Introduction to Logistics and Supply Chain Management and Logistics Methods
A supply chain is a network of organizations that are connected upstream and downstream involving different processes and services that generate value in terms of the products and services that get to the final consumer. The following is the content of logistics and supply chain management and logistics methods that I have organized for you, welcome to read! Want to know more about the content, welcome to pay attention to the forum!
Supply chain and supply chain management mode
The supply chain of enterprise logistics management mode in the operation of the enterprise has long been implemented, but the definition is not well unified. Regardless of the definition, this supply chain is ultimately a network. This network is a bit wired, each node is the link between upstream and downstream, each trade participant is a downstream supplier, but also upstream customers, can be to the upstream nodes through certain channels to select products or services, but also through certain channels to the downstream supply of products or services, each node has a point of interest, emphasizing a line connected to the aggregate, is an integrated system of thought, is a packaged management concept, is an integrated system of thought, is a packaged management concept, is a packaged management system, is a packaged management concept, is a packaged management concept, is a packaged management concept, is a packaged management system. It is a packaged management concept that connects supply and service through a line, organically combining each part to improve the efficiency of the entire supply chain and achieve the purpose of integration.
The development of modern logistics management has gone through three stages:
The 60s to the early 70s for the first stage, called "physical distribution stage", through a series of activities related to the distribution of food for systematic management, to ensure that the product is effectively delivered to the customer at the lowest cost. Ensure that the products are effectively delivered to the customer, focusing on the link from the finished product to the consumer
The early 1970s to the 1980s for the second stage, called the "integrated logistics management stage", which is based on physical distribution, the introduction of new concepts of material management and new technologies, so that the combination of physical distribution and material management to improve the management level of the logistics system, and greatly improve the quality of the logistics system, and greatly improve the management level of the logistics system.
Concept of Supply Chain
A supply chain is a kind of network consisting of organizations, and this network of organizations is formed by upstream and downstream organizations, and this network of organizations is formed by upstream and downstream organizations. A supply chain is a network of organizations that, through upstream and downstream connections, are involved in different processes and services that generate value in terms of products and services that reach the final consumer.
For example, the production of shirts is part of a supply chain that extends upstream of the supply chain through textile preparers and downstream of the supply chain through retailers and distributors to the final consumer.
Supply chain management
A comprehensive and coordinated cooperative management of the entire supply chain, not only considering the management of the internal processes of the manufacturer's enterprise, but also focusing on the cooperation of the supply chain in all aspects of the utilization of resources between the various enterprises, i.e., the logistics and information flow between the supplier, the manufacturer, the logistics service enterprise, the distributor, the customer and the final consumer. The logistics and information flow between suppliers, manufacturers, logistics service companies, distributors, customers and final consumers should be planned, coordinated and controlled. The purpose is to let each enterprise to carry on a cooperative game (Cooperative Game), through the optimization of all the processes related to the supply chain, and ultimately achieve a "win-win", to obtain higher benefits and efficiency.
New rules for supply chain management competition
? Organizational responsiveness and demand flexibility can provide a powerful competitive advantage
? Concentration of demand leads to larger customers being increasingly empowered to demand more services from their suppliers
? Product innovation will be transformed into process innovation
Ways to Gain a Competitive Advantage in Supply Chain Management
? Establishing successful "connections"
? Reconfigure the organization
? Manage the supply chain as a network
1.**** the same strategic development
2.Win-win
3.The openness of the relevant information
First Party Logistics
The First Party Logistics (the First Party Logistics, 1PL) It is the process of delivering goods to the demander of goods by the material provider's own undertaking to realize the spatial displacement of goods.
Second Party Logistics
The Second Party Logistics (the Second Party Logistics, 2PL) refers to the process of solving the logistics problem of the required materials by the material demander himself in order to realize the spatial displacement of materials. Traditionally, some of the larger commercial sectors have their own means of transportation and warehouses for storing goods to solve the logistics problem from the supply station to the shopping mall.
Third-party logistics
1, the concept of third-party logistics
With the intensification of market competition, as well as the pursuit of efficiency, so that the division of labor in the organization of the social division of labor between the increasingly refined. Enterprises in order to improve their core competitiveness, reduce costs, increase the development of enterprises 'flexibility, increasingly willing to subcontract their unfamiliar business to other social organizations to undertake. Because of this, some of the better conditions, originally engaged in logistics-related transportation companies, warehousing companies, freight forwarding companies began to expand their traditional business, into the logistics system, and gradually grow into the ability to provide some or all of the logistics services of the enterprise. We call this service "third party logistics" (Third party Logistics, 3PL).
2, the content of third party logistics services
With the continuous development of logistics technology, third party logistics as a way to improve the speed of material flow, saving storage costs and capital flow time of the effective method, is attracting more and more attention. Common third-party logistics services are as follows:
? Development of logistics strategies / systems
? Electronic data interchange capabilities
? Management status reporting
? Cargo consolidation
? Selection of carriers, forwarders, customs agents, etc.
? Information management
? Warehousing
? Consultation
? Freight payment
? Freight Negotiation
According to the size of the logistics business scope and the logistics functions undertaken by logistics enterprises, logistics enterprises can be divided into functional logistics enterprises and comprehensive logistics enterprises
Functional logistics enterprises are also called single logistics enterprises, i.e., it only undertakes and completes a certain logistic function or a few logistics functions, which can be further classified into transportation enterprises, warehousing enterprises, distribution processing enterprises, etc.
Functional logistics enterprises are also called single logistics enterprises.
Comprehensive logistics enterprises are able to complete and undertake a number or even all the logistics functions. Comprehensive logistics enterprises are generally larger, well-funded, and have a good reputation for logistics services. Logistics self-management enterprise is usually called logistics enterprises.
Third-party logistics services for production-oriented enterprises to bring the benefits
? Can focus on their familiar core business
? Can get back the investment in fixed assets previously made in logistics activities
? Companies engaged in third party logistics can provide more related services, such as environmental protection and multiple utilization of handling and packaging materials
? Can save money; due to the large volume of goods handled by 3PL companies, they can afford to invest in large logistics facilities and keep logistics costs low
? Increase flexibility in their core business
? The experience and responsibility that 3PLs have in engaging in the logistics business;
? The quality of logistics services due to the specialization of the division of labor has been greatly improved
3, third-party logistics and logistics integration
Logistics integration is a form of development of the logistics industry, which must be based on the third-party logistics to fully develop and improve.
The essence of logistics integration is a logistics management problem. That is, specialized logistics management personnel and technical staff, make full use of specialized logistics equipment, facilities, and play a specialized logistics operation management experience, in order to achieve the overall optimal results. At the same time, the trend of logistics integration for the development of third-party logistics to provide a good environment for development and huge market demand.
Fourth-party logistics
With the development of information technology and computer network technology, the logistics industry is bound to appear in the logistics industry by virtue of the possession of logistics information and knowledge to engage in the logistics service industry, which is the so-called "fourth-party logistics".
Now people say that the fourth party logistics, refers to the social organization engaged in logistics services do not need to undertake the physical movement of materials directly with their own ability, but with the help of their own information technology and the realization of the logistics of the full demand and supply information, coupled with the logistics operation of a better understanding of the logistics services carried out. This business is very similar to the existing freight forwarding business, so it can also be called logistics agency business.
Fifth-party logistics
There are not many references to "fifth-party logistics", but some people have paid attention to this area.
Fifth-party logistics is generally considered to be a party that is trained in the business of logistics.
With the development of modern integrated logistics, people need to have a process of recognition of logistics, is currently in such a situation, when the traditional way of logistics is being denied by the people, in a large number of about the establishment of a new logistics system in the introduction, people began to bewildered and do not know what to do. Therefore, the provision of new concepts of modern integrated logistics and the actual operation of the logistics industry has become an important industry. That is, the training of logistics personnel.
The above mentioned forms of multi-party logistics will co-exist for a long time, which is the manifestation of social diversity. However, the role of third-party logistics in logistics activities will become more and more important, and fourth-party, fifth-party logistics with the arrival of the knowledge-based economy and society, will become a new field of development of the logistics industry.
Nevertheless, the first and second party logistics will still be with the emerging logistics side of the long-term **** survive down to meet the special needs of some aspects of society.
It is worth mentioning that enterprises engaged in third-party logistics can simultaneously engage in fourth-party and fifth-party logistics, and enterprises engaged in fourth-party logistics can also simultaneously intervene in the business of fifth-party logistics.
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