The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has identified nine key demonstration projects in the following fields: smart industry, smart agriculture, smart logistics, smart transportation, smart grid, smart environmental protection, smart security, smart medical care, and smart home. Intelligent industry is the physical equipment, computer networks, human brain intelligence integration, a new industrial system of the trinity.
Intelligent industry is the various types of terminals with the ability to perceive the environment, ubiquitous technology-based computing model, mobile communications, etc. are constantly integrated into all aspects of industrial production, significantly improve manufacturing efficiency, improve product quality, reduce product costs and resource consumption, and enhance the traditional industry to a new stage of intellectualization.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology formulated the "Internet of Things" Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan "will be intelligent industrial application demonstration project is summarized as: the production process control, production environment monitoring, manufacturing supply chain tracking, product lifecycle monitoring, and to promote safe production and energy saving and emission reduction.
Manufacturing supply chain management Internet of Things applied to enterprise raw material procurement, inventory, sales and other areas, through the improvement and optimization of the supply chain management system, improve the supply chain efficiency and reduce costs. Airbus (Airbus) through the application of sensor network technology in the supply chain system, to build the largest and most efficient supply chain system in the global manufacturing industry.
The application of IOT technology for production process optimization improves the ability and level of production line process detection, real-time parameter acquisition, production equipment monitoring, and material consumption monitoring. The level of intelligent monitoring, intelligent control, intelligent diagnosis, intelligent decision-making, and intelligent maintenance of the production process is constantly improving. Iron and steel enterprises apply various sensors and communication networks to achieve real-time monitoring of the width, thickness, and temperature of processed products during the production process, thus improving product quality and optimizing the production process.
Products and equipment monitoring and management of various sensing technologies and manufacturing technology fusion, the realization of product equipment operation and use of records, equipment troubleshooting remote monitoring. GE Oil& Gas Group in the global establishment of 13 for different products of the i-Center, through the sensor and the network of equipment for online monitoring and real-time monitoring, and provide equipment maintenance and troubleshooting solutions. troubleshooting solutions.
Environmental Monitoring and Energy ManagementThe integration of IoT and environmental protection equipment realizes real-time monitoring of various sources of pollution generated in the industrial production process and key indicators of pollution control in various segments. The installation of wireless sensing equipment at the outfalls of key sewage enterprises not only allows for real-time monitoring of corporate sewage data, but also allows for the remote closure of the outfalls to prevent the occurrence of sudden environmental pollution accidents. Telecom operators have begun to promote real-time monitoring solutions for pollution control based on the Internet of Things.
Industrial production safety management embedded and equipped with sensors into mining equipment, oil and gas pipelines, mining equipment, can sense the hazardous environment of the staff, equipment and machinery, the surrounding environment and other aspects of the safety status information, will be the existing decentralized, independent, a single network monitoring platform to enhance the system, open, multi-dimensional integrated network monitoring platform, real-time sensing, accurate identification, quick response It realizes real-time sensing, accurate identification, quick response, and effective control. Intelligent agriculture integrates scientific research, production, processing and sales, realizing annual, all-weather, anti-seasonal enterprise scale production; integrating modern biotechnology, agricultural engineering, agricultural new materials and other disciplines, relying on modernized agricultural facilities, with high scientific and technological content, high value-added products, high land output rate and high labor productivity, it is the cross-century project of our country's new agricultural technology revolution.
Intelligent agriculture products automatically turn on or off the specified equipment by real-time collection of temperature, soil temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity signals in the greenhouse, as well as light, leaf humidity, dew point temperature and other environmental parameters. It can be processed at any time according to the user's needs, providing a scientific basis for automatic monitoring of comprehensive ecological information for facility agriculture, automatic control of the environment and intelligent management. Through the module to collect temperature sensors and other signals, through the wireless signal transceiver module to transmit data, to realize the greenhouse temperature and humidity remote control.
Intelligent agriculture also includes intelligent grain storage system, the system through the grain storage temperature and humidity changes in the perception of the computer or cell phone connection for real-time observation, record the scene to ensure the volume of grain storage temperature and humidity balance. Intelligent logistics is the use of integrated intelligent technology, so that the logistics system can mimic human intelligence, with the ability to think, perceive, learn, reason and judge and solve certain problems in logistics by themselves.
The future development of intelligent logistics will reflect five characteristics: intelligent, integrated, hierarchical, flexible and social.
In the process of logistics operations in a large number of operations and decision-making intelligence; logistics management as the core, the realization of the logistics process of transportation, storage, packaging, loading and unloading and other aspects of the integration and hierarchical intelligent logistics system; intelligent logistics development will be more prominent in the "customer-centric" concept, according to the needs of consumers to flexibly adjust the production process. The development of intelligent logistics will give more prominence to the concept of "customer-centered", according to the consumer demand changes to flexibly adjust the production process; the development of intelligent logistics will promote the development of the regional economy and the optimal allocation of the world's resources, to achieve socialization.
Through the four intelligent mechanisms of intelligent logistics system, i.e., intelligent acquisition technology, intelligent transmission technology, intelligent processing technology and intelligent application technology of information.
The use of bar codes, radio frequency identification technology, sensors, global positioning systems and other advanced Internet of Things technology through the information processing and network communication technology platform is widely used in the logistics industry transportation, warehousing, distribution, packaging, loading and unloading and other basic activities, the realization of automated operation of the process of cargo transportation and efficient optimization of management, improve the level of service in the logistics industry, reduce costs, reduce the consumption of natural and social resources. and social resources consumption.
The Internet of Things (IoT) provides a good platform for the logistics industry to combine traditional logistics technology with intelligent system operation and management, which in turn can better and faster realize the informationization, intelligence, automation, transparency and systematic operation mode of intelligent logistics.
Intelligent logistics in the implementation of the process emphasizes the logistics process data intelligence, network collaboration and decision-making intelligence.
Intelligent logistics in the function to achieve six "correct", namely, the right goods, the right amount, the right place, the right quality, the right time, the right price; in technology to achieve: item identification, location tracking, item traceability, item monitoring, real-time response. Intelligent Transportation System (Intelligent Transportation System, ITS) is the development direction of the future transportation system, it is the advanced information technology, data communication and transmission technology, electronic sensing technology, control technology and computer technology, etc. Effectively integrated in the entire ground transportation management system and the establishment of a wide range, all-around The role of real-time, accurate and efficient integrated transportation management system.
ITS can effectively utilize existing transportation facilities, reduce traffic load and environmental pollution, ensure traffic safety, improve transportation efficiency, and therefore, is increasingly being attached importance by countries.
The development of intelligent transportation is inseparable from the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), and only with the continuous development of the concept of IoT technology, the intelligent transportation system can be more and more perfect. Intelligent transportation is the embodiment of the Internet of Things in transportation.
The 21st century will be the century of highway traffic intelligence, people are going to use the intelligent transportation system, is an advanced integrated traffic management system. In the system, vehicles rely on their own intelligence to travel freely on the road, the highway rely on their own intelligence to adjust the traffic flow to the best state, with the help of this system, the management of the road, the vehicle's whereabouts will be mastered clearly. Intelligent environmental protection is the extension and expansion of the concept of "digital environmental protection", which is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, sensors and equipment embedded in a variety of environmental monitoring objects (objects), through the supercomputer and cloud computing will be the environmental protection field of the Internet of Things integrated to realize the integration of human society and environmental business systems, in a more refined and dynamic way to achieve environmental management and decision-making wisdom. realize the wisdom of environmental management and decision-making.
"Digital environmental protection" is a large-scale system project derived in recent years on the basis of digital earth, geographic information system, global positioning system, environmental management and decision support system and other technologies.
"Digital environmental protection" can be understood as the environmental protection as the core, by the basic applications, extended applications, advanced applications and strategic applications of the multi-layer environmental protection monitoring and management platform integration of information, networks, automation, communications, and other high-tech applications to the global, national, provincial, local and municipal levels of environmental protection in the field of data aggregation, information processing, decision-making, and so on. Data aggregation, information processing, decision-making support, information **** enjoyment and other services to realize the digitalization of environmental protection. Intelligent security technology with the development and progress of science and technology and the twenty-first century information technology has taken off into a completely new field, intelligent security technology and the boundaries between computers are gradually disappearing, no security technology society will seem uneasy, the world of science and technology will be affected by the advancement and development.
The popularization and application of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has made the city's security evolve from the past simple safety and protection system to the city's integrated system, the city's security projects cover a wide range of areas, such as street communities, buildings and buildings, banks and post offices, road monitoring, motor vehicles, police officers, moving objects, ships and so on.
For important places, such as: airports, docks, water, electricity and gas plants, bridges and dams, rivers, subways and other places, the introduction of Internet of Things technology can be wireless mobile, tracking and positioning means to establish a full range of three-dimensional protection. Taking into account the overall city management system, environmental protection monitoring system, traffic management system, emergency command system and other applications of the integrated system.
Particularly the rise of car networking, in the public **** traffic management, vehicle accident handling, vehicle theft prevention can be faster and more accurate tracking and positioning processing. Can also be anytime, anywhere through the vehicle to obtain more accurate disaster accident information, road traffic information, vehicle location information, public **** facilities safety information, weather information and other sources of information. Intelligent healthcare is to gradually achieve informatization by creating a regional medical information platform for health records and utilizing the most advanced Internet of Things (IoT) technology to realize the interaction between patients and medical staff, medical institutions, and medical equipment. In the near future the medical industry will incorporate more artificial intelligence, sensing technology and other high-tech, so that medical services to the true meaning of intelligence, to promote the prosperity of the medical cause. Under the background of China's new medical reform, intelligent medical treatment is coming into the lives of ordinary people.
With longer life expectancy, declining birth rate and people's concern for health, people in modern society need a better medical system. In this way, telemedicine and electronic healthcare (e-health) are in dire need. With the help of IoT/cloud computing technology, expert system of artificial intelligence, and intelligent equipment of embedded system, a perfect IoT healthcare system can be constructed, so that all the people can enjoy the top healthcare service equally, and solve or reduce the phenomena of difficult to see the doctor, tense relationship between doctor and patient, and frequent accidents due to the lack of medical resources.
As early as 2004, the Internet of Things technology has been applied to the medical industry, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to take a lot of practical action to promote the implementation and promotion of RFID, the relevant government agencies through legislation to regulate the RFID technology in the transportation of drugs, sales, anti-counterfeiting, tracking system in the application. U.S. hospitals have adopted RFID-based neonatal management systems that utilize RFID tags and readers to ensure the safety of newborns and pediatric patients.
The end of 2008, IBM put forward the concept of "smart health care", envisioning the full application of Internet of Things technology to the medical field, to achieve medical information interconnectivity, *** enjoy collaboration, clinical innovation, diagnostic science, and public *** health prevention. Smart home (smart home, home automation) is a residential platform, the use of integrated wiring technology, network communication technology, security technology, automatic control technology, audio and video technology will be integrated home life-related facilities, to build a highly efficient residential facilities and family schedule management system, to enhance home security, convenience, comfort, art and to realize the environmental protection and energy saving living environment. Realize environmentally friendly and energy-saving living environment.
The smart home is the embodiment of the Internet's influence on the Internet of Things. Smart home connects various devices at home (such as audio and video equipment, lighting system, curtain control, air conditioning control, security system, digital theater system, audio-visual server, shadow cabinet system, network appliances, etc.) through Internet of Things (IoT) technology to provide a variety of functions and means, such as home appliance control, lighting control, remote control by telephone, indoor and outdoor remote control, anti-theft alarm, environmental monitoring, HVAC control, infrared forwarding and programmable timer control. It provides a wide range of functions and means. Compared with the ordinary home, smart home not only has the traditional function of living, both building, network communications, information appliances, equipment automation, providing a full range of information interaction functions, and even save money for a variety of energy costs.
The concept of smart home originated very early, but there has been no specific building cases, until 1984, the United States United Technologies Building System (United Technologies Building System) will be the concept of informationization and integration of building equipment applied to the United States Connecticut (Connecticut) Hartford (Hartford), the CityPark of the City of Hartford (Hartford). Hartford, Connecticut, USA (Connecticut) Hartford CityPlaceBuilding, the first "intelligent building", from which opened the world scrambled to build a smart home pie prelude.