A brief history of the ****production party
The ****production party has been an important political force that has influenced the world throughout the course of the 20th century. At one point in the entire history of the 20th century, as many as 21 countries were ruled by ****productives or self-declared parties of a ****productive nature.
In terms of the process of the birth of the ****producer parties, the large number of existing ****producer parties - especially in Europe - originated in the 1920s with a massive split in the socialist movement of the time. The reason for this split was a controversy over the necessity of revolution in the process of reaching socialism. In this controversy, the factions that favored a violent revolution began to call themselves the ****production party, while the factions that favored a gradual, peaceful transition to socialism kept their original name, the Socialist Party or Social Democratic Party.
The split between these two factions grew and deepened in the years that followed. The ****production party was firmly in favor of "Marxism-Leninism," while the Socialist Party identified with Marxism but rejected Leninist theories, which had a tendency toward violent revolution. After World War II, these divisions deepened. The Socialist Party began to revise and move further away from classical Marxist theory; and splits occurred among the ****productivist parties, with the ****productivist parties of Western Europe, represented especially by the Italian ****productivist party and the French ****productivist party, putting forward the doctrine of European ****productivism, which eliminated Leninist overtones from their original doctrines, and attempted to rid themselves of Stalinist influences on their reputations.
The organizational structure of most of the ****anist parties is based on the so-called "democratic centralism". Theoretically, the party should conduct elections according to the following procedure: the party congress elects the Central Committee, which in turn elects the Politburo. However, in the history of ****productive parties in all countries of the world, organizations based purely on classical principles have rarely lasted long. In fact, in many cases the situation has been reversed, with the Politburo seizing all the power and controlling both the Central Committee and the Party Congress.
Under Stalin, virtually every ****production party in the world came under the influence and even direct leadership of the Soviet ****production party. In the 1930s, Stalin realized a purge of his opponents. One of his famous opponents, Leon Trotsky, after being ostracized from the ****producers' international, reorganized the Fourth International, and Trotsky's followers were simply called "Trotskyists" in China.
After World War II, the Soviet Union helped to establish a large number of ****production parties in Central and Eastern Europe, which were formed by merging local leftist parties with ****production parties. These ****production parties generally gained power in the late 1940s. And established a set of political-economic system similar to that of the Soviet Union. Only the parties in the former Yugoslavia and Albania did not belong to this type of "fostering" by the Soviet Union. However, the latter two took two completely different paths, the former adopting a decentralized political-economic model, while the latter adhered to the Stalinist system.
In the 1960s and 1970s, many Third World countries also claimed to be on the path of so-called "socialism", and their leaders established political party systems similar to those of the Soviet Union. However, compared with the political systems of Central and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, the political systems of these countries were more linked to the personal abilities of the leaders and lacked a more complete ****producer political system. Therefore, although these countries are categorized as ****producer countries in a broad sense, their political systems are not, in the strictest sense of the word, classic ****producer one-party systems.
Between 1989 and 1991, a large number of ****-producers in Central and Eastern Europe lost power. This process, which was peaceful in some countries, such as Poland and Hungary, was followed by a process of serious bloody shoot-outs in countries such as Romania. This was preceded by a large number of Third World countries where the leaders of the "****productivist" parties had already renounced the ****productivist political norms and accepted multi-party elections. Nicaragua, Benin, etc.
After the end of the Cold War
Today, there are still political groups in many countries of the world that retain the name "****productives", as well as other groups that have a ****productive ideology but are not called ****productives (e.g., the Progressive Labor Party of the U.S.A., the Socialist Party of Canada, and so on). Among these various ****production parties, some still maintain the Marxist-Leninist approach to ****productivism and capitalism and even engage in armed struggle against existing regimes; some also add other new and different articulations from traditional Marxism in order to maintain a one-party or essentially one-party political status in the face of a drastically altered economic system; and some renounce the Leninist principle of "the violent overthrow of the weak bourgeois regime and the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat", and added more new views on the attitudes to ****anism and capitalism, especially the emphasis on human rights and the endorsement of "liberalism", becoming a party which is not different from the other parties generally in many respects. It became a party that in many ways was indistinguishable from other parties in general, such as the French ****anist party, the Italian ****anist party, the Japanese ****anist party, and so on.
Additionally, the ****productivist parties that lost power in the dramatic changes in the countries where ****productivist parties were in power during the Cold War era took very different paths in the 1990s. Some disappeared completely, such as the Romanian ****production party; some imitated the former ****production parties in Western Europe, changed their platforms and even their names to become leftist political parties that are comparable to the Socialist Party or even more inclined to a neutral position, and continue to play a great role in their countries or regions, such as the Polish Socialist Party, which was reorganized from the former Unified Workers' Party of Poland, and the Moldovan ****production party, which have been in the position of ruling for a long time in the multiparty politics; some have been in the position of adopting the political system for a long time. Some have adopted nationalist policies and evolved into pro-nationalist parties, such as the Socialist Party of Serbia in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro), and the Russian ****producers' party (revived in 1993), which was reorganized from the remnants of the USSR***producers' party and the Russian ****producers' party (established in 1990) and which exerted a significant influence on the political life of Russia in the 1990s, are also considered to be the most important political parties in the country or region where they are located. revived in 1993) is also considered to have a relatively strong nationalist flavor. In addition, there are a number of smaller parties in the former Central and Eastern Europe that adhere fully to orthodox Marxism-Leninism, but are not considered to have a great deal of influence.
In some countries of the Third World, there are some ****producer political forces that operate on the basis of "Mao Zedong Thought". For example, the ****production party (Maoists) in Nepal is very influential. The party claims to have inherited the ideas of Mao Zedong, the former leader of the Chinese ****production party, on guerrilla warfare, and has carried out land reforms in the occupied territories, which have gained the support of many of the former underclasses, and has become a powerful force with control over two thirds of the landed population of Nepal, and with an independent armed force. In contrast, there was also the Nepalese ****production party, which was similar to the European ****production party, and participated in parliamentary politics and once held the post of prime minister. The two parties are hostile to each other. The precarious situation caused by the Maoist guerrillas in the country has been the focus of international attention. By early 2005, it had left more than 10,000 people dead and 100,000 to 150,000 homeless.
Today's ruling ****production party
The ****production party, which rules the country as a ruling party in five countries - China, North Korea, Cuba, Vietnam and Laos - belongs to this type of party. Its nature is considered to be a one-party system or a substantial one-party system. However these parties also differ greatly from each other in their internal and external policies.
The parties in China, Vietnam, and Laos, having opted for an economic system similar to the "socialist market economy," have maintained the actual power of the ****-producers in politics. Some of these parties have accordingly made theoretical changes to adapt to the new economic situation. Typical examples are the "Deng Xiaoping Theory" and the "Three Represents Thought" put forward by the CPC. The CCP calls these theories "the development of Marxism in the new era," but many people inside and outside China generally consider them to be mere pragmatic propositions with no connection to or inheritance from the classic ideas of Marxism. In these three countries, the economic pragmatism policies adopted by the ruling parties have served to prosper the economy for a certain period of time, resulting in the satisfaction of the general public in these countries with the improvement of their lives, such as the rural areas of China in the 1980s, the urban areas of China before the mid-1990s, most of the residents of the big cities in the late 1990s before the overheating of China's economy before 2003, most of the people in Vietnam since the revolution, and so on. most of the Vietnamese population, etc. The ruling party considers and claims as its own merit that this is a useful exploration of the primary stage of socialism towards prosperity and the only way possible at this stage, although some people infer that this exploration will change in due course; others infer from history that, no matter how the exploration is carried out, it will ultimately have to maintain a political monopoly, and that no substantial political reform is possible. Moreover, many people inside and outside the country have observed from experience that this multi-win situation cannot be maintained permanently, based mainly on the fact that since the late 1990s, and especially since 2002, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has witnessed the excesses of various damaged groups in various parts of the country. For the time being, however, economic, legal and institutional reforms are continuing in the People's Republic of China. It is foreseeable that the democratization of politics and the standardization of the rule of law will be included in the ruling party's governing program.
The Cuban ****anist party implemented some economically liberal policies during the extremely difficult economic conditions of the 1990s, which improved the economy to a certain extent, but not many modifications have been made in political theory.
The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), for its part, is perceived by South Koreans as well as others as having engaged in a massive campaign of personality cults, with little sign of reform in the party. However, the party has undertaken major economic restructuring in a significant portion of the country since 2002, the effects of which are unclear.
Date of founding and founder of the Chinese ****production party
The first national congress of the Chinese ****production party was held on July 23, 1921, while the anniversary of the party's birth is July 1st.
On July 23, 1921, the First National Congress of the China*** Producers Party was held in Shanghai. Delegates from all over the country attended the meeting: Li Da, Li Hanjun, Zhang Guotao, Liu Renjing, Mao Zedong, He Shuheng, Wang Zhenmei, Deng Enming, Chen Tanqiu, Dong Biwu, Zhou Fohai, Chen Gongbo, and Bao Huixing was dispatched by Chen Duxiu to attend the meeting. They represented more than 50 Party members throughout the country. *** Producers' International delegates Marin and Nikolsky attended the meeting. In the course of the meeting, suddenly some French Concession inspectors broke into the meeting place, and the meeting was interrupted. The final day of the conference was then transferred to a yacht on the South Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. After discussions, the conference adopted the first program and resolutions of the Chinese ****anufacturing party, and elected the party's leading body, the Central Bureau.
The Party's Great Congress proclaimed the official founding of the C***nese Communist Party.
July 1: Anniversary of the Birth of the CPC
The First National Congress of the CPC was held on July 23, 1921, while the anniversary of the Party's birth is July 1st. Why do the two times not coincide? Why did July 1 become the anniversary of the party's birth?
The idea of making July 1 the anniversary of the Party's birth was put forward in May 1938 by Mao Zedong. At that time, Mao Zedong proposed in his essay "On the Long War" that "July 1 this year is the seventeenth anniversary of the founding of the Chinese ****anufacturing Party." This is the first time that a leading comrade of the central government explicitly mentioned that July 1 is the anniversary of the birth of the party.
The only two party founders in Yan'an at the time who had participated in the First Congress were Mao Zedong and Dong Biwu. They recalled that the congress was held in July, but could not remember the exact date of the meeting. Because of the lack of archival materials, it was impossible to check for a while, so July 1 was established as the anniversary of the party's birth.
"July 1" as the anniversary of the birth of the party, the earliest seen in the central documents in June 1941. At that time, the Central Committee issued the Instructions on the Twentieth Anniversary of the Birth of the Communist Party of China and the Fourth Anniversary of the Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. The Instruction said, "As July 1 this year is the twentieth anniversary of the creation of the C**** and July 7 is the fourth anniversary of China's anti-Japanese war, all anti-Japanese bases should convene separate meetings and adopt various methods to commemorate the occasion, as well as issue special issues or special series in various publications." This is the first document made in the name of the Central Committee to commemorate July 1 as the anniversary of the birth of the Party.
The date of the opening of the Party's First Congress was only clarified by Party historians in the late 1970s, and the date of the First Congress was determined to be July 23, 1921, according to newly discovered historical materials and the results of the examination.
Although the anniversary of the birth of the Party is not the specific date of the convening of the Party's first congress, the glorious festival of July 1 has been y engraved in the hearts of the Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country. It has become an important festival for people to commemorate every year, and has also become part of the Chinese festival culture.