Light industry is the industry that mainly produces means of living, including textile industry, food industry, pharmaceutical industry, etc.
Light industry mainly refers to the industrial sector that provides consumer goods for living, including:
① Agricultural products as raw materials. Such as cotton, wool, hemp, silk textile and sewing, leather and its products, pulp and paper, food manufacturing and other industries;
② non-agricultural products as raw materials. Such as daily-use metals, daily-use chemicals, daily-use glass, daily-use ceramics, chemical fibers and their fabrics, matches, household wood products and other industries. Most of the products of light industry is the production of consumer goods, part of the raw materials and semi-finished products used in production, such as chemical fibers, industrial fabrics, paper, salt and so on.
Heavy industry is the industry that provides the main means of production for the material and technological basis of all sectors of the national economy. Heavy industry corresponds to light industry; the sector providing the means of production is called heavy industry and the sector producing the means of consumption is called light industry.
Heavy industry refers to the industrial system based on energy and raw materials industry, high-grade durable consumer goods, equipment manufacturing, electronics and electrical machinery industry, chemical industry as the main body. It includes metallurgy, machinery, energy (electric power, petroleum, coal, natural gas, etc.), chemical, construction materials and other industries, and is a basic industry that provides technical equipment, power and raw materials for all sectors of the national economy.
It provides raw materials, fuel, power, technical equipment and other labor materials and labor objects for all sectors of the national economy (including industry itself), and is the material basis for realizing social reproduction and expanding reproduction. The scale of development and technical level of a country's heavy industry is an important symbol of its national strength.
Heavy industry according to the nature of production and product use can be divided into three categories:
Extractive industry
refers to the extraction of natural resources, including oil, natural gas mining, coal mining, metal mining, non-metallic mining and timber harvesting and other industries;
Raw materials industry
To the various sectors of the national economy to provide basic materials, power and fuel industry.
Raw materials industry
Provides basic materials, power and fuel to all sectors of the national economy. Including ferrous and non-ferrous metal smelting and processing, coking and coke, chemical, chemical raw materials, cement, man-made boards, as well as electric power, petroleum and coal processing, fiberglass raw materials, sawn timber and man-made boards industry industries;
Processing industry
Manufacturing industry, refers to industrial raw materials for reprocessing and manufacturing of the heavy industry industry. Including machinery and equipment manufacturing industry to equip the various sectors of the national economy, the electronics industry, fertilizers, metal structures, cement products, other building materials manufacturing industry, as well as for agriculture to provide the means of production such as fertilizers, pesticides and other industries. Most of the products of heavy industry are used for production and a small portion is used for domestic consumption, such as electricity, domestic coal, and small cars.
In industrial economics in the past, industries were often categorized into light and heavy industries based on the relative weight of products per unit volume. The industrial sector with a large weight per unit volume of product is heavy industry, and the light weight belongs to light industry. The industrial sectors belonging to heavy industry are iron and steel industry, non-ferrous metallurgy industry, metal materials industry and machinery industry.
Another criterion for the division of light and heavy industry is that the sector providing the means of production is called heavy industry and the sector producing the means of consumption is called light industry. There is a difference between these two principles of division. The National Bureau of Statistics on the division of light and heavy industry is close to the latter criterion, "China Statistical Yearbook" on the definition of heavy industry is: for all sectors of the national economy to provide the material and technological basis of the main means of production industry. Light industry is defined as the industry that mainly provides consumer goods and makes hand tools. In research, heavy industry and chemical industry are often referred to as heavy chemical industry.
Industry (industry) mainly refers to the collection of raw materials and product processing and manufacturing industry or engineering. Industry is the product of the development of social division of labor, through the handicraft industry, machine industry, modern industry several stages of development.
Industry is an important part of the secondary industry, which is mainly divided into two categories: light industry and heavy industry.In 2014, China's gross industrial product amounted to 4 trillion U.S. dollars, surpassing the United States as the world's top industrial producer.
In the past, in the field of industrial economics, industries were often divided into light and heavy industries based on the relative weight of products per unit volume. Industrial sectors with a heavy weight per unit volume of product are heavy industries, and those with a light weight are light industries. The industrial sectors belonging to heavy industry are iron and steel industry, non-ferrous metallurgy industry, metal materials industry and machinery industry.
Because of the development of modern industry, the chemical industry in a very prominent position, therefore, in the industrial structure of the industrial classification, often the chemical industry independently of the modern industry with light and heavy industry side by side. Thus, the industrial structure consists of light industry, heavy industry and chemical industry. Some people often put heavy industry and chemical industry together, jointly called heavy chemical industry, and light industry relative. Another criterion for the division of light and heavy industries is to call the sector that provides the means of production heavy industry and the sector that produces the means of consumption light industry. There is a difference between these two principles of division.
The division of light and heavy industries by the National Bureau of Statistics is close to the latter criterion, and the definition of heavy industry in the China Statistical Yearbook is: the industry that provides the main means of production for the material and technical basis of all sectors of the national economy. Light industry is defined as industry that mainly provides consumer goods and makes hand tools. In research, as mentioned above, heavy industry and chemical industry are often referred to together as heavy chemical industry.
Heavy industry is: the industry that provides the main means of production for the material and technological basis of all sectors of the national economy. According to the nature of its production and product use, can be divided into the following three categories:
(1) extraction (logging) industry, refers to the exploitation of natural resources, including oil mining, coal mining, metal mining, non-metallic mining and timber harvesting and other industries;
(2) raw materials industry, to the various sectors of the national economy to provide the basic materials, power and fuel industry. Including metal smelting and processing, coking and coke, chemical, chemical raw materials, cement, man-made boards, as well as electric power, petroleum and coal processing industries;
(3) processing industry, refers to industrial raw materials reprocessing manufacturing industry. Including machinery and equipment manufacturing industry to equip various sectors of the national economy, metal structures, cement products and other industries, as well as for agriculture to provide the means of production such as fertilizers, pesticides and other industries.
Light industry:refers to industries that mainly provide consumer goods and make hand tools.
By the different raw materials used, it can be divided into two major categories:
(1) Light industry using agricultural products as raw materials, refers to the light industry that directly or indirectly uses agricultural products as basic raw materials. It mainly includes food manufacturing, beverage manufacturing, tobacco processing, textile, sewing, leather and fur production, paper and printing industries;
(2) light industry based on non-agricultural products as raw materials, refers to the light industry based on industrial products as raw materials. It mainly includes the industries of cultural, educational and sporting goods, chemical and drug manufacturing, synthetic fiber manufacturing, daily-use chemical products, daily-use glass products, daily-use metal products, hand tool manufacturing, medical equipment manufacturing, and cultural and office machinery manufacturing.
The repair industry has been categorized as a service industry in the tertiary sector, which is characterized by the product is a non-material type of virtual products, such as: technical services.