Eco-environmental protection in the process of construction of special mining zones is the key to reflecting the harmony between human beings and nature, and improving the ability of sustainable development. Ecological environmental protection constitutes the natural environment basis for the sustainable development of mining special zones, is one of the basic elements of the construction of mining special zones. For the relatively fragile ecological environment of the Special Administrative Region, we must always adhere to the general principle of "development in the protection, protection in the development", adhere to the development and protection of equal importance to the concept of circular economy of the mining industry as a guide to strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction, and promote the development of low-carbon mining economy. Mining special zone construction first to protect the region's relatively fragile natural ecological environment; second to increase the geological environment protection of mines and governance efforts to maximize the development and utilization of mineral resources to avoid or reduce the damage caused by the geological environment of mines; third, to prevent and effectively manage a wide range of geologic hazards, to the benefit of the people of the special zone.
I, natural ecological environment protection
Rich and unique grassland ecology and other natural ecological resources is the environmental conditions for the construction of mining special area. Internationally recognized Altay region has rich and unique natural ecological resources and grassland cultural resources, as well as biological diversity. The natural environment of Altay region is mainly grassland ecology. According to the statistics of the animal husbandry department, the area of natural grassland in Altay Region accounts for 83.4% of the total land area of the region. The main ecological function areas include river valley ecology, forest and grassland, lakes, wetlands and pastures. At present, due to the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, the relative lack of available water resources, and the serious overloading of grassland, the functions of the main ecological function areas in the region have been degraded to different degrees. According to statistics: in 2008, the average overloading rate of Altay grassland (summer pasture, spring and autumn pasture, winter pasture) reached 75.29%, 80% of the natural grassland in the region has been degraded and sandy to different degrees, and the rate of grass production has decreased by 30%~50%, which has resulted in 50% of the national territory with different degrees of soil and water erosion.
In the construction of mining special zones, must strengthen the ecological protection and environmental management, must not sacrifice the natural ecological environment at the expense of temporary economic development. To strengthen the prevention and control of sand, Erqis River and Ulungu River basin management, water source protection and other aspects of the work, rectify and control the indiscriminate mining of mineral resources, especially the phenomenon of alluvial gold. We are actively taking engineering measures to implement ecological projects such as natural forest protection, ecological public welfare forest construction, plains greening, and the "Three Norths" five-phase protection forest construction. Further strengthen the sealing of mountains and forests, returning farmland to forests, returning pasture to grass, etc., and strengthen the construction and protection of nature reserves, national geoparks, geological relics, national forest parks, etc., and take effective measures to strengthen the protection of wildlife and animal resources, and promote the improvement of the natural ecological environment of the special administrative region of the mining industry.
In recent years, the regional land and resources departments have increased the protection of geological relics and the declaration and construction of geoparks. Actively declare geological relics protection projects, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Land and Resources, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Department of Land and Resources, Altay Regional Bureau of Land and Resources in 2009 to put forward proposals for the project setup, mainly including the protection of geological relics in Altay City, such as the Five Fingers Spring Scenic Spot, 9 projects, the protection of objects mainly for the granite landforms, ice mortar, silica wood, granite pegmatites, and medium and low-temperature hot springs. Distribution of projects: 1 in Altay City, 2 in Jimunai County, 3 in Fuyun County and 3 in Fuhai (Table 3-23).
Table 3-23 Suggestions for Setting Up Geological Monuments Protection Projects in Altay Region
Source: Based on the information of Altay Land and Resources Bureau, 2009.
II. Geological Environmental Protection and Governance of Mines
The construction of special mining zones is characterized by: rational exploitation of the rich mineral resources of the region, implementation of the strategy of transforming advantageous resources to achieve breakthroughs in deep processing of the mining industry. Mining deep processing breakthroughs, the development of the regional mining economy to drive and radiate the sustainable development of the regional economy. Mining development will inevitably cause different degrees of mining geological environmental problems, but can take effective measures to manage and promote the healthy and sustainable development of mining special area.
From the layout of the five mining parks such as Fuyun, area, Fuyun, area and Habahe Mining Park is located in the black colored rare mineral resources of the Altai mineralization belt. Geographically the Altai Mountains and geologically the Altai Mineralization Belt mostly overlap, and the natural ecological environment of the Altai Mountains is unstable as well as biologically diverse, which is an ecological barrier for the construction of special mining zones.
Historically, the Altai region has a long history of mining activities, especially alluvial gold mining, there are "Altai 72 ditches, ditch production of gold," said. Gold mining history can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty, representing the region's earliest mining production activities. After the founding of New China, gold mining, especially alluvial gold mining intensity increased dramatically, resulting in a waste of gold resources, as well as grasslands, rivers (beds), Altay Mountain area and other natural ecological environment of serious damage. To date, alluvial gold mining and indiscriminate mining are still prohibited, and mining activities for alluvial gold and precious stones and other minerals have been carried out year after year. Coco Tohai rare mines as a representative of rare, non-ferrous metal minerals development began in the 1950s, due to the mountainous area, the natural landscape and groundwater caused some damage, but overall damage is not too great. With the establishment of CocoTokyo National Geopark, the closed pit mines that made important contributions to the country in the past have been revitalized and energized, and contributed to the formation of the Greater Kanas Tourism Circle driven by the brand of Kanas in Altay region. At present, open-pit mining of iron ore, building materials and non-metallic mines such as Mengku and Jinbao has caused certain damage to the geomorphic landscape. As these mines are mainly located in relatively sparsely populated mountainous areas or remote areas, they will not have much impact on the production and life of the people around the mines. In view of the Altay region mining geological environmental problems of many types, damage to a wide range of damage, the degree of damage is relatively small and other characteristics, to increase the mining geological environmental protection and governance efforts.
1) For the historical closed pit mines, the approach of applying for national and autonomous region mining geological environment governance projects is taken, but due to the limitation of the characteristics of the mining geological environment problems in Altay region, there are certain deficiencies in the management mechanism of the Xinjiang mining geological environment protection and restoration and governance project management mechanism and other reasons, which affects the enthusiasm of applying for this kind of project in Altay region. However, the mining geological environment treatment project has an important role in improving the environmental problems of the construction and development of mining special zones, so it is necessary to further increase the efforts to fight for the mining geological environment treatment project of the state and the autonomous region.In 2009, the Altay Regional Bureau of Land and Resources put forward a proposal for the setting up of 16 projects, such as the treatment of the geological environment of the mining geology of the Chenghsi Sand Pit in the town of Beitun, Altay City, and declared them positively ( Table 3-24 ). ). The characteristics of these projects are: the types of mines are mainly non-metallic mines such as construction sand and mica, and a small part of them are alluvial gold mines, the area is relatively large, and the geological environment problems are not too serious, and the impact on the human environment is relatively small. If these projects are implemented, they will play a very important role in improving the geological environment of mines in the Mining Special Zone.
Table 3-24 Suggestions on the Setting of Mining Geological Environment Governance Projects in Altay Region
Continued Table
Source: Modified according to the information of the Land and Resources Bureau of Altay Region, 2009.
2) For mines that are being mined, in accordance with the principle of "whoever mines, whoever governs", adopt the principle of "whoever governs", and adopt the principle of "whoever governs" to govern the mines that are mining.
2) For the mines that are being mined, according to the principle of "who mines, who governs", adopt the system of mining geological environment governance deposit and other systems to urge the mining enterprises to strengthen the governance of the mining geological environment. Do gradually "pay off the old debt, do not owe the new debt". At present, the region has begun to collect the mining geological environment governance deposit. New mines must comply with the conditions of access to ecological environmental protection, and take effective measures to maximize the avoidance and reduction of mining development activities on the natural ecological environment caused by the impact and damage.
3) In accordance with the "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mineral Resources Master Plan (2008 ~ 2020)" delineated the key areas of mining geological environment protection and restoration governance, as well as the identified key projects, to carry out the governance of the key areas of mining geological environment governance. It is strictly prohibited to carry out mineral resources exploration and exploitation activities that are incompatible with the function of ecological environmental protection in the prohibited exploration and exploitation areas delineated by the Altay Regional Mineral Resources Plan, so as to protect the ecological environment and resources of the Special Administrative Region. Strengthen the protection of geological sites ( park ).
4) Regional Mining Special Zone Management Committee to strengthen the supervision and management of ecological environmental protection and governance. The establishment of environmental protection "a hand" responsible system.
Three, the prevention and control of geological disasters
( a) the overall characteristics of geological disasters
Altai region due to heavy rainfall, snowmelt, natural factors such as climate, coupled with historical and current mining activities, as well as the implementation of engineering projects and other man-made factors, in the region caused by the collapse of the landslides, landslides, mudslides, ground subsidence and ground cracks and other geological disasters. According to the statistics, there are 743 geohazard sites*** in Altay region, and according to the types of geohazards, collapse accounts for the majority, accounting for 79.57%, followed by mudslides and landslides, which account for 9.54% and 9.41% respectively, and ground subsidence is the least, accounting for only 1.48% (Fig. 3-21; Table 3-25). It can be seen that the regional geohazards are characterized by a large number and mainly collapse. Therefore, the prevention and control of regional geologic disasters focus on collapse disasters, especially on the collapse of townships, roads and tourist areas that have a greater impact on the human environment should be paid special attention to.
Figure 3-21 Composition of geologic hazards in Altay region
Table 3-25 Distribution of geologic hazards in Altay region
Note: ① Including 73 collapse hazards; ② Including 22 unstable slopes; ③ Including 14 potentially unstable geologic bodies;
Source: Statistical report of land and resources of Altay region, Land and Resources Bureau of Altay region, 2008.
Source: Statistics of land and resources of Altay region, Land and Resources Bureau of Altay region, 2008.
Source: Statistical report of land and resources of Altay region, Land and Resources Bureau of Altay region, 2008.
From the distribution density of geologic hazards, the average density of geologic hazards in the whole region is 63 hazards per 10,000 km2, and the density of geologic hazards in Qinghe County is the largest, reaching 124 hazards per km2, which is 1.97 times of the regional average. The county has the largest number of geohazard sites, but due to the large area of the county and the relatively weak human activities such as mining that cause geohazards, the density of geohazards in the county is the smallest. Jimeni County is the second, which is 1.82 times of the regional average. Burqin County is the third, due to the region's famous tourist attractions Kanas is located in the county, and tourism and tourism development related to infrastructure triggered by geological disasters accounted for a large proportion of a single type of disaster, distributed in the tourism traffic road on both sides of the collapse is dominated by, accounting for 91. 5%. Fuhai County has the smallest number of geological hazards, 24 sites/km2, which is only 39% of the area, and the geological hazards are few in number and extensive in area, but the types of geological hazards are relatively complete (Fig. 3-22); this also provides a reference basis for the southward relocation of the regional administrative center to Fuhai in terms of the prevention and control of geological hazards. Fuyun County, as a large mining county, the geologic hazard points are concentrated in the county city and some mines, and most of the areas in the south of Fuyun County are almost free of geologic hazards, which leads to a lower density of geologic hazards. The above data and analysis show that regional geohazards are unevenly distributed in each county (city) and there is a great deal of variability due to the differences in the natural geographic conditions, climate, mining and other human activities in the scope and intensity of the differences in the occurrence of geohazards such as the variability of the frequency of the occurrence of such disasters.
Figure 3-22 Histogram of the distribution of geologic disaster density in 7 counties (cities) of Altay region
(II) Characterization of geologic disasters in counties (cities)
From the distribution of geologic disasters in 7 counties (cities), the ratio of geologic disaster points to the total number of counties (cities) is the largest in Qinghe County, followed by Buuru, and the smallest in Fuhai County, and the values of these points do not differ much in all counties, but are roughly 10% of the total number of geologic disasters. Except for Qinghe County, the proportion of geohazard sites to the total number of areas in each county (city) was the largest in Qinghe County, followed by Burjin and the smallest in Fuhai County. It is summarized as follows:
Figure 3-23 Proportion of geologic hazards in Altay Mining Special Zone in each county (city)
1) Qinghe County. This county has the largest proportion of geohazards in the total number of counties in the region, with 196 geohazards, accounting for 26.38% of the total number of geohazards in the whole region, which is 1.66 times more than that of the second place, Burqin County. There is a single type of disaster in the county, mainly avalanches, accounting for 91.33% of the total number of disasters in the county, and mudslides accounting for 7.14% of the total number of disasters in the county. Mainly developed in Qinghe County, the first coal mine and Koksai gold mine, the gold mine is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Qinggeli River, closer to the river, in the snowmelt and heavy rainfall season, very prone to avalanches and mudslides.
2) Burqin County. The county geological disaster points account for the proportion of the total number of areas ranked second, accounting for 15. 88%, a single type of disaster, only the development of collapse and mudslide two kinds of disasters, of which the collapse accounted for 91. 5%, the other for the mudslide. Mainly developed in the townships along the pastoral road, broad strokes, Aguokeng mudslide ditch, along the main transportation, Tohu wood cement with chert mine and black flow beach talc mine and so on.
3) Altay City. The city ranks third in the proportion of geologic hazards to the total number of areas, accounting for 13. 86%, with a single type of disaster, only the development of two types of geologic hazards, collapse and mudslide, and the collapse disaster is dominated, accounting for 92. 23%, mainly distributed in the Ulas Gully, General Mountain Gully, Camel's Hump, Kolb Mining Company, Tiemilt lead-zinc mine, Abagong Iron Ore Mine and other areas and mines.
4) Fuyun County. This county ranks fourth in the proportion of geologic hazards in the total number of areas, accounting for 11. 31%, as a large mining county, is the most complete development of geologic hazards in the county, 4 kinds of disasters are all there and to the collapse of the main, of which the collapse accounted for 91. 67%, less than 10% of the other hazards, mainly located in the north slope of the county and the Wucha Gully section of the area of the terrain, the large difference, sparse vegetation, loose soil quality. In recent years, there have been a number of floods and mudslides, which directly threaten the safety of residents living along the mountains and in the lower parts of the terrain, and cause the destruction of streets, forest belts, channels and other water conservancy facilities to varying degrees. Due to the destruction of natural vegetation caused by the expansion of cultivated land, heavy rainfall is prone to cause mudslides, which directly threaten the downstream brick factory. In addition, part of the county in the production of mines and closed pit mines also varying degrees of development of collapse and other geological hazards.
5) Jimunai County. This county ranks fifth in the proportion of geologic hazards to the total number of districts, accounting for 11.04%. As a national poverty-stricken county, due to its location at the border, poor natural conditions, frequent snowstorms, snow-melt-type geologic hazards account for a larger proportion of the total number of geologic hazards, with 69.51% of them being avalanches. Geological hazards are mainly developed in the Uller Ullast Gully, Chalesh Hai township government offices and Ahemuzha village and the village of Kurji, Harjiao, Haunghai Coal Mine, etc.; Provincial Highway 319 line east of the Bazhaju section due to the excavation of the roadbed and slash slopes in the snowmelt season, the rainy season is prone to cause collapse, landslides and other geological hazards.
6) Fuhai County. This county has the sixth highest proportion of geologic hazard sites in the total number of districts, accounting for 10. 9%. As the future administrative center of the region, Fuhai County is working towards the goal of creating a garden city and a livable city. There are more types of disasters, geological disasters other than ground collapse are developed, and the density of geological disasters in Fuhai County is the smallest in the region. Geological disasters are dominated by collapse, accounting for 41.98%; landslides account for 37.04%, and landslides are the most developed among all counties (cities), which is another characteristic of geological disasters in Fuhai County different from other counties (cities). Geological hazards are mainly developed in the new gold gully, West Fork Gully, Hongshan mouth and other alluvial gold mines, Salbuk to Hongshan mouth along the highway, the road along the debris more, steeper on both sides of the mountain, due to most of the sections of the rock body perennial by wind and rain stripping, the roots of the flaccid, resulting in the poor stability of these rock bodies, small collapses often occur, if not prevented in a timely manner, but also bred large collapses and other geologic hazards occurring.
7) Habahe County. The county ranks seventh in the proportion of geologic hazards in the region, and is the county with the least development of geologic hazards in the region, with 10.63% of the hazards in the region. Geological disasters are mainly concentrated in the eastern mountains of Habahe County. Disasters are mainly developed in the large landslide section of Shengtas, the collapse section on both sides of the highway from the county to the mountainous area of Kanas Lake, the hilly area in the central part of the county, and the copper and gold mines in the county. Mining pit area, tailing dams and unreasonable piles of tailings, etc., in the flood season is very likely to cause collapse, landslides and mudslides and other geological disasters.
( three) geological disaster prevention and control
According to the development of geological disasters in Altay region, the frequency of occurrence and the distribution of geological disasters in various counties (cities) and other actual circumstances, the mining special area of the proposed measures for the prevention and management of geologic hazards, the first is the establishment and implementation of geologic disaster prevention system; the second is to use the implementation of a variety of engineering projects, the management of geologic hazards.
1. Geological disaster prevention, monitoring and emergency response system
( 1) strengthen the prevention and control system, the implementation of prevention and control of responsibility
Altai region should be set up by the deputy commissioner of the executive office as the commander-in-chief, the executive office of the deputy secretary-general, the director of the Bureau of Land and Resources for the deputy commander-in-chief, the propaganda department of the local party committee, the Land and Resources Bureau, the Regional Development and Reform Commission, the Public Security Bureau, the Economic and Trade Commission, the Bureau of Transportation, the Construction Bureau, Education Bureau, Finance Bureau, Safety Supervision Bureau, Animal Husbandry Bureau, Water Conservancy Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau, Health Bureau, Meteorological Bureau, Tourism Bureau, Xinjiang Altay Military Sub-district, the Armed Police Internal Security, Border Guard, Forestry, Firefighting Detachment, and other 7 counties (cities) People's Government as a member of the Geological Disaster Emergency Response Command Organization, the office is located in the Bureau of Land and Resources. Emergency Command Office set up under the rescue and relief group, disaster assessment group, monitoring and forecasting group, life resettlement group, medical care and health epidemic prevention group, public security and firefighting group, material security group, emergency financial security group, publicity and reporting group, post-disaster reconstruction group, each group to arrange a specialized unit to lead the responsibility. Regional emergency command institutions in accordance with the unified command, local management, hierarchical responsibility principle, responsible for the prevention and control of geological disasters throughout the region. The people's government of each county (city) shall establish corresponding organizations to further strengthen the leadership of the prevention and control of geological disasters. According to the emergency plan for sudden geological disasters, the emergency command system should be improved, the duties of each department should be clarified, the relevant preparatory work should be done, the emergency response capacity of geological disasters should be improved, and the greatest efforts should be made to minimize the losses caused by geological disasters. In Qinghe, Burqin County and other geologic disaster-prone areas continue to strengthen the construction of geologic disaster group measurement and prevention network system, and implement the disaster monitoring work to the responsible person.
( 2) Preparation and implementation of the annual geological disaster prevention and control program
7 County ( city) people's government should promptly organize the land and resources, construction, water conservancy, transportation, meteorology, civil affairs, safety supervision and other departments to formulate and improve the geological disaster prevention plan with the prediction of disaster points, avoidance and transfer, personnel avoidance and emergency response measures as the main content, the key hidden disaster areas in the county ( city) to prevent and control the disaster at an early stage. In addition, it has registered and established cards for the disaster hazard points found, made preliminary judgments on their dangers, and put forward preventive measures. Further clarify the work responsibilities of each department, coordinate the departments to strengthen cooperation, *** with the prevention and control of geological disasters. *** with the implementation of geologic disaster prevention and control programs in the region to check, do a good job of major projects, along the transportation route, the prevention and control of geologic disasters in tourist areas, and timely prediction of potential disaster hazards to make predictions, early warnings and forecasts.
( 3) strengthen coordination and cooperation, and effectively do a good job of prediction and monitoring work
Regional counties (cities), townships and other people's governments at all levels should timely coordination of meteorological, safety supervision, construction, land, water conservancy and other departments to strengthen the contact, exchange of information to ensure that timely understanding of the rain situation, the water situation, etc., in order to accurately grasp the occurrence of geologic hazards to provide a basis. All relevant departments should increase the flood season inspection efforts, serious analysis of the problems found, timely reporting, and strive to solve as soon as possible, to prevent the work done before the occurrence of the disaster. Should fully rely on the township (township) government, street offices and community neighborhood committees, village committees and other grass-roots organizations, especially the role of the people of all ethnic groups in the geologic disaster prone areas, to strengthen the monitoring of geologic hazards, and timely capture the characteristics of geologic hazards of the information for geologic hazards avoidance, management, and provide a basis for forecasting. For regional key construction projects or important areas of economic and social development, such as mining parks, special instruments should be used and specialized monitoring should be established by professionals for geologic hazard sites with significant potential hazards. The monitoring methods, frequency of monitoring, recording and reporting of monitoring data shall be determined according to the state of emergency of geologic hazards. Geological disaster forecast in general by the county-level land department in conjunction with the meteorological department issued, emergency state can be authorized to monitor the release.
( 4) improve the system, enhance the emergency response capacity
7 county (city) people's government should supervise the establishment of the relevant departments of the ice and snow melting period and flood duty system, the inspection system and the rapid reporting system of the disaster, the "two card" issuance system, the disaster emergency investigation system, and seriously supervise the implementation. In the flood season before the organization of relevant personnel on the main settlements, transportation routes, primary and secondary schools, tourist attractions, mining parks, important mines and other locations for geologic disaster risk inspection; has occurred in the geological disaster or the masses to provide disaster information, rapid organization of forces to the scene to investigate, and in the prescribed time to report the disaster level by level, issued its disaster emergency status.
Regional geologic disaster emergency preparedness, by time period and geologic disaster emergencies can be divided into four states. First, Ⅳ response, the color is set to blue, the time for each year in November ~ the end of March, usually normal standby status, the main task is to carry out routine monitoring, organization of publicity and training, preparation of annual disaster prevention program, maintenance of emergency response equipment. The second is a level Ⅲ response, the color is yellow, time from April each year, into the flood season warning state, geological disaster weather forecast warning for level 3, the main task is to check the geological disaster sites, inspections, land and resources departments to arrange 24-hour cell phone duty, a variety of emergency response equipment into the state of readiness, the mass of the monitoring network and the professional monitoring network of the encryption of the monitoring. Third, level Ⅱ response, the color is set to orange, abnormal snowmelt, rainfall alert status, during snowmelt, continuous rainfall or heavy rainfall (need to be extended to 3 days after the rain), geologic disaster weather forecast warning for 4, 5, the main work is to strengthen the geologic disaster hidden danger point inspection, inspection, county (city) through the phone, cell phone text message, etc. to the leaders in charge, the relevant departments to send geologic disaster early warning information, land and resources department 24-hour office duty, mass monitoring network and professional monitoring network to further encrypt the monitoring. Fourth, level Ⅰ response, the color is set to red, the emergency state of the disaster event, the emergence of obvious geologic disaster risk, should be issued critical warning signal, start the emergency plan, disaster rapid report, send emergency response teams, rescue and relief.
( 5) careful deployment, effectively do a good job of geologic disaster prevention and control work
One is to identify the crisis, judge the disaster. Geological disaster prevention and control leading group in receiving disaster warning or disaster report should be an emergency meeting, decide whether to form a geological disaster relief site command and start the geological disaster emergency plan; clear responsibilities of various departments, make all the preparations for disaster relief, and in accordance with the procedures to the higher authorities to report the disaster. Second, emergency avoidance and control of the disaster. First of all, it should protect the life and safety of the people, organize evacuation to avoid disaster, prevent the expansion of the disaster, organize cadres and people to save themselves and each other, quell rumors or misunderstandings, and maintain social stability. According to the actual situation, decide whether to impose special control on the disaster area or send working groups to the disaster area to assist the government of the disaster area to carry out the geologic disaster emergency work. Third, arrange emergency monitoring. The actual situation of the disaster should be arranged for emergency monitoring, the formation conditions of the disaster, the triggering factors for investigation, to remove the danger, mitigate the disaster to provide a scientific basis for decision-making. Fourth, according to the duties of the emergency plan of each professional group, the arrangement of the relevant departments and disaster relief team's tasks and disaster relief measures. Fifth, track the development of the disaster and relief measures to implement the feedback information to assess the effectiveness and quality of relief measures, tracking decisions, revised decisions.
( 6) Advance planning, good organization and preparation for rescue and relief
Governments at all levels should include funds for geological disaster prevention and control in the annual work plan and financial budget, to ensure that the needs of geological disaster monitoring, emergency investigations. Geological disaster prevention and control should be included in the work of flood control and drought relief, and the governments at the prefecture and county levels should give overall consideration to the arrangements for the preparation of disaster prevention materials. As geological disasters in Altay region mostly occur in mountainous areas, most of these places have inconvenient transportation and communication conditions, and the rescue and relief forces and equipment are relatively weak, therefore, the local people's government and grassroots people should firstly organize and mobilize the basic militia and villagers of the affected areas to rescue and self-help at the first time, and according to the actual situation of geologic disasters, the leading group of geologic disaster prevention and control should request the local military garrison and the armed forces to participate in the rescue and relief work of geologic disasters. The force will be involved in the rescue and relief of geologic disasters. In geologic disaster-prone and hazardous areas, basic knowledge training of geologic disaster rescue and relief shall be carried out, and training exercises shall be conducted. In the emergency state of disaster, the relevant personnel should be organized on duty management, to ensure that the rescue force at any time into the rescue and relief.
2. Geological disaster prevention and control projects
In the 2009 regional geological disaster prevention and control project setup proposal, *** set up the Altay City camel's hump avalanches, mudslides governance and other engineering projects 7. Mainly in Altay City, Burzin County, Habahe County and Fuyun County. The types of disasters prevented and controlled are mainly landslides and mudslides, etc. The threat objects include local residents (including small and medium-sized enterprises). Threatened objects include local residents (including primary and secondary school students), livestock, vehicles, arable land and natural grassland, and farmland and water conservancy facilities. The overall development trend is that the frequency of occurrence is high and the degree is heavy. If not prevented and controlled in time, it poses a threat to local residents, livestock, water and electricity infrastructure, etc., causing damage to the lives and properties of local residents (Table 3-26).
Table 3-26 Proposed Geological Hazard Prevention and Control Programs in Altay Region
Source: Modified according to the information of Altay Land and Resources Bureau, 2009.