling platform and the base of the machine room, which is used for installing the drilling rig equipment and facilitating the transportation of the drilling rig equipment. Drilling platform base for the installation of derricks, turntables, placed in the root box and the necessary wellhead tools and drilling console, and most of them have to install the winch. The rig base should accommodate the necessary wellhead tools and therefore must be of sufficient height, area and rigidity. The engine room base is mainly used to install the power unit and transmission system equipment, therefore, it should also have enough area and rigidity to ensure that the engine room equipment can be quickly installed to find the right, smooth work and easy to move and transport. The base of clump well drilling rig must meet the special requirements of clump drilling.
8. Auxiliary equipment
The complete set of drilling rigs must also have gas supply equipment, auxiliary power generation equipment, wellhead blowout prevention equipment, drilling equipment and auxiliary lifting equipment, drilling in cold areas must also be equipped with heat preservation equipment.
Second, the type of drilling rig
The world's major oil companies, the drilling rig manufacturers in accordance with their respective characteristics, the classification of oil drilling rigs are not the same. Generally speaking, oil drilling rigs can be categorized according to the following methods.
1. According to the drilling method
By the different drilling methods can be divided into: impact drilling rigs (also known as ton drilling rigs, initially used for drilling water wells. 1859, American Drake introduced it into the oil drilling), rotary drilling rigs (which is represented by the carousel rotary drilling rigs, which have also become the conventional drilling rigs, is the common rigs in countries all over the world at present).
2. According to the source of power to drive the drill bit to rotate
By the different sources of power to drive the drill bit to rotate the drill rig can be divided into: turntable-driven rotary drilling rigs, downhole-driven rotary drilling rigs (turntable rotary drilling rigs plus downhole-driven drilling rigs), and top-driven rotary drilling rigs (turntable rotary drilling rigs plus top-driven drilling rigs).
3. According to the type of drive equipment
By the different types of drive equipment can be divided into: diesel-driven rigs (diesel-driven rigs can be divided into diesel-driven-mechanical rotary rigs and diesel-driven-hydraulic drive rigs), electric-driven drilling rigs (electric-driven drilling rigs can be divided into DC-driven rigs and AC-driven rigs). (electric-driven drilling rigs can be divided into direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) driven drilling rigs).
Direct current drive drilling rigs include: direct-direct current drive drilling rigs (DC-DC) and alternating-direct current drive drilling rigs (AC-SCR-DC).
Alternating current drive drilling rigs include: alternator (or industrial power grid)-ac motor drive drilling rigs (AC-AC) and AC variable frequency drive drilling rigs under development, i.e., alternator-variable frequency governor-ac motor drive drilling rig (AC-VFD-AC).
4. According to the working machine grouping
By the different working machine grouping, the drilling rigs can be classified into: unified-driven drilling rigs, individually-driven drilling rigs, and group-driven drilling rigs.
5. According to the main drive subtype
By the different types of main drive subtype can be divided into: tape drilling rigs, chain drilling rigs, gear drilling rigs.
6. According to the drilling depth
The drilling rigs can be classified according to the different drilling depths: shallow drilling rigs (drilling depth of not more than 1500m), medium-depth drilling rigs (drilling depth of 1500~3000m), deep drilling rigs (drilling depth of 3000~5000m), and ultra-deep drilling rigs (drilling depth of more than 5000m).
7. According to the use of the region and purpose
By the use of the region and purpose of the different drilling rigs can be divided into: marine drilling rigs, shallow sea drilling rigs (suitable for water depths of 0 ~ 5m or swampy areas), conventional drilling rigs, clumping wells drilling rigs, desert drilling rigs, helicopter lifting drilling rigs small boreholes drilling rigs, continuous flexible pipe drilling rigs, and so on.
Section III, the basic parameters of the drilling rig and China's drilling rig series of standards
I, the basic parameters of the drilling rig
The basic parameters of the drilling rig refers to reflect the basic performance of the drilling rig's technical indicators, also known as the characteristics of the parameters. Such as nominal drilling depth, maximum column weight, maximum hook load. Basic parameters are the main technical basis for the design, manufacture, selection, use, maintenance and transformation of drilling rigs.
The basic parameters of the drilling rig are mainly composed of the main parameters, the parameters of the hoisting system, the parameters of the rotating system, the parameters of the circulating system, and the parameters of the driving system according to the classification of the system.
1. Main parameter
Among the basic parameters, the most important one is selected as the main parameter. The main parameter should have the following characteristics: it can most directly reflect the drilling capacity and main performance of the drilling rig; it has influence and decision on other parameters; it can be used to calibrate the model of the drilling rig and as the main technical basis for the design and selection of the drilling rig.
China's drilling rig standards use the nominal drilling depth L (the upper limit of the nominal drilling depth range) as the main parameter. Because the maximum drilling depth of the drilling rig affects and determines the size of other parameters.
1) Nominal Drilling Depth L
Nominal Drilling Depth L is the maximum depth of the well that can be drilled by the rig using 127mm (5in) drill pipe columns with the number of ropes specified in the standard.
2) Nominal Drilling Depth Range Lmin to Lmax
The nominal drilling depth range Lmin to Lmax is the range between the minimum drilling depth, Lmin, and the maximum drilling depth, Lmax, that can be economically utilized by the drilling rig. The lower limit of the nominal drilling depth range, Lmin, overlaps with the previous level, Lmax, and its upper limit is the nominal drilling depth for that level of the rig.
2. Parameters of Hoisting System
1) Maximum Hook Load Qhmax
Maximum Hook Load Qhmax is the maximum load that is not allowed to be exceeded on the big hook of the drilling rig when casing is being lowered or special operations such as unseizing are being carried out at the maximum number of ropes specified in the standard.
Qhmax determines the ability of the rig to lower the casing and deal with accidents, and is the main technical basis for calculating the static strength of the components of the hoisting system and calculating the static load of the main bearings of the turntable and tap.
2) Maximum drilling column quality Qstmax
Maximum drilling column quality Qstmax is the drilling rig in the standard number of ropes, normal drilling or lifting and lowering operations, the big hook is allowed to bear the maximum drilling column in the air quality.
Qstmax=qst-L
Where: qst - mass of drill pipe per meter, kg;
L - nominal drilling depth, m.
The standard specifies that: 127mm (5in) drill pipe, connected to the 7in drill collar from 80 to 100 m, the average take qst= 36kg/m. The value of Qstmax for a series of drilling rigs is rounded up to the value of Qstmax. It is the main technical basis for calculating the fatigue strength of the hoisting system parts and the dynamic load of the main bearing of the turntable and tap.
Qhmax/Qstmax is known as the hook load reserve coefficient, expressed as Kh. Generally, Kh=1.8~2.08. The larger the hook load reserve coefficient is, the stronger the ability of the rig to lower the casing and deal with accidents; however, the hook load reserve coefficient is too large, which leads to the parts of the hoisting system being too bulky and heavy, and it is impossible to utilize them for transportation.
3) The number of drilling ropes Z and the maximum number of ropes Zmax
The number of ropes Z of the hoisting system refers to the number of effective hoisting ropes used by the traveling system during normal drilling. Maximum rope number Zmax is the maximum effective number of ropes that can be provided by a rig equipped with a traveling system wheeling system for heavy-duty operations such as casing or unclamping.
Additionally, the hoisting system parameters include: winch hoisting speed in each gear V1, V2, ......, Vk; number of winch gears K; winch maximum fast rope pull Pe; diameter of steel wire rope Dw; rated input power of the winch Nde; effective height of the derrick Hm; height of the drilling platform Hdf and so on;
3. Rotating System parameters
Rotation system parameters include: turntable opening diameter Dr; rotational speed of each block of the turntable n1, n2, ......, nk; number of blocks of the turntable Kr; rated input power of the turntable Nre and so on.
4. Circulation system parameters
Circulation system parameters include: the rated pressure of the drilling pump Pe; the rated flow rate of the drilling pump Qe; the rated input power of the drilling pump Npe and so on.
5. Drive system parameters
Drive system parameters include: single machine rated power N; total installed power Nt and so on.
Second, China's oil rig standard series
In order to standardize the design of drilling rigs, manufacturing and equipment supply, in order to achieve the production, use of economic and reasonable, and conducive to international technical exchanges and cooperation, according to the actual needs of oil and gas drilling, the main parameters are selected, the main parameters of the series, which means that the drilling rigs are graded. And then according to this to formulate other basic parameters, the formation of the basic series of drilling rigs.
Drilling Rig Class
Category Model
GB1806-79
ZJ20
ZJ32
ZJ45
ZJ60
ZJ80
GB1806-86
15
20
32
45
60
80
1999 Revision
10/600
15/900
20/1350
30/1700
40/2250
50/3150
70/4500
120/9000
Drilling
Deep
H/
m
5-inch* drill pipe
GB1806-79
2,000
3200
4500
6,000
8000
.
5-inch* drill pipe
GB1806-86
900~1500
1300~2000
1900~3200
3000~4500
4000~6000<
5000 to 8000
5-inch* drill pipe
1999 Revision
500 to 800
700 to 1400
1100 to 1800
1500 to 2,500
2000 to 3200
< p>2800～45004000～6000
5000～8000
7000～10000
41/2"
Drill pipe
500～1000
800～1500
1200～2000
1600～3000
2500～4000
3500～5000
4500～7000
6000～9000
7500～12000
Maximum
Hook load
W/tf
GB1806-79
120
220
300
400
600
GB1806
86
90
135
225
315
450
585
1999 Revision
60
90
.135
170
225
315
450
675/585
900
Maximum
Input power of winch
P/hp
GB1806- 79
550
1000
1500
2000
3000
GB1806-86
450<
700
1000
1500
2000
3000
1999 Revision
270
450
550
750
1000
1500
2000
3000
4000
Roller Steel
Wire Rope Diameter
d/m(inch)
GB1806-79
< p>28.5
32.5
32.5 or 34.5
34.5
39.5
GB1806-86
26
28.5
32.5
34.5
38
41.5
1999 Revision
22/7/8
26/1
29/11/8
32/11/4
32/11/4
32/11/4<
35/13/8
38/11/2
42/15/8
52/2
Swimming system
Number of ropes
ndmax
GB1806-79
8/8
8/10
10/12
10/12
12/14
GB1806-86
8/8
8/8
<
8/10
10/12
10/12
12/14
1999 Revision
6/6
8/8
8/8
8/10
8/10
10/12
8/6
8/10
8/10
10/12
10/12
12/16, 10/14
12/16
Drill table
Height
h/m
GB1806-79
2.8
<
4.2 to 4.5
4.5(6)
6
8 to 9
GB1806-86
3, 4.5
4.5, 6, 7.5
6. 7.5,9
7.5,9
1999 Revision
3,4
4,5
5,6,7.5
7.5,9,10.5,12
Drilling pumps with single
Power not less than
Pd/hp
GB1806-79
350, 500
800, 1000
1000, 1300
1300, 1600
1600
GB1806-86
350, 800
800, 1000, 1300
1,300, 1,600
1600
Revised 1999
350
500
800
1000
1300
1600
1600
Driving forms of drilling rigs
(1) Mechanically driven drilling rigs: Powered by diesel engine, the rigs are driven by different combinations of torque converter, chain, gear triangular belt and other driving methods. The drilling rigs are driven by different combinations of transmission methods such as chains, gears, triangular belts and so on.
(2) electric drive drilling rigs: drilling rigs driven by electric motors.
The oil industry standard "SY/T5609-1999" oil drilling rig type and basic parameters of the drilling rig is divided into 9 levels, the nominal drilling depth and drilling depth range according to the 114.3mm (4 1/2in) drilling rod column (qst = 30Kg / m) to determine. The table below gives the new rig type classes and the two basic parameters of drilling depth range and maximum hook load. The rig class designation is expressed as a double parameter, e.g. 10/600, where the former is multiplied by 100 for the upper limit of the nominal drilling depth range of the rig, and the latter is the maximum hook load in kN. In the representation of drive transmission characteristics, added: Y-hydraulic drilling rig; DJ-AC electric drilling rig; DZ-DC electric drilling rig; DB-AC frequency conversion electric drilling rig.
Chapter 2: Maintenance of Oil Drilling Rigs
I. Shift Maintenance:
①Wipe the outer surface of the drilling rig clean and pay attention to the cleanliness and good lubrication of the surfaces of the drilling rig's base chute, vertical shafts, and so on.
② Check all exposed bolts, nuts, safety pins, etc. are firm and reliable.
③According to the lubrication requirements of lubricating oil or grease.
④Check the oil level position of gearbox, transfer case and hydraulic system tank.
⑤ Check the oil leakage in each place and deal with it as appropriate.
⑥ Eliminate other malfunctions that occur during the shift.
Two, weekly maintenance:
①Thoroughly carry out the items required by the shift maintenance.
② Remove the dirt and mud on the chuck and kawa tooth surface.
③ Clean the oil and mud on the inner surface of the holding brake.
④Remove faults occurring during the week.
Three, monthly maintenance:
①Thoroughly carry out the items required for shift and weekly maintenance.
② Remove the chuck, clean the kawa and kawa seat. If there is any damage, it should be replaced in time.
3 cleaning tank filter, replace the deterioration or dirty hydraulic oil.
④Check the integrity of the main parts, if damaged, should be replaced in a timely manner, do not work with injuries. ⑤Completely eliminate failures that occurred during the month.
⑥If the rig is not used for a long time, each exposed part (especially the machining exposed surface) should be coated with grease.
Chapter III Analysis of the development status of domestic oil drilling rig
I. Development trend of oil drilling rigs
Since entering the 21st century, the level of automation, digitalization, intelligent conversation and informationization of oil drilling rigs has been developing rapidly. Drilling rigs as a whole towards the direction of AC frequency conversion speed regulation electric drive oil drilling rigs (AC-GTO-AC). With the rapid development of AC frequency conversion technology, AC frequency conversion electric drive oil drilling rigs will replace the SCR DC electric drive drilling rigs, the type of drilling rigs with the existing mechanical drive drilling rigs and DC electric drive drilling rigs with unparalleled superior performance, will become the development of land and marine oil drilling rigs for the replacement of products. In the future, the development of oil drilling rigs are characterized by:
(1) the rapid development of specialized drilling rigs. Such as adapting to a variety of environments and process technology development of desert drilling rigs, marine drilling rigs, inclined well drilling rigs, small borehole drilling rigs, special deep well drilling rigs, continuous pipe drilling rigs.
(2) the scale of the polarization direction. Deep-well oil drilling rigs tend to be large (1500M, MAX12500KN), lightweight drilling rigs tend to be smaller (vehicle-based).
(3) rig control automation, intelligence. Top drive, disk brake technology gradually mature, electric control technology, hydraulic drive technology and reliability gradually improved.
(4) vigorously develop new oil drilling rigs, the use of humanized design, advanced mechanical automation, efficient rig operation and monitoring system, device modularity, in order to improve rig mobility, and ultimately achieve the purpose of improving drilling efficiency and greatly reduce drilling costs.
II. Domestic and foreign oil drilling rig development status and level
(1) foreign oil drilling rig development status and level The oil drilling rig market has an internationalization of the reason is that the oil drilling rig structure is complex, complete and technically difficult, expensive, each selling price of nearly 10 million yuan to tens of millions of dollars ranging from the world's total **** only have all kinds of land-based oil drilling rigs more than 4,300 units. Marine drilling rigs 200 to 300 units. The world's oil rig manufacturing countries and even manufacturers are not many, total annual production capacity of complete sets of oil drilling rigs about 600 to 800 units or so.
(2) The current situation and level of domestic oil rig development China's oil rigs are developed for the exploitation of domestic oil, after the reform and opening up, the domestic rig market in the face of the world's drilling rig competition, the rig manufacturers fully realize that the international market must be the starting point for the development of in order to stand firm in the domestic market. According to the trend of "internationalization of the domestic market and localization of the international market", they follow the demands of the domestic and international markets, and develop cutting-edge technologies for oil drilling rigs. At present, domestic drilling rigs with a drilling depth of 1,000-7,000 meters have formed a series, and we have the ability to produce various sets of drilling rigs with a mechanical drive, electric drive and top drive for land, desert and ocean from 1,000 to 9,000 meters. There are 800 large drilling rigs and 166 medium-sized drilling rigs in the country, of which 87% of the large and medium-sized drilling rigs are domestically produced.
At present, China's complete sets of oil rig suppliers of oil rig manufacturing technology in many aspects has reached or close to the international advanced level. In the past two years, China's several complete sets of oil rig manufacturing plant after institutional reform, and lost no time to seize the country to ensure oil supply, intensify the development of land, desert, marine oil while actively participating in the development of overseas oil a good opportunity to develop and grow. Enterprises in the technological progress, market development, economic efficiency, exports synchronized development, the results are very significant.
In general, the domestic drilling rig development level is as follows:
① complete sets of oil drilling rigs with international competitiveness. The overall quality and technical level of drilling rigs have been basically comparable to the international level.
② In recent years, the domestic electric drive drilling rigs have developed rapidly, and the control level has risen from the early analog control to the current international popularity of the typical three-stage control, that is, the upper level of monitoring, PLC process control level and all-digital level constitutes a communication network. The application of automatic control technology in drilling rigs has reached the advanced level of international drilling rigs in the mid-1990s, the electric transmission system has reached the level of the fourth generation products of the United States in the 1990s, and the drilling rigs such as AC frequency conversion electric drive have reached the advanced level of the international drilling rigs in the 1990s. From the overall view of drilling rigs, 5 kinds of drilling rigs have reached the international advanced level of the same kind in the same period, and 12 kinds of drilling rigs have filled the gaps in China.
3 drilling rigs in the adaptability, complete sets, variety of diversity and serialization, automation, intelligence and other aspects of the advanced level compared with developed countries there is still a considerable gap. China's AC frequency conversion speed control oil drilling rig development has just started, the domestic production of electric drive drilling rigs, the drilling console and drilling instrumentation centrally placed in the drilling control room, but the systems are still relatively independent of each other.
④ The mechanical maintenance time of domestic drilling rigs accounts for about 5% to 10% of the total production time, while the maintenance time of drilling rigs in the United States accounts for only 2% to 3%.
⑤ The development of drilling rigs adapted to the conditions of deserts, Gobi and swamps has just started. The modularization of medium-sized drilling rigs is very low.
⑥ There is a need to increase investment in the development of small borehole oil drilling rigs, continuous pipe drilling rigs, automated drilling rigs and other advanced drilling equipment, and to popularize truck-mounted drilling rigs, and to develop the strength of skid-mounted drilling rigs.
Third, the main domestic manufacturers
China is the only developing country in the world can produce complete sets of oil drilling rigs. Ten years ago, only Lanzhou Petrochemical Machinery Factory, Baoji Petroleum Machinery Factory, Jilin Heavy Machinery Factory three major state-owned enterprises to produce complete sets of oil rigs. At present, the production of complete sets of oil drilling rigs enterprise has developed to eight, the annual production capacity of about 200 units of capacity. That is:
① three state-owned enterprises: Baoji Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd., Nanyang Petroleum Machinery Factory, Jianghan Fourth Petroleum Machinery Factory;
② two Sino-foreign joint ventures: LanShi National Oil Well Petroleum Engineering Company Limited, Shanghai Sanko Petroleum Equipment Company Limited;
③ three privately owned enterprises: Shengli Oilfield Highland Petroleum Equipment Co. Ltd., Sichuan Oil Guanghan Machinery Co.
IV. Rig exports
With the growth of China's petroleum enterprises overseas business and the development of overseas markets, the export trade of petroleum equipment is a clear growth momentum. The export products spread over more than 20 countries and regions, laying the foundation for the substantial growth of export products in the future. Due to the better cost performance of domestic drilling rigs, more than 100 drilling and workover rigs have been brought by domestic drilling contractors to drill wells abroad.
Fifth, the demand for drilling rigs from the international environment, a developed countries in the West by the high cost of labor and other factors, the equipment manufacturing industry is gradually transferring out of China has become a veritable "international factory". Secondly, the international oil prices continue to rise, stimulating investors have to put money into the field of oil exploration, the formation of a new round of oil investment peak, resulting in a sharp increase in demand for oil equipment. China's oil equipment, some products cost-effective than developed countries, has a certain competitive advantage. At present, the three major domestic oil companies are vigorously implement the "go out" strategy to speed up the expansion of overseas business, which will drive the oil equipment to the international market.
From the rig manufacturing point of view, the domestic drilling rigs in use nearly 1,300 units, after eight years of modernization, the demand for a substantial reduction in the end of 2004, only less than 500 units of market space. According to the current manufacturing capacity of the drilling rigs, the domestic drilling rig market will be basically saturated in another three years. The international drilling rig market does have a larger space for development, but the domestic production of drilling rig intelligence and quality level compared with the advanced level of foreign countries there is still a certain gap between the lack of adaptability to a variety of geomorphological environments and process requirements of the design and production capacity of special drilling rigs. And marine drilling rig manufacturing has just started, basically do not have the design and manufacturing capacity of marine platforms and drilling rig ship .